Transcript Document

Characteristics of
Living Things
Characteristics of Living
Things
1.
Made of Cells
unicellular vs.. multicellular
Red Blood cells
Onion skin epidermal cells
Human cheek cells
Characteristics of Living Things
2. Grows and develops
 Increase
in cell size and/or number
 Includes:
development, aging, death
 Differentiation
– cell specialization
for a certain job
Characteristics of Living Things
3. Obtains & uses Energy


Metabolism
Heterotrophic (other feeding)
vs. autotrophic (self-feeding)
Characteristics of Living Things
4. Reproduces
two kinds of reproduction:
- asexual – takes one
to make more
- sexual – takes two
Characteristics of Living Things
5. Responds to the Environment
a. Movement – internal or
external
b. Irritability - ability to respond to
a stimulus
Examples of stimuli : sight, sound,
touch, pressure, temperature,
chemicals, color, light, other?
c. Adaptability
Taxonomy
A. Definition = science of naming
things & assigning them to groups
Taxonomy
B. Why have a classification system?
1. Single, universal name
2. Avoid confusion
3. Understand how living things are
related to one another
Taxonomy
What are the FIVE common names of
this animal?
Taxonomy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mountain Lion
Cougar
Puma
(Florida) Panther
Catamount
Rocky Mountain resident
Florida resident
Taxonomy
Wouldn’t it be confusing if we didn’t
have a scientific name?
Felis concolor = scientific name of the
mountain lion
Genus
species
Taxonomy
C. Examples of classification systems:
1. Dewey decimal system – library
2. Sections of store – music store
3. Periodic Table of elements Chemistry
4. Others?
Taxonomy
D. Binomial nomenclature
1. System of scientific naming
2. Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
(Swedish botanist) in 1750s
3. Two part scientific name Genus and
species
4.
5.
Must be underlined or in italics
In Latin (dead language of scholars)
Taxonomy
E. Example :
Homo sapiens
(wise man)
1. Scientific name
for human beings
2. Homo = genus
(capitalized &
underlined)
3. sapiens = species
(underlined, but NOT
capitalized)
Taxonomy
F. Definition of species =
1. breed successfully  viable,
fertile offspring
2. unique features similar to others of
same species
3. have similar DNA to other species
members
Taxonomy
G. 7 Taxa of living things ( taxon =
group)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(kings)
(play)
(chess)
(on)
(fine)
(green)
(silk)
Taxonomy
H. Kingdom is least specific, largest
group
I. Species is most specific,
contains only one kind of
organism
Taxonomy
J. An example:
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Primates
Family
Hominidae
Genus
Homo
Species
sapiens
Taxonomy
K. What determines how something
is classified?
1. DNA
2. Structure
Taxonomy
3. Embryology & development
Taxonomy
L. There are 6 kingdoms of living things
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Taxonomy
M. Definitions
 Prokaryotic
= does not have a
nucleus to
contain its DNA
 Eukaryotic – has a membrane–bound
nucleus