Transcript Diapositive 1

OPALES Demonstration
Antoine Isaac
CWI – Feb. 22nd 2006
OPALES
 French Project (RIAM, 2001-2003)
 Partners:
• « Developers »
• INA (Coordinator)
• LIRMM (IHM, GC)
• CS
• « Users »
• CNRS (video library)
• MSH (humanities, communication)
• CNDP (educational material)
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
1
« Tools to share knowledge in
educational/scientific communities »
 Goals
• Sharing and exploiting AV resources
• Fitting the needs of various specific user communities
 Approach
• Accessing document via annotations
• Similar to classical indexing approach
Interpretation of AV content used for exploitation
• Ensuring the relevance of annotation for communities
and applications
• Using points of view
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
2
Points of view
 Exploitation of annotation/indexes needs semantic
continuity
• Shared interpretation/coherent manipulation for
indexer/searcher/system
 OPALES points of view
• Mirror specific application/community needs
• Embody annotation policies
• Gather users who choose them for creating or filtering annotations
 Thorough experiments with 2 points of view
• Ethnology-oriented analysis of videos regarding childhood
• Educational exploitation of geographic information films
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
3
Points of view and annotation/search
policies
 Free-text annotation and search
• Natural interpretation of AV content
 Form-based annotation and search
• Predefined structure
• Basic control (value lists)
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
4
OPALES Forms
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
5
Points of view and annotation/search
policies
 Free-text annotation and search
• Natural interpretation of AV content
 Form-based annotation and search
• Predefined structure
• Basic control (value lists)
 Ontology-based annotation and search
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
6
Ontology-based annotation and search
 Explicit and flexible structuring of index elements
• Added value of relations for rich indexing
Conceptual Graphs formalism
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
7
Ontology-based annotation
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
8
Ontology-based annotation and search
 Explicit and flexible structuring of index elements
 Control ensured by formal specifications
 Inference
• Taking into account (viewpoint-specific) implicit
knowledge to link queries to indexes
Cogitant CG inference engine
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
9
Problems of ontology-based approach
 Complex indexing process
• Difficult to get accustomed to
• Especially for people not used to KR
 Coupling design of complex ontological
knowledge with use
• Legitimate conceptualisation w.r.t. application and
practice
• Specification of formal inference knowledge
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
10
DOE ontology editor
 Semi-informal semantics [Bachimont]
• Differential principles inter-defining notions by
similarities and differences
• Meaning naturally linked to an application domain
• Compatible with extraction of ontology elements from
textual resources
[Véronique Malaisé]
• Compatible with further formalization
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
11
DOE
http://opales.ina.fr/public [Bachimont, Isaac, Troncy]
(now http://homepages.cwi.nl/~troncy/DOE/ !)
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
12
Indexing patterns
 Determine relational template recurrent in aimed
information practices
• Dependent on point of view
 Propose those structures to the indexer as a
starting point for description
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
13
Indexing patterns: example (1)
English
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
14
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
15
Indexing patterns: example (3)
English
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
16
Patterns and reasoning
 Comparison index/query
Pattern as an implicit pivotal structure, compensating for
description/query variations
 Inferring facts from pattern structure
Entity
hasParticipant
Action
isLocatedAt
Object/Place
isLocatedAt
 Inferring pattern-fitting facts from different structure
Entity
hasParticipant
Action
isLocatedAt
Place
isLocatedAt
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
17
Conclusion
 Points of view as materialization of indexing and
exploitation strategies
 Knowledge-based tools
• Expressivity, control and inference
 Experimentation (two qualitative evaluations with
domain users) shows that there are obstacles:
• No familiarity of targeted users with formal techniques
• Difficulty for the knowledge workers to design proper
ontological resources for each point of view
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
18
Conclusion
 Experimentation shows that approach is made feasible by:
• Ontologies linked in quite a natural way to meanings and practices
targeted by points of views
• Differential principles help ontology designer’s work and final users’
understanding
• Formalizing users needs by Indexing Patterns
• Both for description and query
• Also legitimates ontology designers’ work
• Turning to “relational” reasoning for compensating variations
[Remark: complexity goes now for KR engine]
Techniques to ensuring semantic continuity in ontologybased indexing and search
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
19
THANK YOU !
2006-02-22
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
20
Back
Childcare use pattern
Posture
hasInstrument
Tool
isLocatedAt
OpeningDefined
Place
hasPosture
Mother
hasAgent
Child
hasPatient
HygienicCare
isMotherOf
2006-02-22
hasLocation
Feature
FunctionDefined
Place
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
21
Back
Specialised index
Standing
hasInstrument
Bawl
hasPosture
hasAgent
Drying
Mother
hasAgent
Bathing
2006-02-22
Child
ExteriorLocation
hasLocation
Feature
isMotherOf
hasPatient
isLocatedAt
hasPatient
Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk
IndividualHouse
22