NCAA Black Coaches and Leaders in the Professions

Road to Success?

Student Enrollment Data

Access to Higher education

NCAA Student- Athlete Ethnicity Report: 1999-2000- 2008-09 • • • • Division I 2008-2009: Highest percentage of Black male basketball players in Division I ( 60.4 percentage) 2008-2009: Highest percentage of Black female basketball players in Division I ( 51.5 percentage) 2008: Highest percentage of football players in Division I were white (46.3 percentage). Black football players (45.6 percentage)

Male Student-Athlete Race/Ethnicity Percentages for Divisions I, II and III Overall

50 40 30 20 10 0 100 90 80 70 60 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02

Year

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Black, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic

Female Student-Athlete Race/Ethnicity Percentages for Divisions I, II and III Overall

50 40 30 20 10 0 100 90 80 70 60 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02

Year

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Black, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic

100 90 80 30 20 10 0 70 60 50 40 1999-00

Female Student-Athlete Race/Ethnicity Percentages for Division I

2000-01 2001-02

Year

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Black, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic

NCAA African American Head Football Coaches: Unequal Access -- Unequal Outcome (Black Bottomed Pyramid) (Shropshire,1996)

Future Issues Facing African American Head Coaches • • Access to NCAA 1-A Head Football Coaching Jobs.

Access to Other Administrative Positions ( ie. Athletic Directors, SIDs, Faculty Representatives ).

What Is AA/ EEOC????

• • • • EEOC LAWS: Title V11 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Equal Pay Act of 1963: protects men and women who perform substantially equal work in the same establishment from sex-based wage discrimination.

Age Discrimination Act in the Employment Act of 1967: protects people who are 40 years of age and olde r

NCAA African American Head Football Coaches ( November 29, 210) • • • 13 out of 119 ( Kansas, U. of Houston, U. of NM, Naval Academy, Miami*, Florida International, E. Mich. U., NM State U., U. of Memphis, UVA, W. Kentucky, Louisville, U. of Kentucky, East Carolina) Division II: 3 out of 133 ( Wayne State, Stonehill College, Missouri S&T) Division III: 7 out of 229 ( Salisbury, Randolph Macon, Chapman U., DePauw U., Widener U., Greenville College, Capital U.) BCA Report, 2010

Faces in a Mostly White, Male Crowd (Suggs, 2005) • • • • • • • Career Track Fund raiser/ Dev.

Promotions/ Market Business manager Asst. AD Assoc. AD AD • • • • • • • White African-American 67% 28% 66% 30% 44% 50% 64% 29% 61% 31% 89% 7% 2003-04 data

January 11, 2007 Employment Data •

17 Minority Athletic Directors: 12 Black, 4 Latino, and 1 American Indian

2008 Diversity Report

• • • • 87.5% of the A.D.s are White 92.6% of the faculty athletic reps are White Every conference commissioner is white 55% of all student athletes are minorities

NCAA 1 A faculty diversity (2007-08) •

83.2 % white

•

3.5 % African American

•

3.1 % Latino

•

9.5 % Asian

•

.4% Native American

Newspapers and the Media (2008)

• • • • • 94% of the sports editors are white 88% of the columnist are white 94 % of the sports editors are men 87% of the reporters are white 84% of the copy editors are men

2010 NCAA Hiring Data

• From 1979-2002: 19 full time Black Head Football Coaches were hired • Positions of Power:88 Percent of AD s

Coaching Assignments

Years 2003-2004 2000-2001 African Americans Student Athletes 44.3% 42.1% Assistant Coaches 16.9% 16.5% Head Coaches 2.9% 2.1% Athletic Directors 3.4% 2.9% White Years 2003-2004 2000-2001 Student Athletes 48.3% 49.3% Assistant Coaches 73.5% 74.6% Head Coaches 96% 96.9% Athletic Directors 88.5% 88.4%

College Head Coaches: Men’s Teams

2003-04

White Basketball 76.4% African American 23.2% Other 0.4% Football 96% 2.9% 1.1% Baseball 96.4% 0.9% 2.7%

2000-01

White African American Other Basketball 76.7% 22.9% 0.4% Football 96.9% 2.1% 1.0% Baseball 97.5% 0.0% 2.5%

Coaching Mobility: Developing New Models • • • • • •

Coaching Mobility Patterns Social, Educational, Athletic, and Career Background Coaching Subcultures Network Structures:

–

Career Mobility Models

•

Blalock Talent Avenue

•

Internal Mobility Careers: Labels Coaching Mobility Tied to Macro Level Variables Complex Organizational Theory

Career Mobility Patterns Sage & Loy, 1978 (Regional Hiring Practice) Social, Educational, Athletic and Career Backgrounds Latimer & Mathis, 1985 (66% of African American coaches attended college in home district.) Banks, 1979 (Identified Coaching Attributes) Coaching Subcultures Massengale, 1974 (Subculture As a Referral System) Network Structures Linkages Among Individuals: Net work ties Blalock Talent Model : Best person for the job Internal Mobility Careers: Label – mobility tied to success of coach

Black Coaching Career Models

• • • • Stem and Branch Structural Mobility Model: Develop Trees and Branches Talent Model: Previous Playing skills Personal Attribute: Leader skills, personality Networking Avenues: Ties to Other Coaches and Administrators

Turner Gill (UK)

Kevin Sumlin (Houston)

Mike Locksley (New Mexico)

Ken Niumatalolo (Naval Academy)

Mario Cristobal (Florida International)

Mike Haywood* (Miami of Ohio)

Ron English* (Eastern Michigan)

Dwayne Walker* (New Mexico State University)

Larry Porter* (Memphis)

Mike London* (Virginia)

Willie Taggart* (Western Kentucky)

Charlie Strong (Louisville)

Joker Phillips (Kentucky)

2003-2004 Offensive Coordinator Defensive Coordinator All Other Assistants Graduate Assistants 164 827 231 Division 1-A Black Coaches by Position Assignment (2003-2004 Season) White African American Asian Hispani c Native America n Other 164 11 3 0 0 0 17 355 54 2 6 2 0 10 4 0 4 0 1 8 2

Position

Quarterbacks Offensive Line Receivers Running Backs Tight End Defensive Line Linebackers Secondary Special Teams Division 1-A Black Coaches by Position Assignment (1995 Season)

Total No.

7 4 51 49 7 41 21 31 2

Offensive and Defensive Coordinators (n= 244): 2007 •

26 ( 10.7 %) African American

•

4 (1.6 %) Latino men

•

2 (.8 %) Asian men

BCA Research Design: 2009

• • • • • Number of communications with BCA and or MOIC regarding candidates of color Number of people of color on hiring committee/ total number of people of color involved in the hiring process Number of candidates of color provided with an official interview/ total number of official interviews Reasonable time frame for search and hiring process Adherence to Institutional AA hiring Policies

Social Justice Initiatives

• • • • • •

NCAA Leadership for Ethnic Minority Males (2001-2002) NCAA Internship Black Coaches Association Rainbow Coalition for Fairness in Athletics (est. 1992) Black Women in Sports Foundation (founded in 1992) NCAA: Certification Program’s Second Cycle

Student- Athletes

Academic Major: Freedom To Select?

Athletes Choose Majors To Accommodate Sports ( Fall, 2006) • • • NCAA Survey: 20,000 student athletes 32% of football and men’s basketball players ( NCAA 1) said their athletic participation prevented them from majoring in what they really wanted.

69% of the major college football and basketball players said their professors viewed them, “ more as an athlete than as a student”

Do Athletes tend to cluster by academic major?

• • • Most popular major for football players: business, communications, criminal justice, sociology, sport management (Jan. 2003) Georgia Tech.: 56% football players major in: Management University of Iowa: 20% of football players major in: Business

Jock Majors: Football Bowl Teams (Suggs,2003) • • • • • Texas A&M: About 25% of the players study agriculture development or Agr. And life Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology: 56 % major in management(11% 0f the University major in this field) WVU: 18% ACE WVU: 8% Sport Management What are the Issues?

Academic Major Selection: Some Possible Factors • • • • Course Availability ( classes offered between 1:00 P.M and 3:00 P.M.): conflict with practice sessions Student teaching expectations Labs (evening or weekends): conflict with practice sessions.

Very selective academic majors: enrollment management.

A Look Inside The Classroom

Black Athletes and White Professors • • • • • Overlooking Lower Expectations Cutting Off Intensified Scrutiny Negative Comments

Micro aggression :

• • • • Invisible in the classroom Racial Segregation- Study groups Social Events Need for Counter Space!

Looking Towards The Future

• • • “Big Time College Athletics” Move Towards Equal Outcomes for All Student Athletes Increased in the number of other ethnic minorities( coaches, staff, student-athletes) on campus.

Future Issues and Concerns: A Move Towards Equality of Outcomes • • • Reduce length of playing season, practice sessions and tournament play Freshmen ineligible to play Athletic Department academic advisers report to academic dean or Provost Office