Transcript Biology Project(Pollution)

Biology Project(Pollution)
Presented by
Lee Kwan Yeung
Ho Wai Kit
Ma Sui Long
Wong Ka Lok
Chan Tak Ho
Wong Kin Yan
Content
The definition of pollution:
•The general definition
•The definition about land pollutions
The cause of the pollution
•The causes of soil erosion
Sources of Land Pollution in Hong Kong
The economic lose cause by the pollution
•Rubbish
•Landfill
•The spending on solving the land pollution
The damage cause by the pollution
•The damage of the soil erosion
•The problem cause by the landfill side
The method to solve the pollution
What is pollution??
Pollution is the release of environmental pollutants.
The major forms of pollution include:
•Air pollution: The release of chemicals and
particulates into the atmosphere.
•Water pollution: The large set of adverse effects upon
water (lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater) caused by
human activities.
•Noise pollution: The displeasing human- or machinecreated sound that disrupts the environment.
•Land pollution : The presence of man made
chemicals or other alteration to the natural soil
environment.
What is land pollution??
Land pollution occurs when there is some chemical
leak to the soil which cause harm to the soil
Like other pollution, human have already give out
land pollutant since the history began. At that time it
wasn’t very affect the ecosystem
However, starting for 20th century, human are able
to create a lot of chemical. These chemical is
harmful the ecosystem.
So we have to reduce the land pollution now
The causes of soil erosion
This happens in many ways
• draining of fens and bogs
• the introduction and intensification of agriculture.
1. Over farming of the agricultural land
2. Chemical fertilizers change the water
holding capacity
All this
• lower the stability
• makes soil more mobile
• More easy to be corroded by wind and water.
Sources of Land Pollution in Hong Kong
Hong Kong generates different types of
wastes everyday .Some common wastes
including construction wastes ,chemical
wastes ,Municipal Solid Wastes .Others like
clinical wastes etc. These wastes will pollute
the lands seriously .
The vast majority of the wastes in Hong Kong are mainly
come from households ,industries and commercial areas .All
these wastes will transfer to different landfill sites in Hong
Kong .The landfill sites in Hong Kong are almost
running out .
According to Environmental Protection Department (EPD)’s
statistical result,
the quantities of major types of solid waste disposed of in
1991-2005 are shown below :
Others wastes like construction wastes ,
chemical wastes etc. are also a main
source of land pollution in Hong Kong .So
,we need to do something to solve the
problem of running out of landfill sites and
the problem of the serious land pollution in
Hong Kong .
The economic lose cause by the pollution
Rubbish
＊according to the information in 2003 from EPD
＊17760metric ton is being handled everyday
＊the government needs to spend 7million to
handle the rubbish everyday
＊therefore, 1.5billion is spent each year
Landfill
＊in order to solve the rubbish problem , the
government build up many landfills to handle the
rubbish
＊the cost of construction and operation on
landfills is 125 dollars per metric ton
＊In 2002, 7.7 billions metric ton of rubbish had
been handled.
＊until now, 9 billions has been spent for construct
and operation on landfills
The spending on solving the land
pollution
＊The suggestion from DAB party, in order to
solve the rubbish problem, the government
needs to spend 6.28 billion to overcome it
＊although the government can get profit after
a decade, disposal of the waste need
6.28billion Hong Kong dollar .From this, we can
know that the land pollution in HK is very
serious and causes huge economic loss
The damage cause by soil
erosion
This happens in many ways
•More land become desert
•Make the living things loss
their habitat
•Great decrease in the number
of living organism
•A lot of organism extinct
•Affect the climate
What are the problems caused by the landfill sites???
1. Fire and explosion
2. Inhalation of toxic gases
3. Disease carried by the
insect
4. Cause water pollution
5. Damage to plant and
wildlife habitats
6. Decrease of living
standard of the nearby
people
7. Waste land rescouces
Solution of land pollution
Recycling of plastic
Disposal of plastics by way of landfill
or incineration is a waste of useful
resources. Such wastage may be
reduced by recycling.
•Direct recycling
Advantages of direct recycling
1. Reduces air pollution due to the incineration of
plastics
2. Less dumping area is required and therefore saves
more lands for other uses.
3. Reduces the use of petroleum.
4Rs’ Method

Reuse or recycling of paper
- Waste paper is recycled to produce corrugated cardboard
and paper board.
- Recycling of paper can help to minimize waste and save
resources, especially the tree.
•
Reuse or Recycling of metals.
- Some metal articles, such as furniture, kitchen
ware, aluminium foils, etc. can be reused.
- Metal wastes can be recycled by melting and
using them again.
- Recycling of metals is important because
mineral resources are limited but they are high
demand.
• Reduce solid waste
e.g. newspaper , aluminium cans, glass containers
and certain plastic items
Computer Pollutant
▪Some material inside the computer such as Lead ,will pollute the
land. Then will cause other ecological problems
▪The computer will become outdate very fast ( about three years) It
means the number of electronic wastes are increasing.
. The size of computer is big and uses up many spaces
Plastic pollutant
▪Plastics are not digestible . The plastics will not
decompose under the sunlight. Therefore, they can last
for a long period in the environment.
▪Some plastic products, such as tire is very big. It used up
many spaces .Also, the use of plastic products are very
high and cause land pollution.
▪It is expensive and difficult to recycle the plastics .