Transcript PowerPoint

Social development
from a post2015
global perspective
Ralf Ekebom, Ministerial Adviser
Ministry of Social Affairs and Health
Finland
Our Common Future
1987
 Sustainable development is development
that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
Source: A/42/427. Our Common Future.
Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development
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Rio Declaration on Environment
and Development
1992
Principle 1
 Human beings are at the centre of
concerns for sustainable development.
They are entitled to a healthy and
productive life in harmony with nature.
Source: A/CONF.151/26 (Vol. I)
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The term socially
sustainable development
… captures this more integrative perspective on
development, if by “socially” we understand …
1. not only aspects related to protection and
needs but also the transformation of
fundamentally unjust or unequal social (and
power) relations
2. the ways that progressive change is reproduced
through socially embedded or responsive
institutions
Source: Peter Utting, Social and Solidarity Economy: A Pathway to Socially Sustainable Development?
UNRISD 29 Apr 2013
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Importance of institutions
 Central to our theory is the link between
inclusive economic and political institutions
and prosperity.
 Inclusive economic institutions that enforce
property rights, create a level playing field
and encourage investments in new
technologies and skills are more conducive
to economic growth than … institutions that
are structured to extract resources from the
many by the few…
Source: Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty by Daron Acemoglu, James Robinson 2012
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What is Development?
There is a fundamental distinction between
 ‘development’ as the improved well-being of the
individuals in a given society and
 ‘development’ as a process affecting ‘societies’ and/or
nation states… in which the entity experiencing the
development is not an individual but instead a society.
Source: Lant Pritchett, Michael Woolcock and Matt Andrews: Looking Like a State: Techniques of Persistent
Failure in State Capability for Implementation. UNU-Wider Working Paper No. 2012/63
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Three Dimensions of SuDe
Ecologic
Social
Economic
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Towards a Sustainable Well-being Society
Sitra April 2013
Adopted from: Eeva Hellström, Sustainable Economy Forum
Towards a Sustainable Society
Society is a complex structure
From Wikimedia Commons; © Jorge Royan
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Towards a Sustainable Society
Services
Resources
Towards a Sustainable Society
Culture
Infrastructure
Unsustainable - what is it?
 Market failures & Externalized costs
 Corruption, Tax evasion & Erosion
of trust
 Collapse of financial system
 Civil conflicts & Failed states
============================
 Overfishing & Depletion of seas
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Failed / Fragile States
The OECD definition of fragility
 A fragile region or state has weak capacity to carry out basic
governance functions, and lacks the ability to develop
mutually constructive relations with society.
 Fragile states are also more vulnerable to internal or external
shocks such as economic crises or natural disasters.
 More resilient states exhibit the capacity and legitimacy of
governing a population and its territory. They can manage and
adapt to changing social needs and expectations, shifts in elite
and other political agreements, and growing institutional
complexity.
 Fragility and resilience should be seen as shifting points along
a spectrum.
Source: Fragile states 2013: Resource flows and trends in a shifting world – © OECD 2012
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Failed States Index
by Fund for Peace
Source: http://ffp.statesindex.org/
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Post2015 Focus Areas
OWG on Sustainable Development Goals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Poverty eradication;
Food security and nutrition;
Health and population dynamics;
Education;
Gender equality and women's
empowerment;
6. Water and sanitation;
7. Energy;
8. Economic growth;
9. Industrialization;
10. Infrastructure;
11. Employment and decent work for
all;
12. Promoting equality;
13. Sustainable cities and human
settlements;
14. Sustainable consumption and
production;
15. Climate;
16. Marine resources, oceans and
seas;
17. Ecosystems and biodiversity,
18. Means of implementation;
19. Peaceful and non-violent
societies, capable institutions.
Co-Chairs of the UN Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals 21 Feb 2014
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Post2015 Focus Areas - Proposed Clusters
Cluster 1
 Poverty eradication
 Promote equality
Cluster 2
 Gender equality and women’s
empowerment
 Education
 Employment and decent work for all
 Health and population dynamics
Cluster 3
 Water and sanitation
 Sustainable agriculture, food security, and
nutrition
Cluster 4
 Economic growth
 Industrialization
 Infrastructure
 Energy
Cluster 5
 Sustainable cities and human settlements
 Promote Sustainable Consumption and
Production
 Climate
Cluster 6
 Conservation and sustainable use of marine
resources, oceans and seas
 Ecosystems and biodiversity
Cluster 7
 Means of implementation/Global partnership
for sustainable development
Cluster 8
 Peaceful and non-violent societies, rule of
law and capable institutions
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‘The missing middle´Post 2015 Agenda: Sustainable Development Goals
 I am always surprised to see how much time we and others are spending
on discussing goals and on identifying and developing indicators or
indices of measuring the attainment of these goals – and how little time
(if any) we devote to discussing the middle part, i.e. how to get from the
goals to achieving the impact.
 There exists a serious problem that I have started calling ‘the missing
middle’: international negotiations and agreement on who is expected to
contribute what…
 Certainly, setting goals has a certain value…Yet, the most important
shortcoming of the current discussions on the Post-2015 Agenda is the
missing middle part…
 I think it is high time to refocus the discussion on the required means;
and when I say ‘means I mean more than finance…
Source: Inge Kaul, Adjunct professor, Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, Germany / e-mail 28.2.2014 10:16
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Development as a four-fold
Modernization Process
ADMINISTRATION
Rational, professional organizations
SOCIETY
Equal social rights, opportunities
POLITY
Accurate preference aggregation
ECONOMY
Enhanced productivity
Source: Lant Pritchett, Michael Woolcock and Matt Andrews: Looking Like a State: Techniques of Persistent
Failure in State Capability for Implementation. UNU-Wider Working Paper No. 2012/63
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World Summit for Social Development
Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995
 The ultimate goal of social development is to improve
and enhance the quality of life of all people.
 It requires democratic institutions, respect for all human
rights and fundamental freedoms, increased and equal
economic opportunities, the rule of law, the promotion of
respect for cultural diversity and the rights of persons
belonging to minorities, and an active involvement of civil
society.
 Empowerment and participation are essential for
democracy, harmony and social development …Gender
equality and equity and the full participation of women in
all economic, social and political activities are essential.
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10 Commitments of the
Copenhagen Declaration
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Create an economic, political, social, cultural and legal environment that
will enable people to achieve social development;
Eradicate absolute poverty by a target date to be set by each country
Support full employment as a basic policy goal
Promote social integration based on the enhancement and protection of
all human rights;
Achieve equality and equity between women and men;
Attain universal and equitable access to education and primary health
care
Accelerate the development of Africa and the least developed countries;
Ensure that structural adjustment programmes include social
development goals;
Increase resources allocated to social development
Strengthen cooperation for social development through the UN.
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The High Level Panel on the
Post-2015 Development Agenda
 People care no less about sound institutions than they do
about preventing illness or ensuring that their children can
read and write ...
 Good institutions are, in fact, the essential building blocks of
a prosperous and sustainable future.
 The rule of law, freedom of speech and the media, open
political choice and active citizen participation, access to
justice, non-discriminatory and accountable governments and
public institutions help drive development and have their own
intrinsic value.
 They are both means to an end and an end in themselves.
Source: A New Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies through Sustainable Development;
May 2013
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The High Level Panel on the
Post-2015 Development Agenda
 Without sound institutions, there can be no chance
of sustainable development. The Panel believes
that creating them is a central part of the
transformation needed… to develop sustainably –
and that therefore institutions must be addressed
in the new development agenda.
 Societies organise their dialogues through
institutions.
 Internationally, too, institutions are important
channels of dialogue and cooperation.
Source: A New Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies through Sustainable Development;
May 2013
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The pursuit of sustainable
development requires:
 a political system that secures effective citizen participation in
decision making
 an economic system that is able to generate surpluses and
technical knowledge…
 a social system that provides for solutions for the tensions
arising from disharmonious development
 a production system that respects the obligation to preserve the
ecological base for development
 a technological system that can search continuously for new
solutions
 an international system that fosters sustainable patterns of trade
and finance, and
 an administrative system that is flexible and has the capacity for
self-correction.
Source: A/42/427. Our Common Future. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development
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Our Common Future; Conclusion
 These requirements are more in the
nature of goals that should underlie
national and international action on
development
 What matters is the sincerity with which
these goals are pursued and the
effectiveness with which departures
from them are corrected
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Recommended reading
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