Transcript Diapositiva 1 - IRES - Istituto Ricerche Socio Economiche

Turin, October 7°, 2014
Seminar: Building the Città metropolitana:
international experiences and Italian perspectives
METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENTS IN ITALY:
A LIST OF ISSUES
The new metropolitan institutional arrangements outlined by
law n.56/2014 (the case of Turin)
Law n.56/2014 approved last April
states that metropolitan cities should
be created out of the provinces
covering the ten largest Italian cities
Mayor of Città
metropolitana
Law n.56/2014 states that the the
Città metroplitane will be governed by
three bodies: the Mayor, the
Metropolitan Council and the
Metropolitan conference
(concides with the Mayor of
the central city, Turin)
Metropolitan Council
(18 representatives of
municipalities)
They will be elected very soon, by
October the 12th, 2014
Metropolitan Conference
(315 Mayors of the
municipalities)
The Conference will approve the
new Statute of the Città
metropolitana proposed by the
Council
Basic demographic data
Population (2013)
Popul a tion growth 2003-2013
Number of
Core
Core
Total Città
Ci ties a nd urba n cycl e Communes muni ci pa l i ty metroplitana muni ci pa l i ty
-+
Bologna + +
Firenze + +
Genova - Milano + +
Napoli - Bari
Reggio Calabria
+-
++
Torino + +
Venezia - +
Total + +
Roma
Source: Istat
rest of
metroplitan
area
%
dens i ty
popul a tio
i nha bi tants
n i n the
/Km2
core
41
313213
1246297
-0,6
2,1
25,1
323
56
380635
990681
2
6,9
38,4
268
42
366039
987354
3,7
5,5
37,1
281
67
582320
851283
-3,7
-2,6
68,4
464
134
1262101
3075083
1,2
4,4
41
1952
92
959052
3055339
-4,9
-0,7
31,4
2592
97
180686
550323
0,2
-2,2
32,8
171
121
2638842
4039813
3,9
8,5
65,3
753
315
872091
2254720
1,2
3,8
38,7
330
44
259263
847983
-3,8
4,3
30,6
343
7814242 17898876
0,8
3,8
43,7
534
1009
A list of intertwined issues
Lack of clarity about the main goals to be attained through the
creation of the “Città metropolitane”
Amalgamation has always been considered an inappropriate
policy in Italy
In general, the objectives of the metropolitan reform are: (a) to
improve the planning process in order to promote economic
development (b) to lower the costs and improve the delivery of
local public services…
…but most of the political and mass media debate was focused
on the reduction of the number of politicians and the “cost of
politics”
Nowadays the risk is to underestimate the cost and/or
overestimate the benefits of cooperation among municipalities
Which is the optimal governance structure of
metropolitan areas in Italy? The peculiarity of Turin (1)
The ten metropolitan areas in Italy
The solution has to be found
through the Statutes
Highly differentiated in economic,
territorial and morphologic terms
Differences between large
metropolitan areas, midsized and
small size agglomerations, and rural
areas
Probably only four real metropolitan
areas according to the definitions of
the literature (Milan, Rome, Naples
and Turin)
This requires a differentiated
governance structure in the ten areas
In particular the peculiar
configuration of the Turinese area
requires the definitions of more
homogeneous sub-areas
No !!!
Città metropolitana as a… city of cities
Administrative borders of Provincia di Torino,
and Functional urban area identified by OECD
Fiscal issues
Still many hindrances to inter-municipal cooperation.
These are mainly due to the fiscal disparities inside the area and limited power
delegated to Città metropolitana in terms of tax assignments
Strategic plans become ineffective in implementing policies without the “power of the
purse”. Need for metropolitan tax base sharing, equalization schemes within
metropolitan areas, grants from the higher levels of government
Assessment of the fiscal interaction between central cities and their suburbs. There is a
growing attention to the possible introduction of tax instruments such as “entrance
fees” (e.g. in some of Italy’s renowned “Città d’arte”) or a commuter tax to reduce the
amount of externalities that suburbs and city users in general impose on central cities.
(we can mention Milan’s and London’s congestion fee as well)
Need for an indicator about the fiscal health of cities to be included in the rankings of
cities
Horizontal cooperation and the phases
of urban development: a tentative framework
Economic growth
Industrialization
Urban growth
Main issues
for HC
Urbanization
Economies of scale
and scope in the
provision of local
public services
Externalities /
Spillovers
suburbanization
Management of
relations
inside the area
Deindustrializatio
n
Further
Suburbanization
Economies of scale
and scope in the
provision of local
public services
Institutional
solutions
Amalgamation
Inter-communal or
supra-communal
models. Single and/or
multipurpose
governments
(structural and
functional solutions)
Same as above
Externalities /
Spillovers
deurbanization
Growth of the
service sector /
globalization
Management of
relations inside the
area
Deurbanization
Economic
development /
Urban competitive
position of the city
Reurbanization
Management of
relations outside the
area
Model of
governance which
replaces the
traditional forms of
government
(“joining up”,
policy integration,
PPP)
Further
remarks
Cooperation
mainly aimed at
the management
of the networked
metropolitan
services
Cooperation
mainly aimed at
land use planning
for an area vaster
than the one linked
to the urban
agglomeration
Enlarged concept of
cooperation for long
term strategic
planning
The product of
territorial
competition may be
considered a quasipublic good
2014
Tema monografico: area
metropolitana
Metro borders in Milano Genova Torino and
zoning in Torino area
EXTERNALITIES AND FISCAL HEALTH IN METRO AREAS:
COMMUTERS INFLOWS AND MUNICIPAL BALANCE SHEETS
peso % spesa netta per stima su spesa totale 2012
pnr giornaliera
(mln €)
Milano***
10
292
Napoli
7-8
104
119
Torino**
7-8
100
114
Genova
3-4
26
34
Firenze
6-7
39
45
Bari
7-8
27
31
FISCAL STRESS IN SELECTED AREAS
REVENUE CAPACITIES IN SELECTED AREAS:
CONGESTION CHARGE AND «ENTRANCE» FEES
Imposta di
soggiorno
Congestion
charge*
20,0
Incassi da
permessi Bus
turistici**
-
Milano
8,8
Napoli
2,0
-
Torino
3,1
-
Genova
1,4
-
Firenze
21,4
12,0
Bari
-
Source: 2012 municipal balance sheets. *Dati non
raccolti da conto consuntivo. Fonte Open data area C
comune Milano
**fonte rapporto Isfort Anav 2013
-
FISCAL COOPERATION: BUILDING PERMIT FEES 20012004 AND LAND CONSUMPTION (PIEDMONT DATA)