Animal Contributions to Human Needs
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Transcript Animal Contributions to Human Needs
Animal Contributions to
Human Needs
What animals are used for
production purposes?
SCIENCE
a process through which nature is
STUDIED, DISCOVERED, and
UNDERSTOOD.
Animal Science
The
PROCESS through which
LIVESTOCK ANIMALS are
STUDIED and
UNDERSTOOD.
Animal Science
Involves BREEDING, feeding, care
and MANAGEMENT of animals;
MARKETING and PROCESSING
of animals and their PRODUCTS
based on knowledge gained
through practical EXPERIENCE
and RESEARCH.
Domestication
To
adapt an animal for human
use
Five requirements for
domestication
1.The animal is VALUED and there are
clear PURPOSES for which it is kept.
2.The animal’s BREEDING is subject to
human control.
3.The animal’s SURVIVAL depends upon
humans.
Five requirements for
domestication
4.The animal’s BEHAVIOR (psychology)
is changed in domestication.
5.Morphological (STRUCTURAL)
characteristics have appeared which occur
rarely if at all in the wild.
Wild animal
not
GENETICALLY altered by
artificial selection for use by
humans
Example
Tame wild animal
a
wild animal that, through
intervention of man, has
adapted BEHAVIORALLY so
as to be useful to humans.
Example
Exotic animal
a
wild animal belonging to a
species whose historic native
range lies totally outside
NORTH AMERICA
Example
Domestic animal
an
animal that has been
genetically altered from the
original wild species for use by
humans through ARTIFICIAL
SELECTION
Example
Feral animal
a
DOMESTIC animal that lives
in the WILD with no human
assistance
Example
Feral population
a
REPRODUCING group of
FERAL animals
Example
Species
a
group of closely related
animals that can
INTERBREED and produce
FERTILE offspring
Example
Breed
animals
of common ORIGIN
with characteristics that
distinguish them from other
groups within the same
SPECIES
Example
Type
animals
of the same SPECIES
that are grouped together
based on the PRODUCTS
they produce
Example
Scientific Names of
Domesticated Livestock
Animals
Genus species
European Cattle
Bos
taurus
Indian Cattle
Bos
indicus
Sheep
Ovis
aries
Goats
Capra
hircus
Swine
Sus
scrofa
domesticus
Horse
Equus
caballus
Donkey
Equus
asinus
Rabbit
Oryctolagus
cuniculus
Llama
Llama
glama
Alpaca
Llama
pacos
Dog
Canis
familiaris
Cat
Felis
catus
Chicken
Gallus
domesticus
Turkey
Meleagris
gallopavo
Duck
Anas
platyrhyncha
Goose
Anser
anser
Terms of Domesticated
Animals
Cattle Terminology
Species
Bovine
Cattle Terminology
Group
Herd
Cattle Terminology
Adult
Male
Bull
Cattle Terminology
Adult
Female
Cow
Cattle Terminology
Young
Bull
Male
Calf
Cattle Terminology
Young
Female
Heifer
Calf
Cattle Terminology
Newborn
Calf
Cattle Terminology
Castrated
Bullock
Male
or Steer
Cattle Terminology
Offspring
Calf
w/Dam
at Foot or Suckling
Cattle Terminology
Birthing
Calving
Cattle Terminology
Mating
Serving
Sheep Terminology
Species
Ovine
Sheep Terminology
Group
Flock
Sheep Terminology
Adult
Male
Ram,
Buck, or Tup
Sheep Terminology
Adult
Female
Ewe
Sheep Terminology
Young
Ram
Male
Lamb or Buck Lamb
Sheep Terminology
Young
Ewe
Female
Lamb
Sheep Terminology
Newborn
Lamb
Sheep Terminology
Castrated
Wether
Male
Sheep Terminology
Offspring
w/Dam
Suckling
Sheep Terminology
Birthing
Lambing
Sheep Terminology
Mating
Tupping
Goats Terminology
Species
Caprine
Goats Terminology
Group
Flock
or Band
Goats Terminology
Adult
Male
Buck
or Billy
Goats Terminology
Adult
Female
Doe
or Nanny
Goats Terminology
Young
Male
Buckling
Goats Terminology
Young
Female
Goatling
Goats Terminology
Newborn
Kid
Goats Terminology
Castrated
Wether
Male
Goats Terminology
Offspring
w/Dam
Suckling
Goats Terminology
Birthing
Kidding
Goats Terminology
Mating
Serving
Swine Terminology
Species
Swine
or Sus
Swine Terminology
Group
Drove
Swine Terminology
Adult
Male
Boar
Swine Terminology
Adult
Female
Sow
Swine Terminology
Young
Boar
Male
Pig or Boarling
Swine Terminology
Young
Gilt
Female
Swine Terminology
Newborn
Pig,
Piglet, Pigling
Swine Terminology
Castrated
Barrow,
Male
Stag, Hog
Swine Terminology
Offspring
w/Dam
Suckling
Swine Terminology
Birthing
Farrowing
Swine Terminology
Mating
Coupling
Poultry Terminology
Species
Gallus
Poultry Terminology
Group
Flock
Poultry Terminology
Adult
Male
Rooster,
Cock
Poultry Terminology
Adult
Female
Hen
Poultry Terminology
Young
Male
Cockerel
Poultry Terminology
Young
Female
Pullet
Poultry Terminology
Newborn
Chick
Poultry Terminology
Castrated
Capon
Male
Poultry Terminology
Offspring
Clutch,
w/Dam
Brood
Poultry Terminology
Birthing
Hatching
Poultry Terminology
Mating
?????
Horse Terminology
Species
Equine
Horse Terminology
Group
Herd,
Band, etc.
Horse Terminology
Adult
Male
Stallion
Horse Terminology
Adult
Female
Mare
Horse Terminology
Young
Colt
Male
Horse Terminology
Young
Filly
Female
Horse Terminology
Newborn
Foal
Horse Terminology
Castrated
Gelding
Male
Horse Terminology
Offspring
w/Dam
Suckling
or Foal at Side
Horse Terminology
Birthing
Foaling
Horse Terminology
Mating
Serving
Functions of Livestock
Product- an actual material provided by
an animal that can be bought, sold, or
used
Service- a work provided by an animal
Functions of Livestock
Food
Clothing
Power
Recreation
Food
Meat
Eggs
Milk
Honey
Clothing
Wool
Leather
Hair/Fur
Feathers
Power
Horses
Mules, Donkeys, Burros
Llamas, Alpacas
Oxen, Water buffalo, reindeer, yak,
camels
Recreation
Pleasure Horses
Purebred Herds and Flocks
Livestock Exhibitions, Shows, Rodeos
Horse Racing
Mainstream Domestic Animals
Dairy Cattle
Beef Cattle
Sheep (Wool, Meat, Dairy)
Swine
Goats (Mohair, Milk, Meat, Cashmere)
Horses, Mules, Donkeys, etc
Poultry
Non-Traditional Domestic Animals
Ostrich & Emu
Deer and Elk
Bison
Aquaculture
Llamas and Alpacas
Alligators
Rare Breeds of Domestic Animals
Types of Livestock
Cattle
Beef Type
Dairy Type
Dual Purpose
Multi-Purpose
Sheep
Wool type
Fine
Medium
Long
Colored
Meat or Mutton type
Dual Purpose
Dairy Type
Swine
Lard Type
Bacon Type
Meat Type
Horses
Draft Type
Racing
Ranch Work/Stock Horse
Trotting
Pacers
Poultry
Eggs (Layers)
Meat (Broilers)
Ornamental
Cock Fighting
Why Farmers Use Livestock
Converts feed to meat; feed generally
brings more money when marketed
through livestock
Utilizes labor the year around
Allows for greater production capacity and
increases opportunity for making profits
Helps maintain fertility of the land
Why Farmers Use Livestock
May more fully utilize capital, machinery
and wasteland (range).
Utilizes roughage that can’t readily be sold
(poor hay, corn stalks, straw, etc.)
Diversifies that farm and/or ranch
Personal satisfaction of working with
domesticated animals
Animal Protein
Animal proteins are superior to vegetable
proteins for humans
Animal proteins have improved amino acid
balance over vegetable protein
Producing animals for meat, mike, eggs,
etc. is not as efficient as compared to
cereal grains produced for humans alone
Ruminants
Have a four compartment stomach
Can digest roughages
Manufacture essential amino acids and
energy
Examples include:
Cattle
Sheep
Goats
Non-ruminants (Monogastric)
Have a single compartment stomach
Need supplementary sources of amino
acids and vitamins
Examples include:
Swine
Poultry
Horses
Contributions to Food Needs
Vegetarianism -- started in India, due to
long-term population pressure and scarcity
of feed and forage for animals -- also
religious concerns; all life is sacred.
Rising Population Pressures -- particularly
in developing regions force people to
consume foods of plant origin
Contributions to food Needs
Classification:
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
% Animal
Dietary
Energy
% Animal
Protein of
Total Protein
25
7
55
21
Contributions to Food Needs
Meat -- is important in diet; excellent
balance of amino acids, vitamins and
especially Vitamin B12
Milk -- approximately 90% of milk for
human consumption in the world comes
from cattle
Over 85% of the world population desires
food of animal origin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Vegan
Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian
Vegetarian
Lacto Vegetarian
Ovo Vegetarian
Raw Vegan
Pescatarian
Flexitarian
Pollo Vegetarians
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Vegan: No animal products at all
Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian: no meat, milk,
eggs
Vegetarian: no meat
Lacto Vegetarian: no meat or milk
Ovo Vegetarian: no meat or eggs
Raw Vegan: only raw, uncooked
vegetables and fruits
Pescatarian: Will eat fish, no other
meat
Flexitarian: Occasionally eats meat
Pollo Vegetarians: Eats poultry, no
other meat
Calories of cultural or Fossil Fuel
expended per calorie of food
Hunting Game
Soybeans
Range Lamb
Corn
Range Beef
.1-.2
.2-.5
.3-.4
.4-.5
.5-.6
Coastal Fishing
Poultry
Hogs
Farm Forage Beef
Feedlot Beef
.9-1.1
1.5-2.0
2.5-3.2
3.0-4.0
10.5-12.0
Feed Conversion Values
For each 1lb of gain, each animal eats
Sheep
Cattle
Swine
Turkeys
Chicken
5-7 lbs
7-8 lbs
3.0-3.5 lbs
3.0-3.5 lbs
2
Livestock Feed Consumption
Range/Pasture 34%
Processed Feed 7%
Feed Grain 26%
Hay
32%
Wheat 1%
Range/Pasture
Hay
Feed Grains
Wheat
Processed
Feeds
US Livestock Producers- 1996
Beef
Swine
Chickens
Dairy
Horses
Ducks/Geese
Goats (milk)
Goats (angora)
55.4%
11.9%
10.9%
8.5%
5.4%
2.4%
.9%
.3%
909,100
182,700
179,200
140,100
88,400
39,600
15,400
5,400
Top States in Beef Production
1. Texas
2. Kansas
3. Nebraska
4. Oklahoma
5. California
Utah’s Rank 28th
Top States in Dairy Production
1. California
2. Wisconsin
3. New York
4. Pennsylvania
5. Michigan
Utah’s Rank 25th
Top States in Sheep Production
1. Texas
2. California
3. Wyoming
4. Colorado
5. South Dakota
Utah’s Rank 7th
Top States in Goat Production
1. Texas
2. New Mexico
3. Arizona
4. Oklahoma
5. California
Utah’s Rank ?
Top States in Swine Production
1. Iowa
2. North Carolina
3. Michigan
4. Illinois
5. Indiana
Utah’s Rank 20th
Top States in Layers Production
1. California
2. Ohio
3. Indiana
4. Pennsylvania
5. Iowa
Utah’s Rank 33rd
Top States in Broiler Production
1. Arkansas
2. Georgia
3. Alabama
4. North Carolina
5. Mississippi
Utah’s Rank ??
Top States in Turkey Production
1. North Carolina
2. Minnesota
3. Arkansas
4. Missouri
5. California
Utah’s Rank 14th
Number of Farms and Ranches
1. Texas
2. Missouri
3. Iowa
4. Kentucky
5. Minnesota
Utah’s Rank 36th
Land in Farms and Ranches
1. Texas
2. Montana
3. Kansas
4. Nebraska
5. New Mexico
Utah’s Rank 28th
Utah’s Rank in Other Areas
Mink Production 2nd
Trout Production 6th
Honey Production 24th