Transcript AP World History

ERA IV
Please pick up an ERA IV packet
from the front and have a seat
THURSDAY MAY 5TH - ONE WEEK LEFT!
Agenda for the day:
- Notes on Era IV
-
Era IV exams back – test correction assignment
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Practice Multiple Choice Exams
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Work on Era III, IV and V
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Quizzes back from throughout the school year
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HOMEWORK: STUDY FOR THE EXAM!
* GET READY TO TAKE NOTES!
WHY 1750?
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Continuities:
 France – absolute rule
 China – sense of cultural superiority
 Societies divided by race
Changes:
 French Revolution
 End of Japanese isolation and beginning of
rapid modernization
1750 - 1914
 Rise
of the West  Imperialism
 Industrialization
 Enlightenment  Political reform
 Nationalism
 Ethnocentrism
 Urbanization
•
Rapid change
•
Telegraph, telephone, radio, postal
system, steamship, railroad
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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Began in Great Britain in mid 1700s
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deposits of coal, enclosure movement
Improved farming techniques  population
moved to cities with increased industrial jobs
New sources of energy – steam engine
 New methods – factory model
 New inventions – textile industry (weaving)
 New class system – working class “proletariat”
 New desire – for raw materials, natural resources
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WORLD TRADE
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Manufactured goods in the west
Needed raw materials to produce them
 Railroad allows exploitation of natural resources
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Atlantic World
Plantation system, exploitation of newly independent
Latin American nations
 Large plantation crops based on needs of West
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Islamic World Trade decreased
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Sugar, coffee, cotton, cacao
Ottoman empire weakened
China opened up to Europe
SUEZ CANAL
Suez canal opened in 1869
British take control by 1882
ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
Effects on Africa
 Population loss
 Relied on importation of foreign goods
 Weakens internal development
 Coastal kingdoms – ruled by warlords
 Economic slump at end of slave trade
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End of Trans-Atlantic slave trade
Cost – too expensive
Moral, ethical, religious reasons
1807 – slavery illegal in Great Britain
Abolitionist movement
 Blockade of west African coast
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END OF SLAVE TRADE
British patrol supervising W Coast
 Slave trade shifts east
 Rise of legitimate slave trade (palm oil, rubber)
 Secondary kingdoms form
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Africa starts to reform (1850’s) to combat the
West
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Egypt, Ethiopia and Sokoto Claiphate
New states form- zulu
RISE OF WESTERN DOMINANCE
Scramble for Africa
Berlin Conference 1884
IMPERIALISM AND
COLONIALISM
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Causes: industrialization, wealth, transportation
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Economic imperialism
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Military power
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Population growth and expansion
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Science and technology
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Racial superiority – Social Darwinism
BRITISH IN INDIA
Raw materials to Britain, finished back to India
 Textile industry
 Spread of Christianity
 Upper castes – English language and culture
 Railroads, canals, urbanization
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“Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire
EUROPE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Singapore – trading center, naval base  British
 Burma  British
 Hong Kong  British
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Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)  French
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Indonesia  Dutch
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Thailand  remained independent (leader and luck)
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Philippines  US annexation after Spanish out
NEW POLITICAL IDEAS
Rise of Nationalism
 Growth of Nation-states/ empires
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ENLIGHTENMENT
REVOLUTION
TO
 Enlightenment
philosophies inspired revolutions
in North America, France and Haiti
 Latin American independence
 Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil
United States (1776)
 France (1789)
 Haiti (1803)
 Mexico (1910)
 China (1911)
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movements
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
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Colonies frustrated with mercantile policy of G.B.
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“taxation without representation”
Inspired by Enlightenment – national identity
 Protest, boycotts, violence
 Declaration of Independence – 1776
 Alliance with Britain’s enemies (French)
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Independence movement  uprising against
imperial power
 Sent precedence for later colonies
 Ideas from revolution spread worldwide
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FRENCH REVOLUTION
High taxes, high prices = unhappy peasantry
 Ineffective king – spending too much!
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Phases of revolutionary “fever”
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Results:
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Popular government failed – Napoleon as dictator
Eliminated absolute monarchy
Gave voice to needs of people
Starts trend of greater representation
Inspires later revolutions
HAITIAN REVOLUTION
Enlightenment ideas, French Revolution
 Slave uprising
Toussaint
 Mercantilist policy
L’Ouverture
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Outcome:
- Independence declared in 1804
- First nation in L. America
- French pull back from colonies
MEXICAN REVOLUTION
Inspired by Haiti
 Spain at war with France
 Mestizo/Native Americans
rebellion and revolt
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Demanded reforms
 Dictatorship
 Civil war
 Constitution and election
by 1917
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LATIN AMERICAN
INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS
Growing sense of national identity
 Resentment of Spanish/Portuguese economic policies
 Frustration of American-born Creole upper and middle
class – would never be seen as equal to European-born
 Confusion in Europe over leadership
 Rise of dictatorial/military rule
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Caudillos – military strongmen
Social and racial divisions
Foreign influence
CHINESE REVOLUTION
Increasing power of foreign nations
 Boxer and Taiping Rebellions
 Defeat to Japanese in Sino-Japanese war
 Discontent of rural poor peasants
 Qing- oppressive rule, losing territory
Revolution  chaos, civil war  Republic in 1927
Nationalist/Kuomintang Party
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Dr. Sun Yat Sen
JAPAN
Highly ethnocentric, self-involved
 Did not allow travel abroad
 Commodore Perry – 1853
 Isolation led to military/economic disadvantage
 Organized Japanese nationalists  Meiji Restoration
 Westernization
 Built up industry/military
 Sino-Japanese War 1895
 Russo-Japanese War 1904
 Nationalism, imperialism
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OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Foreigners at borders
 Declining slowly
 Military and financial support from Britain and France
 Corrupt government
 Tanzimat Reforms – alienate conservatives
 British gain control of region
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RUSSIA
Absolute power to czars in order to keep control
 Secret police used to root out rebellion
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1860s – Alexander II – Emancipation Edict to abolish
serfdom
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Given small plots of land, huge payments to government,
moved to cities to work in industry
Russian language/Orthodox Christianity  culture
 Protestors ask for reform from the czar – Bloody
Sunday 1905
Legislative reforms, Prime Minister
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CHANGES IN SOCIAL AND
GENDER STRUCTURE
Industrial Revolution
 Commercial developments
 Tension between work patterns and ideas about gender
 Emancipation of serfs and slaves
 Women’s emancipation movements
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DEMOGRAPHIC AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
 End
of Atlantic Slave Trade
 Migration – immigration
 New birthrate patterns
 Disease prevention and eradication
 Food supply