Transcript Slide 1

Dr Halilu Ahmad Shaba
[email protected]
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Introduction
Disaster management
Disaster scenario
Disaster management cycle
Characteristics of disaster
Space application for disaster management
Some applications
Nigerian Space Asset
UNSPIDER
International Charter
Advantages of Space Applications
Conclusions
 DISASTER
A serious disruption of the functioning of a society
with widespread human, material, or environmental
losses which exceed the ability of affected society
to cope using only its own resources. (UNDP)
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Disaster = Hazard + Vulnerability
 Disaster
Management is the
systematic
observation
and
analysis of disasters to improve
measures relating to prevention,
mitigation,
preparedness,
emergency
response
and
recovery.
Disaster management
• The range of actvities, prior and after the
disaster, designed to maintain control over
disasters and to provide a framework for
helping at-risk persons and/or communities to
avoid, minimize or recover from the impact of
disaster.
DM cycle- 2
• Prevention
• Preparedness
• Relief
• Rehabilitation
• Reconstruction
Another DM Cycle
• Preparedness
• Mitigation
• Response
• Recovery
 What is it
 Where is it
 Why is it
 How is it …. Going on,
 Who is affected
 Note that all the questions deal with locations or relate
to it.
 Flood
 Earthquake
 Landslides
 Erosion
 Deforestation
 Fire
 What could also be people, infrastructures and
properties or environment and resources
 All related to locations and vulnerability can be due to proximity or
characteristics of the location.
 The points or areas of impact
 The area, the locality, the state, the country
 The whole state can not have flood, nor the country.
Not even the local government but a part.
 Here relate to the cause that could be answered by
the hazard types and most hazards are due to the
characteristic of the location or the magnitude of the
event is influenced by location – example of fire with
fodder, heat and oxygen, erosion with soils, slope,
kinetic energy of the rain and its duration, etc.
 How is it relate to trends and pattern, method
 This is basically related to proximity to disaster
 vulnerability
 Loss of life - How many, where to bury them, what environmental
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effect, where are there properties
Loss of properties- what property is seriously damaged, which
ones need to be relocated, which ones prevented effective
management and passages, which ones can be used for
evacuation, which ones are critical.
Injuries- where are the hospitals?
Loss and damage to infrastructures- evacuation route, power-line,
communication facilities affected.
Environmental degradations- what resources or part of
environment is affected and what would be the impact.
Poverty- economic aspects affected and the resources
Space-based Solutions …
Satellite communications help warn people who
are at risk, especially in remote areas
They help connect a disaster zone to the outside
world
Images from earth observing satellites help
assess the damage caused by disasters like
earthquakes, volcano eruptions, oil spills and
floods.
Global navigation satellite systems enable us to
obtain positional information on events that
have to be mapped
 Satellite data - a viable tool for experts to monitor emergencies,
identify risk areas and map the extent of a disaster
 An overview of the situation can be obtained quickly, as large
areas can be covered in one pass, indicating zones in danger
and those already affected
 And once the situation has returned to normal, satellite data
can be used to assess the damage, map affected regions and
help devise prevention plans for the future.
 It's about monitoring emergencies as they happen. It's about
keeping track of a flood, alerting coastguards to pollutants in
the water, detecting burning fires or assisting authorities in
rebuilding after disasters
 GPS - Global Positioning Systems
 GLONASS
 Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are space-based
radio positioning systems that provide 24 hour threedimensional position, velocity and time information to
suitably equipped users anywhere on or near the
surface of the Earth (and sometimes off the earth).
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are
extended GPS systems, providing users with sufficient
accuracy and integrity information to be useable for
critical navigation applications.
Information disseminations
 existing: NOAAH, GOES
 global day and night observations
 prediction/monitoring of hurricanes, typhoons,
tornadoes, volcanic eruptions
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Disaster Recovery, monitoring and preparation
Flooding
Fire Damage
Water Pollution Discharge: Storm Water Runoff
Coastal Mapping Monitoring and Bathymetry
Reconnaissance
Shipping Observation
Refugee Monitoring
Earthquakes
Communications for emergency management
 Emergency Monitoring, Response and Assessment
Similar to urban and suburban mapping, the high
resolution imagery can provide vital and accurate
inventory of asset and facility locations, evacuation
routes, and vulnerability evaluations. In addition, the
daily coverage will enable up-to-date monitoring
during events and damage assessments immediately
after.
 Increasing urbanization, forest clear-cutting, wetland and
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floodplain destruction, river channelization and changing
climate patterns are increasing the frequency and intensity of
floods.
High resolution multispectral imagery can display detailed
information concerning flooding and damage extent,
current knowledge of highway and bridge status can aid in
effective transport of relief supplies.
Flood boundaries can be measured
Individual buildings and parcel boundaries can be identified for
commercial and residential property damage assessment.
 Both high and low spatial resolution imagery can be
used before, during, and after a fire to measure fuel
potential, access, progress, extent, as well as damage
and financial loss.
Urban Fire Damage
 In developed areas, high spatial resolution satellite
imagery can serve as a valuable assessment tool both
before and after a fire.
 Multispectral imagery can help the user map vegetation
that could fuel a fire, and proximity to housing. After a fire,
the high resolution imagery shows the complete absence
of vegetation and total destruction of buildings.
 The combination of a digital terrain model and 1-meter
imagery illustrates the difficulty of navigating fire fighting
equipment and personnel through the steep terrain and
narrow roads.
Forest Fire Damage Assessment
 For forest fire damage assessment, high resolution
panchromatic imagery captures the fine detail in individual
tree crowns, while the 3-meter multispectral imagery can
be used to evaluate the health of the trees that survived.
 Satellite imageries can measure impervious surfaces
such as roofs, streets, and parking lots, and pervious
surfaces such as tree and grass covered areas
influencing urban flood.
 Coral reefs, sea-grass beds, mangroves, salt
marshes, chlorophyll, sedimentation, and development
activities can be accurately located, identified and
monitored.
Asaba
 Coastal areas can be evaluated for sensitivity and
suitability for siting ports, tourist facilities, aquaculture and
fisheries development.
 1-meter panchromatic imagery combined with the 3-5meter blue band shows even finer detail, such as
sandbars, channels, wave patterns and beach structures.
Both types of multispectral imagery can penetrate to
several meters in depth in areas with extremely clear,
non-turbid water. Using the imagery, near and offshore
shallow water depth contours can be created.
 Monitoring departing and arriving vessels at
commercial and military ports is an important factor in
intelligence surveillance. By using high-resolution
satellite imagery and Radar, details, such as specific
identification, classification (of both ship and cargo),
and arrival/departure times can be tracked.
Intelligence can also be gained from vehicles,
equipment, and cargo located on the surrounding
loading docks.
 Nigeria has deployed some
space assets:
a) Nigeriasat-1 : a LEO EO
satellite launched in 2003
 Images in 3 bands ; Green, Red
and NIR.
 32m resolution, 600km swath
width
 Part of the DMC constellation
offering daily revisit
 Has a nominal life span of
5years
 Nigeriasat-2 launched 17
August 2011
 An EO satellite with
enhanced features
 Carries 2.5m panchromatic,
5m multispectral and 32m
imaging payloads
 NigeriaSat X is built by
Nigerian Engineers with 22m
resolution
 Nigeriasat-1 has captured more
5000 images
 Some of the images have been
used in disaster related projects
e.g.
 Development of Early Warning
Systems for Food Security in
Nigeria
 Modelling Hydrologic and
Environmental Impact e.g.- Lake
Nyos Dam Failure on
Benue/Katsina-Ala Basin as
ongoing.
 Provide data as part of the DMC
for DM – Katrina and Tsunami
 Mapping of the Impact of Gully
Erosion in South East Nigeria
 Development of RS and GIS
Predictive Models for
Desertification Early Warning
 Nigeriasat-2 will produce higher
resolution imageries for similar
DM operations
Argentin
a
International
France
Crisis
Canad
a
India
International
Charter
ESA
UK
USA
Japan
Turkey
Algeria
Disaster
Monitoring
Constellation
Nigeria
China
 Nigcomsat-1- a
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communication satellite in
420E GEO launched 2007
Hybrid (quad band)
satellite
De-orbited
Primarily provides
communications services
Re Launched 19
December 2011
 Able to support required telecommunications in all
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phases of DM
Strategically positioned to relay information across
the globe
Ku- and Ka-bands bandwidth are readily available to
support DM traffic
Enhances interconnection with VSAT and USAT for
remote interconnectivity in the times of disaster
Local disaster management bodies are pursuing this
course
The door is also open to International bodies in
charge of DM intending to subscribe to GEO
communication service especially in Africa
 Learning facilities, schools, hospitals, etc are often destroyed in
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times of disasters.
Telemedicine is a solution to scarce health service times of
disaster.
Tele-education is a solution for learning in recovery stage of
such disaster
Nigcomsat-1 supports both tele-medicine and tele-education
Validated by the NASRDA Telemedicine and tele-education
projects.
 GNSS provides position,
velocity and timing
information for users.
 4 satellites provide 3-D
positioning
 GNSS is integrateable with
other systems like GIS, RS
and Comms to provide
enhanced services
 Its well position for the use
in the different phases of
DM
GNSS - GPS constellation
GPS Satellite availability in Abuja
 GNSS is used in Search
and Rescue and relief
efforts
 Enable prediction of
eartquakes, floods, etc
 Highly dependable for
Emergency response
(NAVCOM)
 Fire fighting operation
(infrared +GPS RXs)
 Proposed SBAS supported by
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Nigcomsat-1
Can support alert messaging
similar to ALIVE concept of
EGNOS
Enable ease integration to
CNS/ATM of ICAO
Establish DGNSS that support
SAR, ER, AFREF support and
map data processing
MDGNSS and GPS
establishment for monitoring
crustal movements and coastal
dynamics (CGG, Toro)
L-band global coverage
Disaster Mgt
Centre #1
Disaster Mgt
Centre #N
A proposed ALERT messaging using
NIGCOMSAT-1
 Gateway to space information for disaster
 management support
 Space • Support pp the access and share of disaster
 management case studies, guides and products
 • Bridge to connect the disaster management and
 space communities
 • Facilitate capacity‐building and institutional
 strengthening
Seven years in the making …. (A/AC.105/893)
• Mission statement: “Ensure that all
countries and regional and international
organisations have access to and
develop the capacity to use all types of
space-based information to support the
full disaster management cycle”.
CBERS
UN SPIDER Activities (A/AC.105/894)
A Gateway to Space-based Information for Disaster Management Support
1.Compilation of Information
2.Access to Information
3.Awareness Raising
4.Outreach Activities
5.Regional and Country Profiles
A Bridge to Connect the Disaster Management and Space Communities
6.Support to Communities of Practice (CoP)
7.Knowledge Management and Transfer
8.Platform for Fostering Alliances
A Facilitator of Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening
9.Support to National Activities
10.
Support to Establishing National Planning and Policies
11.
Support to Capacity Building
UN-SPIDER Cornerstones
UNOOSA Vienna
Beijing Office
Bonn Office
Geneva Liaison Office
UN-SPIDER Team
Network of Regional
Support Offices
National Focal Points
UN-SPIDER – Cornerstones
UN-SPIDER Team
Network of
Regional Support
Offices
National Focal Points
Network of Regional Support Offices Regional and national centres of
expertise in the use of space
technology in disaster management
which agree to form a network for
implementing the activities of the
programme in their respective regions
in a coordinated manner. These
Regional Support Offices should be
leading national or regional institutions
with notable expertise in the use of
space
technology
for
disaster
management.
OOSA/Staff in Vienna
UN-SPIDER Bonn Office
UN-SPIDER Beijing Office
RSO Algeria
RSO I.R. Iran
RSO Nigeria
Network of Regional Support Offices
UN-SPIDER Cornerstones
UN-SPIDER Team
Network of
Regional Support
Offices
National Focal Points
National Focal Points – the
national institutions representing
the disaster management and/or
space application communities that
are nominated by their respective
government to work with UNSPIDER to strengthen national
disaster management planning
and
policies
and
in
the
implementation of specific national
activities that incorporate spacebased technology solutions to
support disaster management.
International Charter Space and Major Disasters
• An International agreement among Space Agencies to support with
space-based data and information relief efforts in the event of
emergencies caused by major disasters.
Disaster response
Multi-satellite data acquisition planning
•
Fast data turn-around – priority acquisition
Archive retrievals and spacecraft tasking
Data processing at pre-determined level
Space Agency contribution in image/data
Space Agency initiative for value-added-data fusion
European Space Agency (ESA)
ERS, ENVISAT
Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES)
SPOT
Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
RADARSAT
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
IRS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
POES, GOES
Argentina's Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE)
SAC -C
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
ALOS
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
LANDSAT
Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC)
UK, Nigeria, Algeria, Turkey
China National Space Agency (CNSA)
FY, SJ, ZY satellite series
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Regional coverage
Repetitive coverage
Planning capabilities
Remove barrier to accessibility
Connecting victims to decision makers
Monitoring capabilities
Easy and effective navigation
Early warning
Documentation
Rapid mapping