Transcript Slide 1

Construction Engineering
Consulting & Codes
Presented by:
Larry D. Elliott, PE (ID, ND, NV OR, WA)
Senior Discipline Engineer
Coffman Engineers, Inc.
Spokane WA Office
Engineering
• What is it?
Engineering
• What is it?
Using the knowledge of science for the benefit
of mankind [and our world].
Comment: Engineering is as much an art as science
because it involves the application of inviolable laws in a
world of imperfection, and because it impacts matters of
conscience and ethics.
Sewage Treatment, or Lack Thereof
Open Street Sewage
http://www.tagnet.org/caringandsharing/slum_work.htm
Modern Wastewater
Treatment
US Wastewater Infrastructure
Our nation’s wastewater infrastructure includes 16,000 publicly owned
wastewater treatment plants, 100,000 major pumping stations, 600,000
miles of sanitary sewers, and 200,000 miles of storm sewers. Since 1972,
with the enactment of the Clean Water Act, Federal, state, and local
investment in our national wastewater infrastructure has been over
$250 billion. This investment has provided significant environmental, public
health, and economic benefits to the nation. Rivers no longer catch on fire,
and fishing and swimming may be enjoyed in many lakes, rivers, and
shorelines that used to be clogged with sewage and other wastes. Our
farmers, fishermen, manufacturers, and tourism industries rely on
clean water to carry out activities that contribute over $300 billion to
our economy each year.
http://www.house.gov/transportation/water/03-19-03/03-19-03memo.html
Will it work when it’s needed most?
• An Example: Pine Ridge Wastewater
Pumping Station, Kamiah ID
Two Sources
for Power,
Two Pumps
In The Real World . . .
• The Contractor and Vendors are “low bid”
• The Cooperative “sells” an open-delta
transformer bank to save investment
• Residential electric furnaces share the Utility
transformers with the pump station
• The Pump Station operates reliably for 6 months,
then begins to randomly trip
• Pump Motor Protection Relays operate on
“Current Unbalance” causing wastewater
overflow
Utility Transformer – Open Delta
Motor Current Unbalance
• 1.5% to 2% is preferred submersible motor
current unbalance
The Human Element
• The Owner is unhappy with motor tripping
and overflow conditions
• The Prime Civil Engineer is confounded
and frustrated
• The Contractor denies responsibility since
system had worked for months
• The Utility is a small Cooperative, not
regulated by the State PUC
The Art of Engineering
• Educate the Owner’s Representative
• Appease the Prime Engineer
• Confront the Utility with the Facts
V23
248
238
241
V31
243
238
243
0.81%
0.14%
0.69%
I1
26
31.2
28.5
I2
27
30.7
33.5
I3
26.5
30.8
31.5
Unbalance
V12
247
237
240
Current
Unbalance
Voltage - Loaded
1.89%
0.97%
7.49%
• Convince the Contractor to Pay the Utility
Consulting
• What is it?
Consulting
• What is it?
Using special knowledge and skills in service to
others as a livelihood.
Comment: Consulting is a business and requires
understanding of client/market needs, proposal
presentation, employee training and safety, capital
investments, federal, state and local tax payments and
various insurances.
Engineering Consulting
Using engineering knowledge and
understanding in service to others as a
livelihood.
Comment: Engineering consulting may stand alone
as a service or may be part of other services including
multi-discipline engineering, architectural or construction
services.
Types of Engineering Consulting
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Construction Design Firms
Advisory Practice
Inter-Professional Practice
International
Forensic
Research & Development
Construction Design Firms
• Construction Documents:
– Plans & Specifications
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Bidding Documents
Construction Administration
Field Observation
System Start-up Assistance
Advisory Practice
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Feasibility Studies
Planning
Environmental Impact
Cost Estimating
Specification Writing
Inter-Professional Practice
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Architectural Support
Contractor Support
Other Engineering Discipline support
Computer Services
Testing Services
International Consulting
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Financing
Construction
Project Management
EPC Development: Engineering,
Procurement and Commissioning
Forensic Engineering
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Law Firm Support
Insurance Agency Support
Building Owner Support
Individual Redress Support
Research & Development
Consulting
• Federal
• Corporate
• Private
Top Design Firms in 2007
 URS Corp., SF (EAC)
 Jacobs, Pasadena, Calif. (EAC)
 CH2M HILL COS., Englewood CO (E)
 Power Engineers, Hailey ID (EA)
~$3 Billion
~$2.5 Billion
~$2 Billion
$95.9 Million
2005
 Coffman Engineers, AL, CA, WA (E) $20.2 Million
KEY TO TYPE OF FIRM
A=architect; E=engineer; EC=engineer-contractor; AE=architect-engineer; EA=engineer-architect;
ENV=environmental; G=soils or geotechnical engineer; P=planner. Other combinations possible. Firms classified
themselves.
URS Corp – Typical Project
The 8 MGD nanofiltration
membrane treatment plant in
Lancaster, Ohio, serves
approximately 36,000 residents.
URS provided pilot studies,
feasibility and final design, plant
start-up and operation, cost
estimating, scheduling
construction administration
Power Engineers, Inc. – Typical
Project
• The new Darajat III geothermal plant at
110 MW in capacity, will be the largest
geothermal turbine-generator unit ever
built when it enters service in 2006.
Darajat III Players
ChevronTexaco, doing business as
ChevronTexaco Energy Indonesia,
awarded the EPC development to an
consortium which includes Kanematsu, a
large Japanese trading company, as the
lead EPC entity, Thiess Corporation of
Indonesia as the construction contractor,
and POWER Engineers of the USA as the
engineer.
3
E
– Taxiway Lighting
• FAA – PMRA – JUB Engineers – E3
Typical Design Market Sectors
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General Building
Manufacturing
Power
Water Supply
Sewer/Waste
Industrial/Petroleum
Transportation
Hazardous Waste
Telecommunications
3
E
– Service Sectors
• Federal: Air Force Base Homeland Security Site
Power (With Parsons-Evergreene and Design
West Architects)
• Public: Lewiston Orchards Irrigation District
350HP Deep Well Pump (JUB Engineers)
• Municipal: Pomeroy Water System Wireless
SCADA System (Progressive Engineers)
• Educational: UI TLC Fault and OCP
Coordination Study (John’s Electric)
Key Player in Construction
Federal
Gov’t
Owner
Local
Gov’t
Safety
Consultant
Schedule
State
Gov’t
Contractor
Finances
Safety
• Persons
• Property
OSHA's mission is to assure the safety and health of America's
workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing training,
outreach, and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging
continual improvement in workplace safety and health.
Demystifying Codes and Standards
• Standards are necessary for
interchangeability and compatibility
• Codes are regulatory for safety
• Codes rely on standards to achieve
enforceability
• Insurance companies rely on codes to
provide a level of assurance of profitability
Underwriter’s Laboratories
• Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is an
independent testing organization created in
1893, when William Henry Merrill was called in
to find out why the Palace of Electricity at the
Columbian Exposition in Chicago kept catching
on fire (which is not the best way to tout the
wonders of electricity). After making the exhibit
safe, he realized he had a business model on
his hands. Eventually, if your electrical
equipment wasn't UL certified, you couldn't get
insurance.
http://www.schneier.com/essay-024.html
U.L Terms
• Listing (evaluated relative to life and
property hazards)
• Classifications (evaluated to specific
hazards and conditions)
• Certificate (field-installed system
evaluation)
• Recognition (Evaluated as a system
component)
Other Listing Agencies
• CSA
• Factory Mutual
“Electric” Safety Codes
• NESC – National Electric Safety Code
(IEEE)
• NEC – National Electric Code (NFPA-70)
• NFPA 70E – Standard for Electrical Safety
in the Workplace
• NFPA 820 – Standard for Fire Protection in
Wastewater Treatment and Collection
Facilities
• Many others to specific
POS
• Point-of-Service
Supply (Utility)
POS
Premise (User)
M
NESC Distinctions
• Published exclusively by the IEEE, the National
Electrical Safety Code (NESC®) sets the ground
rules for practical safeguarding of persons
during the installation, operation, or
maintenance of electric supply and
communication lines and associated equipment.
The NESC contains the basic provisions that are
considered necessary for the safety of
employees and the public under the specified
conditions.
NEC Distinctions
1. Installations of electric conductors and
equipment within or on public and private
buildings or other structures, including mobile
homes, recreational vehicles, and floating
buildings; and other premises such as yards,
carnivals, parking lots, and industrial
substations.
2. Installations of conductors and equipment that
connect to the supply of electricity.
3. Installations of other outside conductors and
equipment on the premises.
NEC Distinctions
4. Installations of optical fiber cable.
5. Installations in buildings used by the
electric utility, such as office buildings,
warehouses, garages, machine shops,
and recreational buildings that are not an
integral part of a generating plant,
substation, or control center.
NFPA 820
• Standard for Fire Protection in Wastewater
Treatment and Collection Facilities
Standard Progression
• 1990 First issue is a Recommended
Practice based upon known fire incidents
• 1992 Extensive changes including
addition of storm sewers
• 1995 Changed to Standard with
Mandatory Requirements
• 1999 Editorial Corrections for better
Enforcement
Preparing for Engineering
Consulting Practice
• Take and pass the Engineer-in-Training
(Fundamentals) Exam
• Practice under a Professional Engineer in
your field of expertise
• Take and pass the Professional Engineer
(PE) Exam in your State of Residence
• Continue to grow in depth and breadth of
engineering practice
LASTING
creativity | results | relationships
Arc Flash
NFPA 70E
The Dangers
Burns
Blast
Blindness
Shock
OSHA, NFPA, NEC
• OSHA 29 Code of Federal Regulations 1910
• NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the
Workplace
• NFPA 70-NEC Section 110.16
Washington Administrative
Code
Arc Flash and Blast Tests
Testing is Basis for NFPA
Standard