Transcript SISTEMA NACIONAL DE EDUCACION

THE CUBAN NATIONAL SYSTEM
OF EDUCATION
MPh. Irma González Carmenate
University of Havana
Ministry of Higher Education
e-mail [email protected]
[email protected]
POLITICAL DIVISION OF CUBA
The Republic of Cuba has 14 provinces, 169 municipalities
and one Special Municipality
The geography
The Cuban archipelago, is formed by the island of Cuba,
the largest of the Antilles, and 4 195 keys and small islands.
Area: 110 992 km²
Cuba is a long and narrow island (1 200 km from east to
west, the widest part is 210 km and the narrowest 32 km.
There are plains and 4 important mountain groups, and
the highest point the Pico Turquino,
at 1 974 m above sea level.
The landscapes are of diverse types and change from
semi-deserted to semitropical forest.
The country has a high biodiversity and its ecosystems are
protected.
Flora and Fauna:
Rich and varied . Cuba has more than 300 protected areas
approximately 22 % of the national territory with six named zones are
reserves of Biosphere and protected by UNESCO. More than 50 %
of the flora and fauna is endemic.
Official language: Spanish
Population:
The density of population is 100,3 habitants / km2
Cuban Population
Live out
cit ies
25%
Live in cit ies
75%
Cuban Population Distribution
Havana Cit y
20%
Sant iago de
Cuba
9%
Ot her
Provinces
62%
Holguin
9%
NATIONAL CUBAN SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
Cuban Iliterate in 1953
Ilit erat e
30%
Classrooms in 1953
Lit erat e
70%
It were not
in exist ence
51%
Classrooms
49%
Half of the children of school age (800 000) didn’t go to the schools.
More than 9 000 teachers were unemployed.
1961: THE CAMPAIGN OF LITERACY
1 000 000 people learned to read and write.
The National Cuban
System of Education
It Is designed in
order to learn and
to form values
All citizens have the
responsibility to educate
others
The education is
a right of all citizens
Essential Topics of the Cuban educational model
1. The development of
education through
teaching and learning
3.The University is integrated with
society, preparing the future
professional.
2. The curriculum
includes time for
classes and time to
work outside as a
way to educate for
life.
4. Integral Formation
( values, general and professional culture)
Formation of values: The development of the feeling (development of the
human values) and of the thought (the system of abilities)
The subsystems of the national Cuban education system
.
 PRE-SCHOOL
 PRIMARY
 SECONDARY
 SPECIAL SCHOOLS
 EDUCATIONAL FORMATION
 TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL
 PRE-UNIVERSITY
 HIGHER EDUCATION
 ADULT
In 1961
In 2003
there were 15 000 new
classrooms
With 1000 000
students.
there were 2 386 000 students from
Pre-scholar to pre-university
Students from Pre-school to Pre-university level (Course
2003-2004)
Lived at
school
16%
Lived at
home
84%
Students and Teachers
In 2004
3000000
Quantity
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1961
S tudents
Habitants per Docent
40
37.89
35
Quantity
30
25
21.78
20
15
10
5
0
2003
2004
Courses
2003
Course
2004
T eac hers and P rofes s ors
Fundamental principles that form the
basis of the Cuban System of
Education.
Looking to increase the level of the general integral culture
These are:
The use of the PC
In all the subsystems
To study Computing
 Educational software
 As a tool to study all the subjects
The use of the TV and video
Video-class:
High quality
High quantity
Contribute to consistency of teaching levels
Can be viewed by various audiences
(students, adults)
No more than 20 pupils in a classroom
Assistant Teacher
The program EDUCATE YOUR CHILD
This is supported by
Publication of educational text-books
increased considerably
6 500 PhD
(1 PhD/1725 habitants)
Great development in Education.
There is one Educational Research Centre in each
university
We have an intensive interaction with the educators in
Latin America and with the other countries in the
world.
In Cuba, the following events take place in alternate years:
 International event PEDAGOGIA (more than 5 000 foreign
participants)
 International event UNIVERSIDAD (more than 1 300
university professors, Ministries of Education, etc)
 Cuba receives many PhD and MPh students coming from
foreign countries (2500)
 At the same time university professors work in different
Universities of other Countries.
 There are Cuban programs of literacy in Haiti, Venezuela
and other countries.
PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION
Register:
118 000 boys and girls.
Developing in:
 1124 nursery school
 in primary schools
 with the “Programme Educate your child”
100 000 assistants, 30% are relatives.
This is a social work
The 99,5% of the registration in the Primary
school is covered with these three programmes.
PRIMARY SCHOOL
To develop the intelligence
Course duration : 44 weeks
(3 weeks free)
CURRICULUM: (extra—classes
activities)
ART
Efficiency Indicators
SPORT
Attending school (2004): 849 000
Attending school retention: 100%
Presence: 98.7%
Double session: 99.9%
Individualized Attention: 1 professor/20 students
RECREATIONAL
HISTORICAL
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCE
NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASED COMPETITION
NATIONAL SKILLS BASED COMPETITION
USE OF CLASSROOM MENTORS
SECONDARY
Register: 474 392 students in 1 005 schools
One assistant professor and one professor in Computing/15 students
 individual attention
 meeting with the parents
 parents’ school
 social workers
 Student snacks are provided by the government: 65%
 100% double session
 33 000 retired professors came back to work in the new educational
programmes
 Attendance: 98% (ill, mental disability, severe incapacity)
 144 left their courses, all of them returned to complete the course.
 Courses repeated 6943 (0,1%)
 daily evaluation
 Work and learning are integrated.
It has been introduced:
 Play chess (twice each week)
 Instructors of art (2 000 instructors)
 Increase to 5 times weekly for Mathematics,
Spanish and History.
 Increase to 10 h/class of revision.
 2240 videoconferences have been made in
Mathematics, Spanish, History, Physics and
English.
 15 TV programmes with 7,5 transmission
hours
 41 types of educational software for students
and
teachers.
 TV: 31 educational programmes in 2 channels .
 19,000 assistant teachers
SPECIAL LEARNING
100% of mental and physical disability boys and girls
are attending schools including 252 “autistic”
428 schools
26 Classrooms in hospitals or in houses
There are 40 schools for difficult children.
99% who have graduated have a job.
PRE-UNIVERSITY
374 schools in the country
Attending school: 610 000
(including assistant students)
 Work and learning are integrated
 30 students in each group
 Using videoconferences
POLYTECHNICS
Distr ibuti on of students by speciali ties
Computing
9%
Art and
Other
Specialities
44%
Technician
in Medicine
16%
Education
25%
Politechnic Institutes
Sports
6%
329
Quantity
400
300
200
100
1979
2004
3
0
Year
Now articulated with High Level the use of TV, video, PC etc. is included
MEDICAL SCIENCES
68 166 students in 21 profiles:
Dentist assistant
Medical assistant
Diploma in nursing
Technician in health
Psychology, etc.
Now:
These are steps to reach the
required level for university
705 off campuses teaching units, 75% study in off campuses teaching
units (444 polyclinics + 52 hospital + 1 mother house)
Professors
University
Staff
75%
Part time
Professors
25%
Institutes of Education
Since the 1st year they have worked as teachers in the
school classrooms.
Each school is an off- campus learning environment
46% of schools have students working as teachers
Professors
Universit y
Staff
13%
Assistant
Students
2%
Part time
Professors
85%
SPORT CAREER
Current course:
Distribution of Campuses
Other
Campuses
30%
Municipalities
+Prisions
70%
Pr ofe s s or s
Professor s
68%
Ex Athlete
32%
UNIVERSALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
The universalization of higher education
A process of changes and actions aimed at increasing
possibilities and opportunities of access to university studies.
It contributes to the attainment of more equality and social
justice in our society.
CONCEPT OF THE NEW STAGE OF UNIVERSALIZATION
It is the extension of the main university processes to the entire
society, on a territorial basis, so as to attain
higher levels of equality and social justice and the development of
a general comprehensive culture of all citizens.
HOW IS IT IMPLEMENTED?
Incorporating professionals as part-time professor
Using existing facilities and other material resources in each
municipality.
Joining efforts and interests in each
locality
Creating University Campuses (SUM) nationwide
The educational model
Flexible
Structured
Student centred
With systematic face
to face activities.
The process of formation presents three
main components
1. A system of face-to-face activities.
2.- Self-access study
3.- Information services.
CUBAN HIGHER EDUCATION
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
University of Havana
UH (1728)
University of Oriente
(1947)
Central University
of Las Villas
UCLV (1952)
64 state universities
938 campuses
2004
UNIVERSITIES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER
EDUCATION IN CUBA
64
28
3
Total enrolment:
Graduating women:
1959
1976
15 609
83 957
300 000
37%
62%
3%
2003
General information about Cuban
Higher Education
64 Universities
938 campuses, in all the Municipalities
Professors
Staff
19%
Dis tribution of Stude nts
Part Tim e
Professors
81%
Distance
Learning
5%
At University
34%
In Campuses
61%
General information....
The undergraduate programs:
 Are approved by the Ministry of Higher
Education
 Are implemented nationwide
 Are subordinate to different Ministries
depending on the field of study
Programmes subordinate to MES
 Agricultural Sciences (5)




Natural Sciences and Mathematics (10)
Social Sciences and Humanities (16)
Technical Sciences and Architecture (14)
Economics (3)
Programmes subordinate to other ministries
 Medical Sciences (4 programmes; 5 universities)
 Educational Sciences (28 programmes; 16
universities)
 Arts (5 programmes; 1 university)
 Sports (1 programme; 2 universities)
 Design (2 programmes; 1 universities)
 Nuclear Sciences (4 programmes; 1 university)
There are also other programmes related to
higher education military centres
What are the main characteristics of
Cuban higher education?
 Society and universities share the same
interests
 Universities work in close alliance with
enterprises, organizations and other
social institutions
 The Ministry of Higher Education has full
capacity of rallying and convening all
universities towards common goals
The training of professionals in Cuba
 Undergraduate education (5-year
programmes with diploma thesis)
 On-the-job training (2 years)
 Postgraduate education
Different types of courses in
undergraduate education
 Regular courses (face to face):
- Daytime (full time students): five years
- For workers (part time students): six years
 Distance learning courses
 New social programmes
The educational model of Cuban higher
education
 Main feature:
Broad Profile
Which strikes a balance between general
professional training and the training of
specialists
Broad Profile
Professionals with solid basic knowledge, capable
of solving the most frequent and general problems
in connection with the basic level of their work
Dimensions of the formation process
 Instructional (knowledge and skills)
 Educational (values)
 Developmental (competences)
Principal ideas of the educational model
 Unity between Education and
Instruction
 Link between Study and Work
Link between Study and Work in the
curriculum
The corner stone of the entire Cuban system
of education is the link between study and
work. At university level, this link is expressed
in the work-training component in the
curriculum and is carried out in off-campus
Teaching Units
Link of study and work….
 About 1 500 or 2 000 hours in each
curriculum (30 % )
 More than 2 000 work places are in
connection with the university
 453 are “Off-campus Teaching Units”
 An academic discipline that integrates the
work component with the rest of the
curriculum
General information about curriculum
Distribution of curriculum activities
Average time
5 700 hours
Research
W ork
30%
Lect ures
25%
Pract ical
A ct ivit ies
45%
Disciplines (14)
Subjects (60)
Final Evaluation (28)
Course Projects (6)
Final Project or State Test (1)
POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION
Academic
programs
Specialties
PhM
PhD (2 levels)
Postgraduate
Education
System
Professional
development
Courses
Graduate training
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION
IN HIGHER EDUCATION
It’s oriented to:
• The development of human resources
• The orientation of scientific research to satisfy the social,
economic and cultural development needs of the country
• The use of international knowledge and technologies
• Generation of technologies
• Creation of high tech products as exports goods
• Collaboration with other countries
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION
IN HIGHER EDUCATION
 More than 50% of all research work in Cuba is developed and
conducted in universities and their research centres.
 100% of university faculty actively participate in national and
local projects.
 100% of senior students in undergraduate courses participate
in curricular scientific
extracurricular.
research
activities
(52%
in
 15% of all the students enrolled in undergraduate courses
belong to the movement of high-achievement students and
take part in top-priority research work.
Cuban universities are increasingly turning into research centres