Transcript Practicing What We Preach: The Human Mosaic of the C3
College, Career and Civic Life (C3): Framework for Social Studies State Standards
Guidance for states to use in enhancing their standards for rigor in civics, economics, geography and history in K-12 schools
Background and process for developing the C3 Framework
Foundations of Social Studies
• • • • • • Prepares the nation’s young people for college, careers, and civic life.
Inquiry is its foundation.
Formed by core * and history.
disciplines of civics, economics, geography, Composed of deep and enduring understandings, concepts, and skills from the disciplines.
Emphasizes skills and practices as preparation for democratic decision-making.
Shares in the responsibilities for literacy instruction in K-12 education.
*Behavioral Sciences underway
Civic Engagement
Now more than ever, students need the intellectual power to recognize societal problems, ask good questions and develop robust investigations into them, consider possible solutions and consequences, separate evidence-based claims from parochial opinions, and communicate and act upon what they learn.
Common Core ELA
The C3 Framework fully incorporates and extends the expectations for literacy learning put forward in the ELA Common Core. We view the literacy skills detailed in the ELA Common Core as establishing a foundation for inquiry in social studies. These literacy skills are an indispensable part of social studies.
The C3 Process
C3 Framework is a state led effort facilitated by the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) and the National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) to develop a resource for states to use when upgrading their state social studies standards.
Collaboration and community is a central tenet of the work.
Conscious effort to bring stakeholders who have not talked in the same room, for an extended period of time.
Collaboration and the C3 Framework
Arizona Arkansas Colorado District of Columbia Georgia Hawaii Iowa Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Michigan Missouri Montana Nebraska North Carolina Ohio Utah Washington Wisconsin Wyoming Los Angeles County University of Delaware
American Association of Geographers American Bar Association American Historical Association Center for Civic Education Campaign for the Civic Mission of Schools Constitutional Rights Foundation/USA Constitutional Rights Foundation/Chicago Council for Economic Education National Council for Geographic Education National Council for History Education National Council for the Social Studies National Geographic Society National History Day Street Law, Inc.
World History Association
Keith C. Barton, Indiana University Stephen Buckles, Vanderbilt University Flannery Burke, Saint Louis University Jim Charkins, California State University S.G. Grant, Binghamton University Susan W. Hardwick, University of Oregon John Lee, North Carolina State University Peter Levine, Tufts University Meira Levinson, Harvard University Anand Marri, Columbia University Chauncey Monte-Sano, University of Michigan Robert Morrill, Virginia Polytechnic Kathy Swan, University of Kentucky Karen Thomas-Brown, University of Michigan-Dearborn Cynthia Tyson, The Ohio State University Bruce VanSledright, University of Maryland Merry Wiesner-Hanks University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Lisa Lacefield, Arkansas John White, Arkansas Charlee Passig Archuleta, Colorado • • Anton Schulzki, Colorado Wendy Harrington, Delaware • • • • Sally J. Meyer, Georgia William S. Rakosnik, Georgia Pamela M.T. (Takehiro) King, Hawaii Carrie Sato, Hawaii • • • Mitzie Higa, Hawaii Rob Dittmer, Iowa Nancy Peterson, Iowa Beth Levinsky, Illinois • • • • • Jeffrey W. Lightfoot, Illinois Michael Hutchison, Indiana • Callie Marksbary, Indiana Amanda Jessee, Kansas James K. Robb , Kansas Barry Leonard, Kentucky Thad Elmore, Kentucky Rebecca K. Valbuena, California Michael A. Long, California Kimberly Loisel, Maryland • Dr. Donna Phillips, Maryland • Shane Gower, Maine • • Barbara Perry, Maine David Johnson, Michigan • • • Raymond Walker, Michigan • • Debra Williams, Missouri • • Roxanna Mechem, Missouri • Mary G. Stevens, North Carolina Traci Barger, North Carolina Lonnie Moore, Nebraska Mary Lynn Reiser, Nebraska Tim Dove, Ohio Gloria Wu, Ohio Laura Finney, Ohio Pam Merrill, Oklahoma Tara Gray, Washington Sabrina Shaw, Washington Lauren Mittermann, Wisconsin Tina Flood, Wisconsin
Rosanna Fukado, Hawaii Department of Education Fay Gore, Lead Editor, North Carolina Department of Education Mitzie Higa, Teacher, Hawaii Kim Eggborn, Teacher, Maryland William Muthig, Lead Editor, Ohio Department of Education Marcie Taylor Thoma, Maryland Department of Education Maggie Herrick, Arkansas Department of Education Jessica Vehlwald, Teacher, Missouri
American Heritage Bill of Rights Institute C-Span Center for Economic Education and Entrepreneurship, U of Delaware Citizen Me Colonial Williamsburg Council of Economic Education DBQ Project Junior Achievement Federal Judicial Center-History Office Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Economic Education Freedom Forum First Amendment Center Heritage Education Services—National Park Services Library of Congress Mikva Challenge, Chicago National Archives National Constitution Center Newseum Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian American Art Museum Smithsonian American Indian Museum Teaching for Change What So Proudly We Hail
Next Steps
A review of the C3 Framework was recently completed with targeted groups of educators and education leaders. Final revisions are currently underway.
The C3 Framework will be made available by NCSS in late summer 2013.
Implementation of the C3 Framework will begin immediately.
An overview of the C3 Framework
The Inquiry Arc
The primary purpose of the College, Career and Civic
Life (C3) Framework for Social Studies State Standards
is to provide guidance to states on the concepts, skills and disciplinary tools necessary to prepare students for college, career, and civic life. In doing so, the C3 Framework offers guidance and support for rigorous student learning. That guidance and support takes form in an inquiry arc—a set of interlocking and mutually reinforcing ideas that feature the four Dimensions of informed inquiry in social studies:
The Dimensions
Dimension 1: Developing Questions and Planning Inquiries Dimension 2: Applying Disciplinary Tools and Concepts (Civics, Economics, Geography, and History) Dimension 3: Evaluating Sources and Using Evidence Dimension 4: Communicating Conclusions and Taking Informed Action
Organization of the Dimensions
Organization of Dimension 2
C3 Readiness Standards And Pathways
All four dimension include C3 Readiness Standards which describe the social studies competencies students should have upon graduation to be College, Career, and Civic life ready.
For each C3 Readiness Standard, a pathway describes the progression of the knowledge and skills within the standard at the end of grades 2, 5 and 8
By the End of Grade 2* By the End of Grade 5* By the End of Grade 8
Individually and with others, students construct compelling questions, and
By the End of Grade 12
A Dimension 1 Pathway: Compelling Questions
By the End of Grade 2* By the End of Grade 5* By the End of Grade 8
Individually and with others, students construct compelling questions, and
C3 Readiness Standards By the End of Grade 12
Explain why the compelling question is important to the student.
Identify disciplinary concepts found or implied in a compelling question.
Explain why compelling questions are important to others (e.g., peers, adults, experts).
Explain how experts in the social studies disciplines justify compelling questions.
Identify disciplinary concepts and ideas found or implied in compelling questions that are open to different interpretations (e.g., fairness, choice, place, and/or perspective). Explain disagreements experts have about interpretations and applications of disciplinary concepts and ideas (e.g., fairness, choice, place, and/or perspective) found or implied in a compelling question.
Explain how experts in the social studies disciplines justify compelling questions, citing instances where experts account for the significance of the questions.
Explain the disagreements experts have about interpretations and applications of disciplinary concepts and ideas (e.g., fairness, choice, place, and/or perspective) found or implied in a compelling question, understanding many of these disagreements are interdisciplinary in practice.
A Dimension 2 Pathway: History
By the End of Grade 2
Individually and with others, students
By the End of Grade 5
Identify different kinds of historical sources.
Summarize how different kinds of historical sources are used to explain events in the past.
Explain how historical sources can be used to study the past.
Compare information provided by different historical sources about the past.
By the End of Grade 8 C3 Readiness Standards By the End of Grade 12
Classify the kinds of historical sources used in a secondary interpretation.
Analyze the relationship between historical sources and the secondary interpretations made from them.
Detect possible limitations in the historical record based on evidence collected from different kinds of historical sources.
Detect possible limitations in various kinds of historical evidence and differing secondary interpretations.
Identify the maker, date and place of origin for a historical source from information within the source itself.
Infer the intended audience and purpose of a historical source from information within the source itself.
Use other historical sources to infer a plausible maker, date, place of origin and intended audience for historical sources where this information is not easily identified. Critique the usefulness of historical sources for a specific historical inquiry based on their maker, date, place of origin, intended audience and purpose.
Generate questions about a particular historical source as it relates to a particular historical event or development.
Begins at grade 3–5
Generate questions about multiple historical sources and their relationships to particular historical events and developments.
Use questions generated about multiple historical sources to identify further areas of inquiry and additional sources.
Use questions generated about multiple historical sources to pursue further inquiry and investigate additional sources.
Use information about a historical source, including the maker, date, place of origin, intended audience and purpose to judge the extent to which the source is useful for studying a particular topic.
Evaluate the relevancy and utility of a historical source based on information such as maker, date, place of origin, intended audience and purpose.
Critique the appropriateness of the historical sources used in a secondary interpretation.
A Dimension 3 Pathway: Gather and Evaluate
By the End of Grade 2
Individually and with others, students
By the End of Grade 5 By the End of Grade 8 C3 Readiness Standards By the End of Grade 12
Gather relevant information from one or two sources while using the origin and structure to guide the selection.
Gather relevant information from multiple sources while using the origin, structure, and context to guide the selection.
Gather relevant information from multiple sources while using the origin, authority, structure, context, and corroborative value of the sources to guide the selection.
Gather relevant information from multiple sources representing a wide range of views while using the origin, authority, structure, context, and corroborative value of the sources to guide the selection.
Evaluate a source by distinguishing between fact and opinion.
Use distinctions among fact and opinion to determine credibility of multiple sources.
Evaluate the credibility of a source by determining its relevance and intended use.
Evaluate the credibility of a source by examining how experts value the source.
A Dimension 4 Pathway: Taking Informed Action
By the End of Grade 2
Individually and with others, students
By the End of Grade 5
Identify and explain a range of local, regional, and global problems, and some ways in which people are trying to address these problems.
Draw on disciplinary concepts to explain the challenges people have faced and opportunities they have created, in addressing local, regional, and global problems at various times and places.
By the End of Grade 8
Draw on multiple disciplinary lenses to analyze how a specific problem can manifest itself at local, regional, and global levels over time, identifying its characteristics and causes, and the challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to address the problem.
C3 Readiness Standards By the End of Grade 12
Use disciplinary and interdisciplinary lenses to understand the characteristics and causes of local, regional, and global problems; instances of such problems in multiple contexts; and challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to address these problems over time and place.
Identify ways to take action to help address local, regional, and global problems.
Explain different strategies and approaches students and others could take in working alone and together to address local, regional, and global problems, and predict possible results of their actions.
Assess their individual and collective capacities to take action to address local, regional, and global problems, taking into account a range of possible levers of power, strategies, and potential outcomes.
Assess their own options for individual and collective action to address local, regional, and global problems by engaging in self reflection, strategy identification, and complex causal reasoning.
Use listening, consensus-building, and voting procedures to decide on and take action in their classrooms.
Use a range of deliberative and democratic procedures to make decisions about and act on civic problems in their classrooms, school, and online.
Apply a range of deliberative and democratic procedures to make decisions and take action in their classrooms, school, online, and in out-of-school civic or political contexts.
Apply a range of deliberative and democratic strategies and procedures to make decisions and take action in their classrooms, school, online, and in out-of-school civic and political contexts.
ELA/Literacy Common Core Connections The C3 framework establishes its connections to ELA/Literacy Common Core in two substantive ways:
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Anchor Standard Connections
•
Shared Language Narrative & graphical representations.
ELA/Literacy Common Core Connections
Fundamental to Social Studies
Reading 1 Writing 7 Speaking and Listening 1
Supportive of Inquiry
Reading 1-10 Writing 1, 7-9 Speaking and Listening 1-6 Language 6
General literacy
All Common Core ELA Standards
CCSS-ELA Connections
Dimension 1 Questioning Dimension 2 Content Anchor Standards Shared Language Anchor Standards Shared Language Reading 1; Writing 7; Speaking and Listening 1 Argument; Explanation; Point of View; Questioning Reading 1-10; Writing 7; Speaking and Listening 1; Language 1 Analysis; Argument; Evidence; Questioning Dimension 3 Sources and Claims Anchor Standards Shared Language Reading 1-10; Writing 1, 7-9; Speaking and Listening 1 Argument; Evidence; Claims, Counterclaims; Gather; Sources Dimension 4 Conclusions and Action Anchor Standards Shared Language Reading 1; Writing 1-8; Speaking and Listening 1-6 Argument; Explanation; Claims; Counterclaims; Credibility; Evidence; Sources; Visualize
Scholarly Rationale for the C3 Framework
“ In the C3 Framework, the call for students to become more prepared for the challenges of college and career (Bellanca & Brandt, 2010; Di Giacomo, Linn, Monthey, Pack, & Wyatt, 2013; Partnership for 21 st Century Schools, 2011) is united with a third element: preparation for civic life. Advocates of citizenship education cross the political spectrum, but they are bound by a common belief that our democratic republic will not sustain unless students are aware of their changing cultural and physical environments; know the past; read, write, and think deeply; and act in ways that promote the common good. There will always be differing perspectives on these objectives. The goal of knowledgeable, thinking, and active citizens, however, is universal.
”
A Disciplinary Inquiry Matrix
The Disciplinary Inquiry Matrix articulates how each of the four dimensions of the C3 Framework coheres and builds upon one another through the use of a content-specific example:
How bad was the recent Great Recession?
The Disciplinary Inquiry Matrix describes what
experts
think and do. It is a four-part target example to which
students
should aspire.
A Disciplinary Inquiry Matrix
Another Disciplinary Inquiry Matrix might explore the compelling question:
What made cartoonist Bill Mauldin so popular?
A Disciplinary Inquiry Matrix about Bill Mauldin
Ways of Knowing—> Possible Disciplinary Compelling Questions Civics/Governme nt Political Scientist says….
Economics Economist says… Dimension 1 Geography Geographer says… History Historian says…
What were the global political stakes for the United States in World War II and in the Cold War?
What were some of the themes in Mauldin’s cartoons regarding government?
What were the most pressing economic issues in the United States in the 1940s and 1950s? What parts of the world were impacted directly by the Cold War?
What was the economic status of the “Common Man” that Mauldin targeted in his cartoon?
How were Mauldin’s cartoons reflective of difference places in the world?
In what ways did World War II contribute to the Cold War?
What historical themes did Mauldin examine in his cartoons?
What were some of the most pressing concerns of middle class Americans in the 1940s and 1950s?
A Disciplinary Inquiry Matrix about Bill Mauldin
Ways of Knowing—> Data Sources
needed to address questions
Civics/Government Political Scientist says….
Government policies, policy pronouncements, political poll results, Mauldin’s cartoons
Key Concepts and Conceptual Understandings
necessary to address questions (non-exclusive examples) Political theories such as Communism and Capitalism
Economics Economist says… Dimension 2
Statistics (labor, capital, credit, monetary flow, supply, demand) Mauldin’s cartoons
Geography Geographer says…
Spatial data; statistics, maps Mauldin’s cartoons Economic recession; inflation; governmental economic policies Spatial representation; scale; degree of distortion; map symbols,
History Historian says…
Accounts from political leaders (oral history, diaries, journals, newspapers, photos, etc.) Mauldin’s cartoons Historical context; historical significance; moral judgment; evidence (to make claims)
Key Strategies and Skills
needed to address questions (non-exclusive examples) Reading statistics from polls; Capability to read statistics critically Cartography skills; critical reading and thinking; using map symbol systems Critical reading and thinking; analysis and synthesis; reading subtext and agency in older sources
A Disciplinary Inquiry Matrix about Bill Mauldin
Ways of Knowing—> Evidence-backed Claims Civics/Governmen t Political Scientist says….
Economics Economist says… Geography Geographer says… History Historian says…
Statistical analyses and theories of political and institutional behavior and outcomes point toward substantiating and justifying claims; adequacy judged within the community of peers
Dimension 3
Statistical analyses coupled with economic theories show the way toward substantiating and justifying claims; judged within the community of peers, i.e., other economic investigators Narratives, statistical and spatial analyses, and representations point toward substantiating and justifying claims; community of peers evaluates adequacy of claims Accounts of human behavior and thought coupled with evidence corroboration and preponderance point towards substantiating and justifying claims; judged within the community of peers
Forms of Communication and Action
(illustrative examples) Books, television appearances, articles, op-ed pieces, policy statements, blogs; supporting a public assistance non-profit organization
Dimension 4
Op-ed articles, journal pieces, television appearances, policy statements, blogs, webinars, policy advisory roles, public action Spatial representations for newspapers, web based articulations, digital and analog geographical services; community mapping; other citizen-science experiences Books, monographs, articles, websites, webinars, television appearances, blogs