Transcript Continuous Emission Monitors (CEMS) Advancements From

Continuous Emission Monitors
(CEMS) Advancements
From Measuring HCl and Ammonia (NH3) to using Sensitive Moisture
Measurements for Identifying Boiler Tube Leaks
Ronald L. Baker
Robert Peters
Edul Chikhliwala
EcoChem Analytics
Introduction & Overview
• Stack Monitoring Systems are already at
plants to measure “acid gases” (NOx & SO2)
and often CO, O2 & CO2
– Note: Stack moisture content, %H2O, typically measured as well
• New or pending regulations in certain
industries can require additional
measurements:
– HCl Hydrogen Chloride : another acid gas
– NH3 Ammonia : related to ammonia/urea injection
Hot-Wet Sampling System
Gas Filter Correlation
Reference (I0)
The radiation
intensity is measured
with the Gas-filled
cell in the optical
path
Measure (I)
The radiation
intensity is measured
with the free
aperture in the
optical path
Gas Filter Correlation
Single Beam Dual Wavelength
Reference (I0)
The radiation
intensity is measured
with the Reference
filter in the optical
path
Measure (I)
The radiation
intensity is measured
with the Measure
filter in the optical
path
Single Beam Dual Wavelength
MC3 Analyzer Optical Path
System Components
MC3 Measurement Capability
Single MC3 analyzer can measure 8 gases
plus Oxygen
Dual ranges can be selected for same gas
* All components at 185C or above; standard sample cell path 12 meters
** User can select appropriate range within the range interval
* Use of a short path cell can permit higher concentration ranges
Gas
Range Interval**
CO
0-5 PPM to 0-10,000 PPM
SO2
0-10 PPM to 0-1,000 PPM
NO
0-5 PPM to 0-500 PPM
NO2
0-5 PPM to 0-500 PPM
CO2
0-1,000PPM to 0-40%
NH3
0-5 PPM to 0-500 PPM
HCl
0-10 PPM to 0-100 PPM
H2 O
0-2% to 0-50%
O2
0-25%
N2O
0-10 PPM to 0-1,500 PPM
CH4
0-10 PPM to 0-1,000 PPM
Moisture Measurements to Identify
Boiler Tube Leaks
• Since 2004, there have been 8 of these hot-wet analyzers installed
at seven different waste coal fired facilities.
• In addition to pollutant measurements of NOx, SO2, CO and
diluents measurements of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2),
these analyzers continuously monitor the concentration of
moisture (H2O) in the flue gas stream.
• This moisture measurement, similar to the other measurements, is
updated every 7-10 seconds and has been shown to be effective in
identifying and or verifying a boiler tube leak.
• In the event of a tube leak, the increase in moisture can be fairly
significant from the unit’s baseline moisture levels, ranging from a
1-3%+ increase. Therefore in a unit with a typical moisture level of
6.5%, a rather sudden increase to 8.5% moisture has confirmed
boiler tube leaks.
• Correlations improve after each event
EcoChem MC3 Systems – Waste Coal
HCl, Ammonia and Water Calibration
“Wet” Calibrations with the Hovacal unit
Hot-Wet
Vapor Mixture
Supply Unit
Mass
Flow
Meter
Evaporator
Pump
Mass
Flow
Controller
Temperature
Control
Liquid
Carrier Gas
Solution (pure water,
NH3 or HCl)
Balance
(Optional)
MC3 Installations - HCl
• Wasatch Integrated Waste Mgmt
– 2 waste to energy units
• Wheelabrator Falls – PA
– 2 waste to energy units
• Chemical & Waste Treatment Industry
worldwide
- 15+ analyzers including Eli Lily & Company
MC3 Installations – NH3
• TransCanada – Ocean State Power – RI
– 4 units on gas turbines with SCR
• Wheelabrator Falls – PA
– 2 waste to energy units-evaluating de-NOx system
• Fertilizer and Chemical Industry in USA
- 20 analyzers including Rentech Nitrogen, PCS, &
CF Industries
HCl Dedicated CEMS
• Major Utility in Texas
• Installation near Dallas
Question and Answers
EcoChem Analytics
www.ecochem.biz