Transcript American History

American History
Test 3 Review
Literature
• The Knickerbocker Group
– Washington Irving - Knickerbocker's History of New York
– James Fennimore Cooper - Leatherstocking Tales
– William Cullen Bryant - "Thanatopsis"
• Transcendentalism
– Ralph Waldo Emerson - Self Reliance
– Henry David Thoreau - Walden: Or Life in the Woods
– Walt Whitman - Leaves of Grass
• Historians
– George Bancroft - Father of American History
– William H. Prescott - Mexico and Peru
– Francis Parkman - History of England and France in NA
Life in the South & Abolitionists
• Oligarchy
– Rule by the wealthy few
• Class structure
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Aristocracy
Small Farmers with Slaves
Small Farmers without Slaves
Mountain whites
Free Blacks
Slaves
• Quakers
• American Colonization
Society
– Liberia
• Beecher Family
• William Lloyd Garrison
– The Liberator
• Wendell Phillips
– American Abolitionist Society
• Frederick Douglass
– Narrative of the Life of
Frederick Douglass
Tyler to Polk & the Mexican War
• John Tyler
– “Democrat in Whigs clothing”
• Webster-Ashburton Treaty
– Maine
• James K. Polk
– “Young Hickory”
– Expansionist Platform
– Texas annexation
• Polk’s Four Point Plan
– Lower the Tariff
– Independent Treasury
– Oregon
• “54-40 or Fight!”
• Compromise at the 49th
– California
• Mexican American War /
War of North American
Intervention
– California
– Texas
– Mexico City
• Nicholas Trist
• Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo
– Mexican Cession
• Wilmot Proviso
California, Slavery, & Compromise
• California Gold Rush
– Sutter's Mill
– “Forty-Niners”
• Slavery
– Fugitive Slave Law
– Underground Railroad
• Harriet Tubman
• The Compromise of
1850
– North gets:
• California as free state
• Texas/New Mexico Border
• Washington D.C. - Slave
Trade illegal
– South gets:
• Popular Sovereignty in
Mexican Cession
• Texas gets $10 Million
New Mexico
• Fugitive Slave Law
International Affairs
• Manifest Destiny
– Isthmus
• Panama & Nicaragua
– Nicaragua Schemes
• William Walker
• British Influence
• “The Opening of Japan”
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Commodore Matthew C. Perry
Edo/Tokyo
Civil War
Imperial Court
• Kyoto
• Mutsuhito/Meiji
– Meiji Restoration
• Cuba
– Southern “Filibustering”
Exhibitions
• Crimean War
– Russia & Ottomans
– Britain, France, & PiedmontSardinia
– War Correspondents
– Photographers
– Treaty of Paris - 1856
• The Black Warrior Affair & The
Ostend Manifesto
– Pierre Soulé
– James Buchanan
– John Y. Mason
Towards Civil War
• Gadsden Purchase
– James Gadsden
– Arizona / New Mexico
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
– Compromise
– Kansas & Nebraska Territories
• Popular Sovereignty
• Repealed Missouri
Compromise
– Reopened Slavery Issue
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin
– Harriet Beecher Stowe
• The Impending Crisis of the
South
– Hinton Helper
• “Bleeding Kansas”
– “New England Emigrant Aid
Company”
– “Beecher’s Bibles”
– “Southern Border Ruffians”
– Two governments
– William Clark Quantrill
– John Brown
• Charles Sumner & Preston
Brooks
Towards Civil War
• Dred Scott Decision
– Slaves not citizens
– Congress cannot outlaw slavery
– Missouri Compromise
Unconstitutional
• Panic of 1857
– Inflation caused by California
gold
– Overproduction of Grain
– Over-speculation in land and
railroads
• Lincoln-Douglas Debates
– Freeport Doctrine
• John Brown’s Rebellion
– Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
• Election of 1860
– Lincoln
• Succession
– South Carolina
– Deep South follows
– Jefferson Davis
• John J. Crittenden
– Crittenden Compromise
• Failed
Civil War Begins
• Lincoln Becomes President
– March 4, 1861
• Battle of Fort Sumter
– April 12, 1861
• Border States (& Territories)
– Missouri
• Claimed by Both
– Kentucky
• Claimed by Both
– Maryland
• Martial Law
– Delaware
• Voted Against Secession
– West Virginia
– Indian Territory
• Jefferson Davis
– Issues Surrounding secession
– Skills vs popularity
• Abraham Lincoln
– Government stability
– Less-than-legal Actions?
• Suspended Habeas corpus
• Economic Issues
– Morrill Tariff
– “Greenbacks”
• Battle of Bull Run / Manassas
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July 21, 1861
Quick War?
Spectators
Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson
Civil War
• General George B.
McClellan
– Patient or overly
cautious?
• British Actions
– The Trent Affair
– CSS Alabama
• Battle of the Ironclads
– Monitor
– Virginia (Merrimack)
• Battle of Antietam /
Sharpsburg
– Bloodiest Battle of War
– Effects
• Turning Point of war
• Foreign Intervention
• The Emancipation
Proclamation
– Slaves in States in
Rebellion
• Massacre at Ft. Pillow
Civil War & Neighboring Nations
• Women in the War
– Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell
• US Sanitary Commission
– Clara Barton & Dorothea Dix
• Northern Nurses
– Sally Tompkins
• Southern Nurses
• The Battle of Gettysburg
– July 1-3 1863
– Robert E Lee
– George G. Meade
• Britain
– Ambassador Charles Francis
Adams
– Laird Rams
– Southern Agents in Canada
• Vermont Raid
• British North American Act
– Dominion of Canada
• Events in Mexico
– La Reforma - President Benito
Juarez
– French Intervention - Napoleon
III
• Battle of Puebla - Cinco de Mayo
– “Empire of Mexico”
• Archduke Maximillian
End of the Civil War
• Ulysses S. Grant
• Siege of Vicksburg
– July 4, 1863
• William Tecumseh Sherman
– Sherman’s March
• “Total War”
• Election of 1864
– The Union Party (Republican
+ War Democrats)
• Abraham Lincoln
• Andrew Johnson
– Peace Democrats - General
McClellan
• Battle of Cold Harbor
– Grant Union Commander
– June 3, 1864
• Surrender at Appomattox
Courthouse
– February 1865
– Grant & Lee
• Assassination of Abraham
Lincoln
– John Wilkes Booth
– Ford’s Theater
The Beginning of Reconstruction
• Reconstruction
Amendments
– Thirteenth Amendment
– Fourteenth Amendment
– Fifteenth Amendment
• The Freedman’s Bureau
– Oliver O. Howard
– Education
– Corruption
• Lincoln’s Plan
– “10 Percent Plan”
• Johnson’s Plan
– State Conventions
– Ratify Thirteenth Amendment
• Military Reconstruction
– Reconstruction Act
– Five Military Districts
– Ratify the Fourteenth
Amendment
– State constitution full suffrage
for former adult male slaves.
Reconstruction & Impeachment
• Southern Blacks &
Government
– Union League
– Hiram Revels
– Blanch K. Bruce
• “Scalawags”
– Southerners
• “Carpetbaggers”
– Northerners
• “Invisible Empire of the
South”
– Klu Klux Klan
– Force Acts 1870-1871
• Andrew Johnson vs.
Congress
– Tenure of Office Act
– Edwin M. Stanton
• Secretary of War
– Impeachment
• The Alaska Purchase
– William Seward
The Gilded Age
• Election of 1868
– Ulysses Grant
– “Waving the Bloody Shirt”
• Post-War Corruption
– “Black Friday”
• “Jubilee Jim” Fisk & Jay Gould
• Gold Market
– William “Boss” Tweed
• Samuel J. Tilden
– Crédit Mobilier Scandal
• Union Pacific Railroad
• Congressional Bribes
• Scandal in Grant’s Second
Term
– Whiskey Ring - Grant’s
Secretary
– Secretary of War William
Belknap – Bribes
• Panic of 1873
– Overabundance of
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Railroads
Mines
Factories
Fields
Loans
– Fires in Boston & Chicago
– Franco-Prussian War
The Gilded Age
• Currency Debate
– Greenbacks - “Soft Money”
– “Hard Money” - Backed by
Gold
– Silver
– Greenback Party
• Patronage
– Roscoe Conkling - Stalwarts
– James G. Blaine - HalfBreeds
• Election of 1876
– Rutherford B. Hayes –
Republican
– Samuel J. Tilden –
Democrats
• The Compromise of 1877
– Electoral Count Act
– Electoral Commission
• Solid South