Transcript Document

Ninja
Ninjas were professional spies and assassins
during the age of the samurai. Their origins go
back to the twelfth century when the samurai
class began to gain power. When the scale of
fighting increased in the fourteenth century, it
became necessary to conduct espionage activities
against enemy forces, and ninja became even
more active. Ninja remained active until the
beginning of the Edo period (1600 – 1868), when
social order was restored by the government in
Edo.
Ninja were called upon by their feudal lords to
gather information, plunder the enemy’s food and
weapon supplies, and kill individual targets. Their
specialized training included: flexibility exercises;
falling without injury; developing awareness;
exercises for developing balance, coordination,and
timing; as well as a vast array of techniques and
principle for self-defense, including weapons usage
and disarming methods.
Both men and women were ninjas. Female
ninjas were called “kunoichi.”
The primary disguise of a ninja was that of a
peasant farmer. Few people took notice of a
common peasant in medieval Japan. This meant
that many of a ninja’s weapons were common
farm tools.
Clothing
Since ninjas moved quickly, their costumes had to
be light in weight. Furthermore, because the ninjas
had to hide themselves frequently, the color of the
costumes had to be inconspicuous. The colors used
the most were dark blue, reddish gray, brown and
gray. Although the black costumes are the most
famous, black would actually catch the eyes of the
enemies, even in night. Therefore, the ninjas used
them only in religious festivals and never for
practical use.
The ninjas usually tied a piece of cloth on their
waists when living regularly as a farmer. When
they received special missions, they would cover
their heads with the cloth and change into Ninjas.
Writing
It is said that the ninja
had their own writing
characters, called
Shindai letters, in
addition to the
Chinese characters
that the Japanese
used. The characters
are hard to identify
and the ninja used
them to communicate
with others.
Weapons
Trick sticks
Ninjas used hollow sticks which had a metal piece
and chain hidden within. These sticks were used as
weapons as well as tools to disguise the ninjas as old
people.
Maki-bishi
The Maki-bishi is a pyramid shaped weapon that
has three sharp points. Among the three points, the
one in the top position would damage the feet of the
enemies when spread on the ground. The Makibishi were made of iron, bamboo, or by twisting
two needles. This weapon was usually used when
escaping from enemies.
Other weapons
The ninjas used other weapons, such as the Tekokagi,
an iron cat-claw shaped weapon, the Kunai which was
used to dig dry ground or to open holes in walls, and
the Saku which was used to open keys.
Shuriken
The iron Shurikens are the most famous weapon of the
ninjas. As the Shurikens were easy to carry around and
because they didn't produce any sound, and also for easy
use (they were simply thrown to the enemies), the Ninjas
frequently used the Shurikens- There were four types of
Shurikens; a stick type, a flat type, a cross type and a twolayer flat type.
How a Shuriken was really thrown
Shurikens were thrown in a way to
rotate in the air. And when a
Shuriken hits an enemy, it was best
to be in a vertical position against
the enemy's body.
Since it was natural for the
peasants to possess nails, they
were sometimes used as
Shurikens.
Sickles with chains attached
A sickle if a curved bladed tool for harvesting rice.
Ninjas would attach a chain to the sickle and then
swing it in the air. Either the chain or the blade
could great damage to the opponent. This was a
favorite weapon among women ninjas.
Trap ropes
The trap ropes are used for binding the enemy's arms or
legs in a very short time in order to capture them alive.
There are seven knots for these trap ropes, such as the
Ichimonji-nawa and the Ebi-nawa.
The Ebi-nawa was used to bind the
right arm to the left leg so the
enemy cannot move.
The Ichimonji-nawa and blinding
This Ichimonji-nawa was used to bind the enemy's
arms in one. The Ninjas also used red pepper
powder, spores, lime powder and charcoal powder to
blind their enemies. By throwing these powders into
the eyes, the enemies would be blind for a moment.
Rope ladders
It was normal for
peasants to own
rope. In this
disguise, ninjas
could use rope to
make ladders.
They could tie 3 or
4 sickles tight with
a rope and swing it
up to hook onto the
wall.
The Ninja sword
The swords that the Ninjas used were approximately
two feet long. The swords were rather wide compared to
the popular Japanese swords, and thick and straight in
form. In addition to piercing the enemies, the swords
were used in various ways. The sword itself was
sometimes used as a step when climbing high walls, and
the case of the swords were used for breathing in water
and hearing secret conversations beyond walls.
Ninja Breath Control
Ninja’s trained themselves to breathe in a fast
and rhythmic pattern when running long
distances, reducing mental stress, or focusing
their concentration. This technique would fill
their bodies with the maximum amount of
oxygen possible.
Breath In
Breath Out
Breath Out
Breath In
Breath Out
Breath In
Breath In
Breath Out
Start over again
Trick Houses
Ninjas lived in special homes called “trick houses.”
Although this house appears to be a typical farm house, it
actually has many tricks and traps inside of it. If an
enemy invaded the house, the ninja would escape through
revolving walls, hidden stairs, or down rope ladders.
By pushing a certain spot on the wall, the
wall revolves and changes into an entrance
of another space. The enemy will not notice
the existence of the hidden entrance as it will
revolve again and fit in the original position.
By inserting two cards in the top and
bottom position of the frame on the left,
a large horizontal bar would drop down.
Then the panel would open aside
allowing the ninja to escape through it.
Hidden ladders could be triggered to fall
with one push in the right place on a wall or
the ceiling.
When stepping on a certain position on a
floorboard, the opposite side of the board,
with a hidden sword attached to it, would
lift up. Swords were usually hidden in
places where nobody would normally walk
in the house.
Entire walls could slide open allowing a ninja to
suddenly appear in a room.