Transcript Chinese Nationalism - Churchville Central School District

Japan
Japan
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Japan consist of four main islands off the coast
of Asia
Because Japan was an island nation it was
relatively isolated with limited exchange of ideas
and goods
Little is known of Japan prior to 400 C.E.
Japan was influenced by China and Korea
The Yamato Clan was the first and only clan to
rule Japan (They still rule today)
Japan
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Shinto
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“The way of the gods”
Worshipped kami
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Nature and all the forced of
nature seen and unseen
Under Shinto the idea is to
become one with kami
Uses ritual and customs
Encourages obedience and
proper behavior
The belief that the emperor
was a descendent of the sun
god-thus divine
Japan
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Chinese Influence
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The Chinese had a tremendous influence on Japanese
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Art
Architecture
Literature
Religion
Both Confucianism and Buddhism arrived in Japan by the
700’s
Japan soon became the center for Eastern Asia study of
Buddhism
Most Japanese adopted Buddhism while still practicing Shinto
Japan
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Japan borrowed the legal
codes of the Tang
Dynasty called the Taika
Reforms
Japan also built their
capital city modeled after
the Tang Capital
However the Japanese
rejected Confucianism
and the civil service
exams
Japan
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Class Question
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Why would the Japanese reject Confucianism and
the civil service exams?
Japan
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It placed too much importance on education.
In Japan your rank at birth was more important
to your status as a person
Class systems in Japan were based on heredity
Japan
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The Fujiwara
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By the early 800’s the Emperor
wanted to break free of the
Buddhist influence
The capital was moved to Heian
Japanese consciousness developed
Aristocratic families began to
increase
One aristocratic family who
through intermarriages with the
emperors families gained power
were the Fujiwara
Japan
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Fujiwara
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Began to run the affairs of the
country
Power shifted from the emperor to
the Fujiwara family
The emperor was seen as only a
figurehead
Under the Fujiwara there was
Golden Age of Japanese
 Art, literature
Women were also seen as having
rank in Japan
 Some women were nobles
Japan
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Taira-Minamoto War
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While the Fijiwara had increased Japanese culture they had
neglected the military
They had delegated military matters to various clans
These clans became powerful and began fighting for land and
power
A civil war broken out between two of the strongest clans
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Taira
Minamoto
The Taira at first won and controlled the government
however the Minamoto rose up, defeated the Taira in a five
year civil war and took control of the government calling it a
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Shogunate
Japan
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However by the 12th
century with the large
influx of noble families
everyone was fighting for
land in Japan
Japan would develop a
feudal system like
Europe
Japan
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Feudal System
The feudal system in Japan developed at the same
time as the feudal system in Europe-however neither
had knowledge of the other
 As stated before the Emperor was only a figurehead
 In 1192 Yoritomo Minamoto was given the title of
Shogun or chief general
 Below the Shogun were the daimyo
 Below the Shogun were the Samurai
 Below the Samurai were the Peasants
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Japanese Classes
Samurai
Daimyo
Shogun Ashikaga Takauji
1305 - 1358
Feudal Japan v. Feudal Europe
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Japan
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Emperor –figurehead
Shogun
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King –usually a
figurehead
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Lord-L
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Warriors who held small
pieces of land
Peasants
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Landowner
Samurai with noble blood
Samurai
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Europe
Chief General
Daimyo
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Enough said
Knights
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Large landowner
Noble blood
Warriors who held small
pieces of land
Peasants
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Enough said
Feudal Japan v. Feudal Europe
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Similarities
Peasants
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Worked to support the upper classes
Each hierarchy was based on land for loyalty exchange
Differences
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Women in Japan were treated with higher respect-some were nobles
The land ownership contract in Europe was based on law
The land ownership contract in Japan was based on group identity and
loyalty
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I am what I am a samurai and I know my place in society
Both systems were based on culture
Japan
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Important Shogunates
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Kamakura Shogunate
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1200-1300
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Kept Khubiliai Khan’s Yuan China from invading Japan
Ashikaga Shogunate
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1336-1573
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Developed a strong sense of Japanese culture
 Painting, music, philosophy, landscaping
Strong economic trade
Zen Buddhism
Tea Ceremony
Lost power when it was unable to stop a series of civil wars
Japan would be divided in civil wars from 1573 to the middle 1600’s
Japan in Chaos
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By the age of feudalism in 1338 the daimyo
seemed to reject the ideas of peace of Zen
Buddhist religion and began to warring among
themselves.
They soon destroyed the Ashikaga Shogunate,
the city of Kyoto and the order and structure
that once was Japan.
The Emperor was seen as just a figurehead, a
symbolic leader of the Shinto religion.
Japan in Chaos
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New warlord formed alliances with merchants
who were bringing raw materials from China.
Soon this influx of trade caused the competing
warlords to war against each other.
Soon this lead to a civil war.
In the 1580’s one warlord Hideyoshi will gain
control of Japan and attempt to spread beyond
Japan into Korea, Manchuria and China.
Tokugawa-Edo Period
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When Hideyoshi dies in
1598 his successor
withdraws from the
Asian territories and
begins to work on
centralizing Japan.
In 1603 Tokugawa
Ieyasu will become
Shogun and place the
Tokugawa Shogunate in
power of Japan until
19C.
Tokugawa
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The Tokugawa will allow the daimyo to still
keep local power while the Tokugawa will retain
central authority.
They will establish Edo (Modern day Tokyo) as
the capital.
The Tokugawa will establish trade routes (Rice
Routes) throughout Japan.
By 1700 Edo will have 1 million people
Tokugawa
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There will be an economic
boom in Japan.
Major urban centers will
grow all through Japan.
Manufacturing such as steel
making, pottery, lacquer and
porcelain will develop.
Trade with China will be
curtailed.
Piracy will be encouraged.
Tokugawa Isolation
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Trade with foreigners
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In 1543 Portuguese will arrive and will bring firearms to
Japan
By 1570’s the Japanese who took a great interest in the
weapons had now made copies and were using them to fight
in the civil wars.
When the Tokugawa take control they will strictly control the
trade with the Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese
Porcelain was the chief export while the Japanese care little
for the European goods.
Tokugawa Isolation
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The Dutch and Chinese
were restricted to trade
on the island of
Deshima.
Silver and copper were
restricted.
Western books were
banned.
Tokugawa Isolation
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Christianity
Japanese are going to learn of the new religion from
Jesuit missionaries.
 The religion holds great interest in Japan and by the
1600’s about 300,000 convert
 The Tokugawa feared that the new religion would
destabilize the country and by 1614 there was an
edict forbidding the practice of Christianity.
 Punishment was crucifixion or beheading
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Tokugawa Isolation
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Christianity
By the late 1600’s the
practice of Christianity
was all but over.
The government also
forced the people to
show proof of their
attendance to their
Buddhist temple and
their obedience to the
shougunate.
Tokugawa Isolation
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With the cutbacks in trade and the elimination
of Christianity all Europeans were banned from
Japan except for the Dutch.
The Tokugawa also faced internal problems with
the rapid population growth and how to balance
economic problems with food supply and work.
Lack of warfare also posed a problem
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Daimyo and the samurai had little function in
society.
Tokugawa Isolation
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Japan was beginning to
develop as a
manufacturing society.
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The merchant class was
ever growing and pushed
Japan into a period of
economic and social
growth.
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Kabuki Theater
Artistic expression
Woodblock prints
New shops and
restaurants.
Tokugawa Isolation
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Merchants also controlled the money and started
to develop lines of credit.
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Merchants gave credit to the daimyo and samurai
whose income was based on rice trade.
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The rice trade declined due to the lack of farmers and the difficulty in
producing rice.
Merchants also disregarded the laws and would raise and lower the
price of rice to suit their needs and not the needs of the samurai.
Now the daimyo and samurai were financially under the control of
the merchant class.
Tokugawa Isolation
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Confucian Ideas
Like China, Korea and Vietnam Japan also accepted
the idea that agriculture should be the basis of state
wealth.
 Merchants were seen as morally corrupt.
 However the decentralized government of Japan
could not regulate all merchant activities and the
merchant class began to dictate society.
 Merchants enjoyed freedoms and influence.
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Tokugawa Isolation
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The Tokugawa
While the government remained very traditional the
society around them was becoming very commercial
and progressive.
 Old traditional ways were being cast aside and a
more modern Japan was developing while the
Tokugawa shogun was still living in the past.
 During the late period the Tokugawa also had to
deal with a series of natural disasters which further
drained the economy.
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Tokugawa Isolation
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In 1854 The United States would arrive on the
shores of Japan and with the U.S.’s new military
might would force the Tokugawa to make a
decision to open up trade and ports.
The Tokugawa would have no alternative and
opened up trade to the U.S.
It would be the end for Japanese isolationism
and the beginning of a new and modern Japan.