Transcript Air Quality Training for Gas Company Account Executives

Air Quality Permitting
Case Studies
March 15, 2006
Peter J. Moore
Yorke Engineering
949-248-8490 x24
Agenda
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Overview of Permitting
Equipment Information
Emission Calculations
Forms
Rule Evaluation
New Source Review
Health Risk Assessment
RECLAIM
Title V
Once You Receive Your Permit-to-Construct
Resources
Overview
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What requires a permit?
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Equipment Categories
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Anything that emits pollutants
Boilers >2 MMBTU/hour
Internal Combustion Engines >50 bhp
New construction
Modification of existing equipment
SCAQMD Rule 201
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"A person shall not build, install, erect,
alter or replace any equipment, the use
of which may cause the issuance of air
contaminants or the use of which may
eliminate, reduce or control the
issuance of air contaminants without
first obtaining written authorization for
such construction from the Executive
Officer"
Criteria Pollutants
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Sulfur Dioxide (SOx)
Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx)
Ozone
Lead
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Particulate Matter (PM)
Precursors are also regulated
Pollutant Precursors
Pollutant
Ozone
PM10
SOx
Precursors
NOx, ROG
NOx, SO2, ROG
SO2, SO4, PM
Equipment Information
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Specific equipment information will be put
into the permit
Collect detailed information about the
equipment
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Equipment rating (as indicated on nameplate)
Manufacturer’s spec sheets
Photos
Exhaust stack parameters
Emissions data
Equipment Description
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Boiler
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BOILER, NO. 1, CLEAVER BROOKS, MODEL CB-LE, FIRETUBE TYPE, WITH A NATURAL GAS FIRED, LOW NOX
BURNER, PROFIRE MODEL NTH, RATED AT 4,200,000 BTU
PER HOUR, AND EQUIPPED WITH A FLUE GAS
RECIRCULATION SYSTEM
Internal Combustion Engine
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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, CUMMINS, MODEL
GTA8.3-HC-G2, NATURAL GAS FUELED, RICH BURN, FOUR
CYCLE, SIX CYLINDERS, TURBOCHARGED, AFTERCOOLED,
RATED AT 219 B.H.P., WITH A NON-SELECTIVE CATALYTIC
CONVERTER, JOHNSON MATTHEY MODEL BX50-6, AND AN
AIR/FUEL RATIO CONTROLLER, NEUTRONICS MARK V,
DRIVING AN ELECTRIC GENERATOR
Forms
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Download forms from:
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www.aqmd.gov/permit/forms.html
400-A (1 for each piece of equipment)
400-E-9a (Boiler)
400-E-13b (I.C. Engine)
400-CEQA (1 for each application)
400-XPP (optional expedited)
Rule Evaluation
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Rule 212: Standards for Approving Permits
Rule 219: Exemptions from Permitting
Rule 301: Fees
Regulation IV: Prohibitions
Regulation XI: Source Specific Standards
Regulation XIII: New Source Review (NSR)
Rule 1401: NSR of Toxic Air Contaminants
Rule 212:
Standards for Approving Permits
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Public Notice is required if:
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New or modified equipment that results in
increase in air emissions within 1000 feet of a K12 school
Cancer risk increase >1 in one million for facilities
with more than one permit unit
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Unless you can demonstrate facility risk is less than 10 in
one million
Cancer risk increase >10 in one million for
facilities with one permit unit
Nearest School
Montessori Academy, 9062 Firestone Blvd.
Exhaust
Stacks
Rule 219: Equipment Not Requiring
a Written Permit
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Lists equipment that is exempt from
permitting
Always review to see if there is an
exemption for your equipment
Boilers <2 MMBTU/hour
Internal Combustion Engines <50 bhp
Rule 301: Permit Fees
Look up equipment category in Tables IA
(Control Equipment) and IB (Basic
Equipment)
Look up fees on table of Summary Permit
Fee Rates
Expedited processing: para. 301(y)
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50% additional fees
Small Business: para. (c)(1)(E)
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50% discount on fees
Identical Equipment: para. (c)(1)(F)
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Fee for second unit is 50% of first
Regulation IV: Prohibitions
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Rule 401: Visible Emissions
Rule 402: Nuisance
Rule 404: Particulate Matter-Concentration
Rule 405: Solid Particulate Matter-Weight
Rule 431.1: Sulfur Content of Gaseous
Fuels
Regulation XI:
Source Specific Standards
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Rule 1110.2: Emissions from Gaseous- and
Liquid-Fueled Stationary Internal Combustion
Engines
Rule 1146 (Large boilers)
Rule 1146.1: Emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen
from Small Industrial, Institutional and
Commercial Boilers, Steam Generators, and
Process Heaters
Rule 1146.2 (Water heaters, small boilers)
New Source Review
Regulation XIII:
New Source Review (NSR)
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Rule 1303: Requirements
Rule 1304: Exemptions
Rule 1306: Emission Calculations
Major concepts:
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BACT
Offsets
Modeling
NSR:
Best Available Control Technology
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Required for all new equipment and any
modification that increases emissions
BACT is determined on a case-by-case basis
Use BACT listings to find comparable
equipment
The SCAQMD publishes a separate document
for “Non-major polluting facilities” (minor
source BACT)
NSR: Offsets
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Adding new pollutants to the air may
need to be “offset” by purchasing
Emission Reduction Credits (ERC)
Calculate the facility Potential-to-Emit
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Maximum operating schedule for all
permitted equipment for one year
If PTE exceeds thresholds, offsets are
required [Rule 1304 para. (d)]
NSR: Modeling
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Modeling determines whether the emissions
from the new equipment will cause a violation
of the clean air standards
Requires use of an air quality simulation
model
For small equipment, modeling is satisfied by
exemption:
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1303, Appendix A, Table A-1
Health Risk Assessment
Rule 1401:
NSR of Toxic Air Contaminants
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Required to perform health risk
assessment for any increase in toxic air
contaminants
Calculate health risk indices:
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Maximum Individual Cancer Risk (MICR)
Cancer Burden
Acute Health Risk Index (HIA)
Chronic Health Risk Index (HIC)
Toxic Air Contaminants (TAC)
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There are a large number of toxics to
be considered, for example:
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Benzene
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Acrolein
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
TAC’s cause health risk impacts
Health Risk Assessment Guidelines
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Determine TAC emission rates
Determine distances to nearest
receptors
Calculate health risk indices per
SCAQMD guidelines
Aerial Photo
Exhaust
Stacks
IMA Polluter
Facility Boundary
Nearest Offsite Worker
Offsite
worker
Exhaust
Stacks
Nearest Residence
Residences
Exhaust
Stacks
Health Risk Index - MICR
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Maximum Individual Cancer Risk (MICR)
Long term impact
Probability that an individual will contract
cancer over 70 years (resident receptor) or
40 years (commercial receptor)
Must be < 1 x 10-5 (10 in one million) for new
equipment
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<1 x 10-6 to avoid public notice
Health Risk Index - Chronic
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Chronic Hazard Index (HIC)
Long term, non-cancer health effects
Must be < 1.0 for all target organs
Health Risk Index - Acute
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Acute Hazard Index (HIA)
Short term (1-hour average) health
effects
Must be < 1.0 for all target organs
What Are Target Organs?
Specific systems in the human body that are affected by TACs
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Symbol
Description
Chronic
Acute
X
AL
Alimentary system (liver)
X
BN
Bones and teeth
X
CV
Cardiovascular system
X
X
DEV
Developmental
X
X
END
Endocrine system
X
EYE
Eye
X
X
HEM
Hematopoietic system (blood)
X
X
IMM
Immune system
X
X
KID
Kidney
X
NS
Nervous system
X
X
REP
Reproductive system
X
X
RESP
Respiratory system
X
X
SKIN
Skin
X
X
Tier I Screening Evaluation
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Max Annual Controlled Emissions (tons/year)
Max Hourly Controlled (lbs/hr)
Look up tables in: “Risk Assessment Procedures
for Rules 1401 and 212”
 Check for most recent version!
If emissions are lower than screening levels, Rule
1401 is satisfied. If not, proceed to Tier II
Tier II Risk Assessment for MICR
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MICR = CP x DI x MP
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CP: cancer potency factor (mg/kg-day)-1
DI = Dose inhalation (mg/kg-day)
DI = Cair x DBR x EVF x 10-6
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Cair = Qtons
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Cair = concentration in air (µg/m3)
DBR = daily breathing rate (L/kg-day)
EVR = Exposure value factor (unitless)
1 x10-6 = convert µg to mg(10-3 mg/µg), liters to cubic meters (10-3 m3/l)
x
X/Q
x
AFann
x
MET
Qtons = Emission rate (tons/year)
X/Q = Dispersion Factor ((µg/m3)/(ton/yr)
AFann = Annual Averaging factor
MET = meteorological correction factor (unitless)
MP: multipathway factor (unitless)
MICR = CP x ((Qtons
x
X/Q
x
AFann
x
MET) x DBR
x
EVF
x
10-6) x MP
Chronic Index Equation
T otalHICtarget organ
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 Q yrTAC  X/Q  MET  MP 
 

Chronic
REL
TAC
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target organ
HIC Chronic hazard index (calculated for each target organ)
TAC Sum of the contribution for each Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC)
QyrTAC Emission rate of each TAC (tons/year)
X/Q Annual average dispersion factor (g/m3)/(ton/year)
RELTAC Chronic Reference Exposure Level (g/m3) for each TAC
MP
Multi-pathway adjustment factor (n.d.)
MET Meteorological correction factor (n.d.)
Acute Index Equation
T otalHIAtarget organ
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 Q hrTAC  X/Qhr 
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Acute
REL
TAC  target organ
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HIA
Acute hazard index (calculated for each target organ)
TAC
Sum of the contribution for each Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC)
QhrTAC Emission rate of each TAC (lb/hour)
X/Qhr Hourly average dispersion factor (g/m3)/(lb/hour)
RELTAC Acute Reference Exposure Level (g/m3) for each TAC
Cancer Burden Calculation
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Only Needed if MICR >10-6
Estimate Area (km2) with Risk >10-6
Multiply Area by 4,000 - 7,000 persons/ km2
Multiply Total Persons by MICR
If Burden >0.5
 More detailed calculations or modeling
required
RECLAIM
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REgional CLean Air Incentives Market
NOx and SOx are only pollutants
regulated under RECLAIM
Facilities that have reported over 4
tons/year of NOx/SOx are in RECLAIM
RECLAIM permits look different
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“Facility” permit
Regulation XX
Differences in Permitting under
RECLAIM
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NSR for NOx/SOx is found in Regulation XX
(Rule 2005)
Existing rules do not apply to NOx/SOx
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E.g. NOx requirements in Rule 1110.2 and 1146.1
would not apply
For emission increases, facility must hold
sufficient RECLAIM Trading Credits (RTC) for
one year ahead
Additional fees in Rule 301(o) and (q)
Title V
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Title V is a Federal Operating Permit
program under EPA
Major sources of pollutants are subject
to Title V
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e.g. NOx or VOC PTE > 10 tons/year
Title V permits are also “facility” permits
Regulation XXX
Differences in Permitting under
Title V
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Additional forms
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Form 500 series
Requires certification of compliance
Additional fees in Rule 301(p) and (q)
Permits must be reviewed by EPA prior
to issuance (45 days)
Public notice
Once You Receive Your Permit
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Read it!!!
If there are errors or disputed
conditions, write to the permit engineer
within 30 days to negotiate corrections
If necessary file appeal to Hearing
Board within 30 days
Permit to construct is valid for one year
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Request an extension if you need one
Source Test
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Conduct source test
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Hire qualified source test company
Have them submit a source test protocol;
make sure that all permit conditions are
reflected in protocol
Notify SCAQMD of test date
Observe deadlines
Communicate with permit engineer if you
cannot meet deadlines
Ongoing Compliance
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When equipment is constructed, permit
to construct functions as temporary
permit to operate
Read carefully all monitoring and
recordkeeping conditions and do what it
says
Resources
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North American Industrial Classification
System (NAICS)
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Maps/Aerial Photos
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www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html
www.mapquest.com
terraserver.microsoft.com
maps.google.com
BACT Guidelines
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www.aqmd.gov/bact/BACTGuidelines.htm
Resources: Emission Factors
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EPA AP-42
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Ventura County Emission Factors
(external combustion only)
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www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.html
www.aqmd.gov/prdas/pdf/COMBEM2001.pdf
SCAQMD
(Annual Emission Report Guidelines)
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www.ecotek.com/aqmd/2005/forms_and_instructi
ons_pdf/0405_GuideBook.pdf
Resources
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Risk Assessment Guidelines
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www.aqmd.gov/prdas/Risk%20Assessment
/RiskAssessment.html#CurrentRiskAssessm
ent
Gas Company
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socalgas.com/business/resource_center/aq
_programs.shtml
PermitWorks Program
Questions & Answers
Peter Moore
Yorke Engineering, LLC
(949) 248-8490 x24
[email protected]
www.YorkEngr.com