Transcript Chapter One: The Sentence

Chapter One: The Sentence
Day 1: Sentences VS Fragments
8th Grade Language Arts
Proper Notetaking…
• Before we begin actually taking notes…
Here are a few tips and requirements of
notetaking:
– Always start with a title (the topic) and the
date so your notes are easy to find.
– Always write legibly.
– Always write down the definitions and at
least a few of the examples. This will help
you study!
Notetaking…
• Your notebooks will be graded every test day
and worth 50 more points. Here’s the
breakdown:
 5 points for title, 5 points for date
 15 points for definitions
 15 points for examples.
 5 points for legibility
 5 points for turning in on time
= 50 points
Sentences VS Fragments
• What is a sentence?
– contains a subject and a verb
– expresses a complete thought.
– begins with a capital letter and ends with
punctuation.
Ex. A butterfly with bright blue wings landed on the
flower.
Ex. Although it was raining, they went out to wait
for the bus.
Sentences VS Fragments
• What is a fragment?
– contains EITHER a subject OR a verb (not both!)
– does NOT express a complete thought.
Ex. Went out for a jog.
Ex. Sheila, the old milking cow.
Sentences VS Fragments
• How can we compare and contrast sentences
and fragments? How are they similar and how
are they different?
• Give examples of sentences.
• Give examples of fragments.
In Class Practice
In your notes, decide if the following groups of words are sentences or fragments. If it
is a sentence, capitalize the first letter and add the correct punctuation. If it is a
fragment, correct it. You should copy the whole sentence/fragment in your notes.
1. after he caught the baseball with both hands
2. doing the multiplication tables
3. a long, narrow passage with a hidden trapdoor at each end
4. after waiting for six hours
5. the gymnasium is open
6. last night there were about six television commercials every
half hour
7. instead of calling the doctor this morning about her sore
throat
8. are you careful about turning off unnecessary lights
9. beneath the tall ceiling of the church
10.in the back of the storeroom stands a stack of boxes
Chapter One: The Sentence
Day 2: Types of Sentences
8th Grade Language Arts
Types of Sentences
9/1/11
• Sentences are classified into four categories,
depending on the purpose.
– A declarative sentence makes a statement
and ends with a period.
• Ex. Mark wondered why the sky looks blue.
• Ex. Miriam Colon founded the Puerto Rican
Traveling Theater.
• Ex. Kevin threw the baseball back to the
catcher in time to make the play.
Types of Sentences
9/1/11
– An imperative sentence gives a command or
makes a request. Most imperative sentences
end in a period, however, a strong command
ends in an exclamation point.
• Ex. John, please close the door.
• Ex. Do your homework each night.
• Ex. Stop her!
– The subject of an imperative sentences is
always you. It’s called the “understood
subject”. (Who is doing the action?)
Types of Sentences
9/1/11
–An interrogative sentence asks a
question and ends in a question mark.
• Ex. What do you know about
glaciers?
• Ex. Was the game exciting?
• Ex. How are diamonds formed?
Types of Sentences
9/1/11
–An exclamatory sentence shows
excitement or strong feeling and ends
with an exclamation point.
• Ex. What a sight the sunset is!
• Ex. How thoughtful Tim was to rake
the leaves!
• Ex. Sarah won the free tickets!
In Class Practice
Provide the type of sentence and the punctuation.
1. Do you know what the word Hopi means INT (?)
2. It means “good, peaceful,” I believe DEC (.)
3. The Hopi live primarily in northeastern Arizona
4.
5.
6.
7.
DEC (.)
Have you been to Arizona INT (?)
Wow, the Grand Canyon is awesome EXC (!)
Please go see it IMP (.)
Meteor Canyon is interesting, too EXC (!) or DEC (.)
8. Western movies have been filmed near Sedona
DEC (.)
Homework!
• For homework, complete the two worksheets:
– Sentences and Sentences Fragments (and subjects
and predicates at the bottom)
– Classifying Sentences [at the bottom, rewrite each
sentence to perform the task asked in brackets]
• Ex. 1. George Catlin began painting professionally in
the 1820s. [Ask a question.] would become…
• When did George Catlin begin painting professionally?
• Any questions?!
Friday- September 7, 2012
Take out your homework
from last night.
Chapter One: The Sentence
Day 3: Complete & Simple
Subjects & Predicates
8th Grade Language Arts
Label your notes for today:
CH 1: Subjects and Predicates
9/7/12
CH 1: Subjects and Predicates
9/7/12
• Every sentence consists of two parts: a
subject and a predicate.
• Remember, a sentence has a subject and
a predicate and expresses a complete
thought.
CH 1: Subjects and Predicates
9/7/12
• A subject is the ‘whom’ or ‘what’ the sentence
is about.
• To find the subject, ask yourself ‘who’ or
‘what’ is doing the action or about ‘whom’ or
‘what’ something is being said.
• The simple subject is part of the complete
subject.
CH 1: Subjects and Predicates
9/7/12
• The simple subject is the one word that tells
you who or what the sentence is about.
– The school bus my aunt drives is the one I ride to
school.
• The complete subject is that one word plus
the words that describe it.
– The school bus my aunt drives is the one I ride to
school.
CH 1: Subjects and Predicates
9/7/12
Find the simple subject in each sentence.
• Ex. The kitten with white paws is called Boots.
• Ex. Grandma found a beautiful antique lamp
at the garage sale.
• Ex. Two small boys were laughing and running
down the street.
• Ex. Her sealed envelope rested on the edge of
the desk.
• Ex. The largest salamander in the United
States is the Pacific giant salamander.
CH 1: Subjects and Predicates
9/7/12
Find the complete subject in each sentence.
• Ex. The dangerous trip over the mountains
took four days.
• Ex. Someone in this room is about to get a big
surprise!
• Ex. The hungry tiger was pacing back and forth
in the cage.
• Ex. Stamp collecting is my father’s favorite
hobby.
CH 1: Subjects and Predicates
9/7/12
• A predicate, or verb, is the word or words that
tell something about the subject.
• The predicate (verb) is the action or what’s
happening in the sentence.
• The simple predicate (verb) is part of the
complete predicate.
• The predicate begins with the verb.
CH 1: Subjects and Predicates
9/7/12
• The simple predicate, or verb, is the main
word or word group that tells the action or
what’s happening in the sentence.
– A simple predicate could be a one-word verb like
“walked” or a verb phrase like “have rehearsed”.
– In this class, we will use the word verb for the
simple predicate.
• The words not and never are adverbs and are
not part of the verb or verb phrase.
– Ex. She didn’t believe me. not tells –to what extent
CH 1: Subjects and Predicates
9/7/12
• The simple predicate is the verb or verb
phrase that tells about the subject.
– The school bus my aunt drives is the one I ride to
school.
• The complete predicate is the verb and the
other words that describe it.
– The school bus my aunt drives is the one I ride to
school.
CH 1: Subjects and Predicates
9/7/12
Find the simple predicate in each sentence.
• Ex. The kitten with white paws is called Boots.
• Ex. Grandma found a beautiful antique lamp
at the garage sale.
• Ex. Two small boys were laughing and running
down the street.
• Ex. Her sealed envelope rested on the edge of
the desk.
• Ex. The largest salamander in the United
States is the Pacific giant salamander.
CH 1: Subjects and Predicates
9/7/12
Find the complete predicate in each sentence.
• Ex. The dangerous trip over the mountains
took four days.
• Ex. Someone in this room is about to get a big
surprise!
• Ex. The hungry tiger was pacing back and forth
in the cage.
• Ex. Stamp collecting is my father’s favorite
hobby.
Homework!
• For homework tonight, complete the Simple
and Complete Subjects and Predicates
Worksheet (Ex B #1-10, Ex C #1-10, and #1-10
on the back); due MONDAY
• Ch 1 test on Thursday, September 13
• Monday: Compound Subjects & Predicates
• Any questions?!
Chapter One: The Sentence
Day 4: Compound Subjects & Verbs
8th Grade Language Arts
Take out your homework from Friday!
CH 1: Compound Subjects & Verbs
9/10/12
• Remember! A subject is the who or what
the sentence is about.
• Remember! The verb is the action or
what’s happening in the sentence. It’s
telling us about the subject.
CH 1: Compound Subjects & Verbs
9/10/12
• Compound Subject- a compound subject
consists of two or more connected subjects
that have the same verb. The subjects are
joined by a conjunction such as and, or, or but.
– Two or more people or things doing one action.
• Keisha and Todd worked on the jigsaw puzzle.
• Either Carmen or Ernesto will record the
ceremony tomorrow.
• The boys and their pets will be showcased in
the parade.
CH 1: Compound Subjects & Verbs
9/10/12
• Try it by yourself!
In your notes, write down (only) the compound subjects.
1. Companies and corporations sell shares to stockholders.
2. Profits and losses by a company affect its stock's value.
3. Good times and good management increase a stock's
value.
4. Millionaires and ordinary people trade stocks worth
millions of dollars.
5. New York and Tokyo are sites of stock exchanges.
CH 1: Compound Subjects & Verbs
9/10/12
• Compound Verb- A compound verb is made
up of two or more verbs or verb phrases that
are joined by a conjunction and have the same
subject.
– One person or thing doing 2 or more actions
• The dog barked and growled at the stranger.
• You can leave now or wait for the others.
• Some plants sprout, bloom, and wither
quickly.
CH 1: Compound Subjects & Verbs
9/10/12
• Try it by yourself!
In your notes, write down (only) the compound verbs.
1. Stocks usually increase or decrease in value over time.
2. Bad management hurts and sometimes destroys a
company.
3. Today, people use the Internet and make trades on
computers.
4. Investors still want and need the help of stockbrokers now.
5. On any given day, the price of a stock rises or falls.
CH 1: Compound Subjects & Verbs
9/10/12
• Sometimes, both the subject and the verb
may be compound. In such a sentence, each
subject goes with each verb.
*both people are doing both actions.
• The guide and the hikers sat and waited for the
storm to pass.
• The boys and the girls loaded the buses and
headed to the game.
• Either you and your friends can be quiet or leave.
CH 1: Compound Subjects & Verbs
9/10/12
• Try it by yourself!
In your notes, make this table to find the subjects
and verbs on the next slide.
#
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Compound Subjects
Compound Verbs
CH 1: Compound Subjects & Verbs
9/10/12
• Try it by yourself!
In your notes, make a table to find the subjects & verbs.
1. Cheryl and Mark went to Florida and visited their relatives.
2. Gary and John practice the piano and played in the concert.
3. The dog and cat ran out of the house and chased the
mailman.
4. The football team and cheerleaders prepared for the game
and tried their best.
5. Cell phones and laptops are modern and have become very
popular.
Homework!
• For homework tonight, complete the top and
bottom exercises of the worksheet: #1-10 at
the top and #1-10 at the bottom. Due
tomorrow!
• Ch 1 test on Thursday! (Notebook check, too!)
• Tomorrow: Chapter 1 Review
• Spelling this week!
• Any questions?!