Transcript Cite It Right - University of Toronto

Cite It Right
Kathleen Scheaffer
[email protected]
September 2013
Adapted by Elisa Sze & Kathleen Scheaffer, from an earlier workshop designed by Joe Cox
What you need to know
• Your responsibilities
– U of T’s Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters
•
•
•
•
Ways to avoid plagiarism
Standard documentation formats
Citation management tools
Where to go for help with citations
Your academic responsibility
The University of Toronto’s Code of Behaviour on
Academic Matters (1995):
• Covers academic and scholarly integrity
• Applies to all U of T faculty and students
• Outlines punitive actions
• It is your responsibility to read and abide by the
academic code
• “Not knowing” the code is not an excuse for
committing an academic offense
http://uoft.me/Academic-Code
Offences outlined by the Code
(Section B)
It is an academic offence for a student to:
• Forge or falsify documents
• Use, possess, or obtain unauthorized aids for
academic exams, tests or work
• Allow another person to write one’s exam or test
(or writing someone else’s for them)
• Commit plagiarism (i.e., taking someone else’s
idea or work as your own)
• Re-use an assignment from another class
without instructor’s approval
• Concoct facts or reference sources
Offences outlined by the Code
(Section B)
It is an academic offence for a faculty member to
approve of any of the offences previously
outlined.
It is an academic offence for a faculty member or a
student to:
• Alter, forge, or falsify any academic record
• Engage in cheating or academic dishonesty
Penalties outlined by the Code
(Section C & Appendix C)
• 0 on the assignment (only for assignments worth 10% or
less of the final grade)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduction of the final grade
0 as the final grade in the course
Denial of privileges to use U of T facilities
Offence recorded on academic transcript
Suspension
Expulsion
Degree revoked
I don’t remember where
the idea came from, or
if it just popped into my
head. It will take too
much time to go back.
Do I still have to cite
anything?
Image source: Redon, O. (1900). Baronne de Domecy [Painting]. Retrieved from
http://search.getty.edu/museum/records/musobject?objectid=257416. Digital image
courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
For a class video
assignment, I’m using a
song that my friend
wrote for the
soundtrack. She gave me
permission to use it.
Do I still need to cite
the song?
Image source: ter Borch, G. (1668). The Music Lesson [Painting]. Retrieved from
http://search.getty.edu/museum/records/musobject?objectid=113249. Digital image
courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
How to avoid plagiarism
• Use references/works cited/bibliography AND intext citations
• Beware of cutting and pasting
• Use quotation marks when directly quoting
• Paraphrase carefully
• Be clear in distinguishing your ideas from those you
are citing
• Take notes carefully and fully
• Over cite rather than under cite
• Use common knowledge judiciously
• More tips: http://uoft.me/how-not-to-plagiarize
Which statement expresses common
knowledge?
(a) Claude Monet was an
Impressionist painter.
(b) Claude Monet was the
most important painter
of the Impressionist
movement.
Image source: Monet, C. (1873). Sunrise (Marine) [Painting]. Retrieved from
http://search.getty.edu/museum/records/musobject?objectid=133580. Digital image
courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
1. You will be given a
direct quotation from
the following journal
article:
Krmpotich, C. (2010).
Remembering and
repatriation: The
production of kinship,
memory and respect.
Journal of Material
Culture, 15(2): 157-179.
2. You will be given an
example of a
student’s paraphrase.
3. Spot the problem.
This exercise is adapted from the
video 1.4 Changing some words but
copying whole phrases produced by
The Critical Thinker Academy
(http://www.criticalthinkeracadem
y.com/14-changing-some-wordsbut-copying-whole-phrases.html).
Quotation:
“As the co-production of
kinship and memory is
explored, there is a need to
consider how memories are
shared and made collective –
or isolated and forgotten –
and even the manner in which
memories are restored. Haida
repatriation efforts
demonstrate the centrality of
material culture in the
construction, collectivization
and restoration of memory”
(Krmpotich, 2010, p. 176).
Student’s paraphrase:
Museums and cultural
institutions must consider
how memories are shared
and made collective, and
how memories are restored.
Haida repatriation efforts
demonstrate the central
importance of material
culture in the construction,
collectivization and
restoration of memory.
Quotation:
“As the co-production of
kinship and memory is
explored, there is a need to
consider how memories are
shared and made collective –
or isolated and forgotten –
and even the manner in which
memories are restored. Haida
repatriation efforts
demonstrate the centrality of
material culture in the
construction, collectivization
and restoration of memory”
(Krmpotich, 2010, p. 176).
Student’s paraphrase:
Museums and cultural
institutions must consider
how memories are shared
and made collective, and
how memories are restored.
Haida repatriation efforts
demonstrate the central
importance of material
culture in the construction,
collectivization and
restoration of memory.
Quotation:
“As the co-production of
kinship and memory is
explored, there is a need to
consider how memories are
shared and made collective –
or isolated and forgotten –
and even the manner in which
memories are restored. Haida
repatriation efforts
demonstrate the centrality of
material culture in the
construction, collectivization
and restoration of memory”
(Krmpotich, 2010, p. 176).
An example of an
appropriate
paraphrase
Student’s paraphrase:
Krmpotich’s research into
Haida repatriation efforts
emphasizes the vital
importance of material
culture in creating, sharing,
and reinstating collective
memory within aboriginal
communities (2010).
What information would you need in order to
give correct attribution for the following
quotation?
“You don’t sit down and say ‘I’m going to start
plagiarizing now.’ You are just going through
different ideas and you read a lot and you take
notes, you’re working on something, you go
away, you read something, you write it down …
I’m a fairly prolific reader, so sometimes I just
read ideas that meshed with my own.”
•
•
•
•
Who said it: Chris Spence
Source of quotation: a newspaper article
Who wrote the article: Kristin Rushowy
Title of the article: Chris Spence breaks silence
on plagiarism scandal
• Name of newspaper: The Toronto Star
• Date of the article: July 25, 2013
• Page number/URL to locate the article:
http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/07/25
/chris_spence_breaks_silence_on_plagiarism_sc
andal.html
In my latest paper, I
inserted my own sketch
of a public domain photo.
Since the photo is no
longer under copyright, I
don’t need to cite
anything.
True or false?
Image source: Evans, W. (1934). License Photo Studio, New York. [Photograph]. Retrieved from:
http://search.getty.edu/museum/records/musobject?objectid=52307. Digital image courtesy
of the Getty's Open Content Program.
You must cite:
• All published materials,
regardless of format
• Quotations
• Facts, statistics, tables,
figures
• Paraphrases
• Summaries
• Other people’s ideas and
opinions
• Photos, paintings,
sculptures
• Designs, logos,
templates
• Code, coding regimens,
standards
• Lectures
• E-mails, letters, phone
calls
How to cite
• Find out which citation style your instructor
prefers for assignments
• Be consistent within a single work
• Most citation styles require a combination of intext citations and a bibliography at the end of
your paper
• More tips: http://uoft.me/documentationformats
Because of a family
crisis, I had to rush
through my essay. I
don’t have time to
create a bibliography,
but since I have a few
in-text citations, I won’t
be penalized.
True or false?
Image source: Degas, E. (1872-1877). The Convalescent [Painting]. Retrieved from
http://search.getty.edu/museum/records/musobject?objectid=217373. Digital image
courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
Standard Documentation Formats
Let’s use the following publication as an example:
Author: David Fletcher & Mustafa Sarkar
Article title: A grounded theory of psychological
resilience in Olympic champions
Journal title: Psychology of Sport & Exercise
Volume: 13
Issue: 5
Publication date: September 2012
Pages: 669-678
APA
American Psychological Association. (2010).
Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association. (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
• Print: Inforum, Reference: 808.02 P976P6 2nd printing
• Purdue OWL Guide:
owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/
• APA Style FAQ:
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/index.aspx
• Free “Cite in APA” workshop:
http://current.ischool.utoronto.ca/workshops/2013/c
ite-apa
APA
In-text citation
One study found that numerous psychological factors
protect athletes from the negative effects of stress
(Fletcher & Sarkar, 2012).
APA
References
Fletcher, D. and Sarkar, M. (2012). A grounded theory of
psychological resilience in Olympic champions.
Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 13(5), 669-678.
Chicago
Chicago Manual of Style. 16th ed. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 2010.
• Print: Inforum, Reference 808.02 U58M16
• Full online manual: go.utlib.ca/cat/6662347 (the iSchool
contributes to this U of T subscription)
Chicago (Author-Date)
In-text citation
One study found that numerous psychological factors
protect athletes from the negative effects of stress
(Fletcher and Sarkar 2012, 672).
Chicago (Author-Date)
References or Works Cited
Fletcher, David and Mustafa Sarkar. 2012. “A
Grounded Theory of Psychological Resilience in
Olympic Champions.” Psychology of Sport & Exercise
13 (5): 669-678.
Chicago
(Notes-Bibliography)
Footnote/endnote
One study found that numerous psychological factors
protect athletes from the negative effects of stress.1
1
David Fletcher and Mustafa Sarkar, “A Grounded
Theory of Psychological Resilience in Olympic
Champions,” Psychology of Sport & Exercise 13, no. 5
(2012): 672.
Chicago
(Notes-Bibliography)
Bibliography
Fletcher, David and Mustafa Sarkar. “A Grounded
Theory of Psychological Resilience in Olympic
Champions.” Psychology of Sport & Exercise 13, no. 5
(2012): 669-678.
MLA
Modern Language Association of America. MLA
Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed.
New York: MLA, 2009. Print.
• Print: Inforum, Reference 808.02 G437M7
• Unofficial guide by Purdue OWL:
owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/11/
Turabian
Turabian. Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Research
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for
Students and Researchers. 8th ed. Revised by Wayne C.
Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams,
and University of Chicago Press Editorial Staff.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.
• Print: Inforum Reference has the 7th edition 808.02
T929M7 (8th edition is on order)
• Online quick guide:
http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/turab
ian_citationguide.html
Citation Management Tools
• The University of Toronto Libraries guide has
an excellent comparison table:
http://uoft.me/1wK
• Workshops on APA and citation management
tools are available. Register via:
– iSchool: http://uoft.me/fall2013iskills
– U of T Libraries:
http://resource.library.utoronto.ca/workshops/?so
urce=students
Help with citations
at the St. George Campus
• Writing Centre
www.writing.utoronto.ca
• English Language and Writing Support
(ELWS), School of Graduate Studies
www.sgs.utoronto.ca/informationfor/stude
nts/english
Online Help
• Purdue OWL: owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
• U of T Library Guides on citation:
guides.library.utoronto.ca/cat.php?cid=27434
– Guides are created by librarians from across
the University of Toronto Libraries system
– How to Avoid Plagiarism:
http://guides.library.utoronto.ca/plagiarism
Questions & Workshop Evaluation
Information Services @ the iSchool
Book an appointment with your librarian
Inforum (4th floor)
416.978.7060
[email protected]
http://uoft.me/ischool-inforum
References
Critical Thinker Academy. (2010). 1.4 Changing Some Words but Copying Whole Phrases [Video].
Retrieved from http://www.criticalthinkeracademy.com/14-changing-some-words-butcopying-whole-phrases.html.
Krmpotich, C. (2010). Remembering and repatriation: The production of kinship, memory and
respect. Journal of Material Culture, 15(2): 157-179.
Proctor, M. (2010). How not to plagiarize. Toronto: University of Toronto. Retrieved from:
http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/using-sources/how-not-to-plagiarize
Proctor, M. (2012). Standard documentation formats. Toronto: University of Toronto. Retrieved
from: http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/using-sources/documentation
Rushowy, K. (2013 July 25). “Chris Spence breaks silence on plagiarism scandal”, The Toronto
Star. Retrieved from
http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/07/25/chris_spence_breaks_silence_on_plagiaris
m_scandal.html
University of Toronto, Governing Council. (1995). Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters.
Retrieved from: http://www.governingcouncil.utoronto.ca/policies/behaveac.htm