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Which of the following statements is true concerning the climates of the U.S. and Canada? A The U.S. has more varied climate zones than Canada. B Canada has more varied climate zones than the U.S. C Both the U.S. and Canada have tropical wet climate zones. D Neither the U.S. or Canada has tropical wet climate zones. Factors that Affect Climate Factors Affecting Climates • Latitude • Air Masses • Continentality Factors Affecting Climates • Latitude • Air Masses • Continentality • Elevation • Mountain Barriers Factors Affecting Climates • Latitude • Air Masses • Continentality • Elevation • Mountain Barriers • Ocean Currents • Pressure Cells • Storms Spheres of the Earth What makes life possible on earth? How is EARTH made, and how does it make life possible? LITHOSPHERE Greek: Rocky Sphere Lithosphere • The solid, rocky crust covering the entire planet. It is inorganic and made up of minerals. It covers the entire surface of Earth from the top of Mount Everest to the bottom of the Mariana trench. Why does the SKY swirl and how does it make life possible? ATMOSPHERE Greek: Vapor Sphere Atmosphere • The body of air which surrounds our planet Where does the RAIN come from how does it make life possible? HYDROSPHERE Greek: Water Sphere Hydrosphere • All of the water on or near Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and moisture in the air What is life and how do its systems sustain themselves? BIOSPHERE Greek: LIFE Sphere Biosphere • All life forms on Earth Let’s see what we know… Which are you ready to answer, and which do you need a peek? An earthquake takes place in which sphere? A atmosphere B lithosphere C biosphere D hydrosphere Hurricanes result from a combination of forces from which two spheres? A atmosphere and hydrosphere B lithosphere and biosphere C biosphere and hydrosphere D hydrosphere and lithosphere Physical Geography definitions What other words do I need to know? Topography • The physical features of the Earth’s surface, such as landforms Delta • A triangular feature at the mouth of a river or stream, made up of silt formed by deposited sediment Plateau • An elevated area of relatively level land Plain • Land that is flat or gently rolling Drainage Basin • Area of land where precipitation (water) runs off into streams, rivers, and lakes Weathering • Wearing away of Earth’s surface caused by wind, water, ice, or chemicals Soil Building • Process where the breakdown of rocks and organic materials creates farmable land Ring of Fire • A zone that surrounds the land areas that ring the Pacific Ocean where volcanic and seismic activity occurs Erosion • Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away Glaciation • A period in time when the Earth is covered in great sheets of slow moving land ice Latitude • Imaginary lines running horizontally around the globe, equidistant from one another. The lines increase from 0° (equator) to 90 ° north and from 0° to 90 ° south Longitude • Imaginary lines running vertically around the globe. The lines are widest apart at the equator and meet at the north and south poles. Also known as meridian lines. 0 ° is the prime meridian. How does the hydrosphere affect the biosphere? A. The hydrosphere supplies people with water B. The hydrosphere erodes a mountainside C. The hydrosphere moistens gases as vapor D. The hydrosphere causes greenhouse effect World Populations Why is the population uneven across the globe? What countries have the most people? 1 billion 100 million 50 million 25 million 10 million 1 million < 1 million What countries have the greatest population growth rate? • Where are babies born outnumbering people dying? Less than 1.00% 1.00% - 1.50% 1.51%-2.10% 2.11%-3.00% More than 3.00% MIssing Where are babies born outnumbering people dying? Where is there a growing population? • What countries have the highest rate of population growth? Where is there a growing population? • WHICH countries and continents are increasing the world population? X Continentrepresents many countries BIRTH RATES! Who is having more babies? MORTALITY RATES! Who is dying earlier? Why is the population distributed like this? Why is the population distributed like this? Why is the population distributed like this? Why is the population distributed like this? European cities often clustered around rivers. The Amazon River and Rainforest and the Andes Mountains in South America have caused most cities to be located where? A along the rivers B in the south C along the coasts D in the west Most developing countries have larger population growth than developed countries. This is a result of higher birth rates in developing countries higher mortality rates in developing countries higher birth rates in developed countries higher birth rates and mortality rates in developed countries Migration What are the patterns of people leaving a place or going to a place? Describe this image using push and pull factors. Are these political, economic, social, or environmental factors? PULL PUSH What makes people leave a place? Which is a • economic reason? • environmental reason? PUSH FACTORS • political reason? • social reason? What makes people move to place? Which is a • economic reason? • environmental reason? PULL FACTORS • political reason? • social reason? People migrate for a variety of reasons. They are usually categorized as push and pull factors. Which of the following is a push factor? A religious freedom B political stability C better employment D natural disaster Human migration is the result of push or pull factors. Which of the following is a pull factor? A. better employment B. natural disasters C. higher local taxes D. political instability What are the patterns of people moving? Middle East women in Paris accompanied by male relative. • What changes when people move? • What conflicts emerge? Protesters gather to raise their objections to the French laws (Laicité) governing secularism and the present debate on Islamic practices in France at Place de République in Paris on April 2, 2011. The groups participating in the rally object to what they consider a false discussion on cultural aspects of Islam that incites Islamaphobia and stigmatization of Muslims living here in France. Photo by ©Will Crabb