Transcript Interaction with world

Green technologies
Is it necessary and
useful?
Agenda
• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions
17-Jul-15
2 of 30
Agenda
• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions
17-Jul-15
3 of 30
Green Technologies: A workman’s
definition
• Technologies that consume as little energy and power
as possible to deliver a solution
• Use materials that do not cause pollution to produce
• Produce no waste or easily disposable waste
• Scaling does not cause environmental nightmare
• Technologies that support green solutions
17-Jul-15
4 of 30
Agenda
• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions
17-Jul-15
5 of 30
Business 2.0 Magazine Mar’ 07
• 8 technologies for a green future
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Environmental Sensor Networks
Endangered species tracker
The interactive, renewable smart power grid
Autonomous ocean robots
Home hydrogen fuelling station
Toxin-eating trees
Nuclear waste neutralizer
Sonic water purifier
17-Jul-15
6 of 30
UIUC: Coordinated Sciences Lab
• The next phase of IT revolution may involve
the active interaction with the environment
– Achieved through the convergence of
communication and computation with control
(sensing and actuation)
17-Jul-15
7 of 30
Agenda
• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions
17-Jul-15
8 of 30
Common denominator
• Sensor network
– A few to 10’s of thousands
• Hybrid networks
– Ad hoc network for sensor connections
– Back haul networks
• Low energy consumption and longevity of network
• Signal processing
• Control systems
• Easy and simple interfaces
• Low cost
17-Jul-15
9 of 30
Ad hoc networks
• Wireless networks are formed by nodes with
radios
– There is no a priori notion of “links”
– Nodes simply radiate energy
• Nodes can cooperate in many complex ways
17-Jul-15
10 of 30
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
• Current proposal for operation: Multi-hop
transport
– Nodes relay packets until they reach their
destinations
– Fully decode packets at each stage treating all
interference as noise
– Interfering packets destructively collide with each
other
Interference
+
Noise
17-Jul-15
Interference
+
Noise
Interference
+
Noise
11 of 30
Multi-hop architecture
• Nearly optimal
• For implementation we need
–
–
–
–
Power control
MAC
Routing
Transport
17-Jul-15
12 of 30
Ad hoc sensor network issues
• How do we organize them?
– Distributed Real-time based systems
• What are the right abstractions?
What are the right
abstractions?
What is the
architecture?
• What should be the architecture of the
system?
– Application independent, Context independent
architecture
17-Jul-15
13 of 30
The Power Control problem
• How do we choose power levels of
transmissions in wireless networks?
– Power level influences range
– Power levels determine interference
– Power levels affect routes
• Conceptualization problem for Power Control
17-Jul-15
15 of 30
More Power Control problem
• Which Layer?
– Physical layer
• Quality of reception
– Network layer
• Impact on routing
– Transport layer
• Higher power impacts congestion
• How to fit Power Control in the hierarchical
OSI framework?
17-Jul-15
16 of 30
Agenda
• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions
17-Jul-15
19 of 30
A research Vehicle example
• In an Electric or a hybrid vehicle implement
various subsystems to
–
–
–
–
–
–
Make the vehicle environment aware
Manage vehicle navigation
Manage power and energy
Monitor and actuate remotely
Provide infrastructure for networking wirelessly
Provide extensive instrumentation for gathering
field data from vehicle and environment
– Allow subsystem selection for a given vertical
(application) of the vehicle (like a custom made
DELL computer!)
17-Jul-15
20 of 30
Intended applications
• Research
– Trying out various WSN, Wifi networks for a variety of
applications
• Delay tolerant networks
• Data collection
• Distribution of critical materials (life saving drugs, seeds, ……….)
– Trying out various DSP for building subsystems
• Some application domains with rural bias
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Health care
E-services
Disaster management
Mobile infotainment
Agriculture
Security: Integration of vehicle and home security
Autonomous vehicle
………………….
17-Jul-15
21 of 30
Communication System
• Wifi access point to act as a local hub and
connection to a wired LAN
• Wireless Sensor Network
• Ability to connect to a high speed LAN, CDMA,
GPRS, and dial-up lines
• FM transmitter
• AM, FM radio receivers
• TV tuner
• DTH TV
17-Jul-15
22 of 30
Environmental sensors
•
•
•
•
•
•
Weather monitoring system
Network presence detectors
Digital cameras
GPS receiver
Smoke and dust detectors
Ultrasonic distance measuring device
17-Jul-15
23 of 30
Typical “mobile” vehicles
17-Jul-15
24 of 30
Typical mobile health care vehicle
• Integrates
– ECG
– Emergency operations
– Many other functionalities
17-Jul-15
25 of 30
Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mobile healthcare
Mobile broadcaster
Mobile e-service provider
Mobile disaster management
Mobile e-post service
……………………………….
17-Jul-15
26 of 30
Wildlife studies
17-Jul-15
27 of 30
Agenda
• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions
17-Jul-15
28 of 30
Conclusions
• Green technologies are very important
• They make a business case
• WSN, Energy sources….are important
technology enablers
• Many challenges
• Many exciting applications
17-Jul-15
29 of 30
Thank you
Join the journey