Transcript How did black South Africans oppose apartheid?

Significance
How did black South Africans
oppose apartheid?
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Significance
Objectives
In this activity you will:
Learn how important Nelson Mandela was in
overthrowing apartheid.
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Significance
How did black South Africans
oppose apartheid?
You need to understand the terms below before you can
understand how black South Africans resisted apartheid.
Define the terms/concepts below, using slides 5-7, your
textbook, the internet and a dictionary.
Act
Apartheid
Bantustans
Boycott
Civil disobedience
Martyr
Massacre
Sanctions
Torture
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Significance
How did black South Africans
oppose apartheid?
Background
In 1948, the Nationalist Party, led by D.F. Malan, won the
elections and gained power in South Africa.
Malan introduced apartheid, which was to keep whites and
blacks separate.
The aim of apartheid was to maintain white political and
economic power.
Malan passed a series of laws, which established apartheid,
for example:
– 1949: Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act
– 1953: The Bantu Education Act (prevented blacks from attending
schools with whites. Blacks received poor educational opportunities.)
– 1953: Separate Amenities Act (meant that different races were
segregated in public. For example, blacks had separate ambulances.)
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Significance
How did black South Africans
oppose apartheid?
Black South Africans used different methods to oppose apartheid. Read the
following slides and complete this tasks in pairs:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Make a list of the different methods used by the opponents of apartheid.
Identify peaceful and violent methods.
Organise the methods into an order of importance.
Explain what you think was the most and least effective methods used
by the opponents of apartheid.
5. Finally, working in pairs, write two speeches. One speech supports the
use of violent methods against apartheid. The second speech condemns
the use of violence and supports peaceful methods of protest.
6. Read out your speeches to the rest of the class and discuss as a class
what you think was the most effective method used by the opponents
of apartheid.
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Significance
How did black South Africans
oppose apartheid?
One of the main organisations that opposed apartheid within South
Africa was the African National Congress (ANC).
It consisted of members from different races.
In 1952, they organised the ‘Defiance Campaign’.
ANC members ignored ‘whites only’ notices and attempted to get
arrested. This is a good example of Civil Disobedience.
In 1952, ANC membership increased from 7000 to 100,000.
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Significance
How did black South Africans
oppose apartheid?
The ANC help to organise marches and demonstrations
against apartheid.
In March 1960, a demonstration against apartheid took place in
the town of Sharpeville.
Police opened fire on the unarmed demonstrators, killing 63 people.
It became know as the Sharpeville Massacre, and countries around
the world condemned apartheid and the South African Government.
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Significance
How did black South Africans
oppose apartheid?
The South African Government increased
its persecution of opposition groups, and
banned the ANC.
In 1961, the ANC established an armed
group known as the ‘Umkhonto we Sizwe’
or ‘Spear of the Nation’.
Their leader was Nelson Mandela.
Their main tactic was to attack whiteowned property.
In 1962, Mandela was arrested and was
sentenced to life imprisonment.
During the 1960s, persecution of black
South Africans increased. Over 1.5 million
black South Africans were forced to move
into ‘Bantustans’, which were all-black
areas within South Africa.
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Significance
How did black South Africans
oppose apartheid?
In 1968, the Bureau of State Security was established
(BOSS). Its key role was to persecute people and
groups who opposed apartheid.
During the 1970s, many countries boycotted South
Africa. Sporting events were boycotted.
Economic sanctions were place on South Africa.
Large companies, such as Pepsi Cola, closed their
factories within South Africa.
New leaders emerged, such as Steve Biko, who
continued to resist apartheid. He was arrested in 1977
and was tortured. He died in police custody. Biko
became a martyr.
Other African countries, such as Zimbabwe, provided
financial, military and political support to the ANC.
By the 1990s, the white government realised it had to
negotiate with the ANC.
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Significance
How did black South Africans
oppose apartheid?
In 1992, the white President of South Africa, F.W. de Klerk and
Nelson Mandela signed an agreement to end apartheid.
In April 1994, the first democratic election was held.
The ANC won the elections, and in 1995 Nelson Mandela
became the first black President of South Africa.
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010