Transcript A SPREP Review of Approaches to Environment Monitoring

UNEP GOE-IEA Regional
Workshop, Thailand, ‘08
A SPREP Review of Approaches to the
State of the Environment in the Pacific
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
Review Goal, Objective & Outcomes
Goal:
TO IMPROVE SOE APPROACHES IN THE PACIFIC
Objective:
TO IDENTIFY PRIORITIES & DIRECTION FOR CAPACITY
BUILDING
Outcomes:
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
1.
REPORT ON STATUS OF APPROACHES TO SOE
2.
CASE STUDIES OF SOE IN SAMOA, KIRIBATI & FIJI
3.
REGIONAL PROGRAMME TO IMPROVE NATIONAL SOE
ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING
Review Parameters
• Countries: SPREP Member Countries: Cook Is, Fiji,
Kiribati, Marshall Is, FSM, Nauru, Niue, Palau, PNG,
Samoa, Solomon Is, Tonga, Tokelau, Tuvalu & Vanuatu.
• Review Levels: International, Regional, National & Local.
• Period Under Review: 1980 – 2007.
• Specific Country Case Studies: Fiji, Samoa & Kiribati
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
Review Methodology & Information Sources
• Review of Relevant References: SPREP IRC/Registry,
other IGOs (USP, SPC, SOPAC & UNEP) and SPREP
Member Countries
• Face-to-face & Email Consultations: with staff of
SPREP, other CROP Agencies – USP, SPC, SOPAC,
UNDP, CI, WCS, Birdlife International, & IUCN
Oceania – UNEP, ESCAP, ADB and key national
governmental, non-governmental and private
organisations in Fiji, Kiribati & Samoa
• Country Visits: Samoa, Fiji & Kiribati
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
Presentation of Review Findings &
Recommendations
1. Historical perspective on the evolution of Environmental
Assessments & Reporting (SoE) in the Pacific.
2. Environment Assessments & Reporting Landscape –
Global, Regional & National
3. Overview of SOE & Other Reporting by the SPREP &
Member Countries
4. Key Observations on Existing Assessments & Reporting
Approaches
5. Recommendations
6. Opportunities for the Way forward
7. Proposed Way Forward for SPREP the Organisation
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
1-1. Evolution of the State of Environment
Assessments & Reporting in the last Quarter
Century [1980-2005] in the Pacific
•Regional Treaties
& Plans, CROPs
mandates
•National Policies
Reporting Frameworks:
1980
1st Generation
of SOE Reports
– working docs
for the SPREP
Action Plan in
1982 of the
Secretariat
Pacific Regional
Reporting
Environment
Programme
Requirements:
SOERs & Others
•UN–MEAs,
Conferences, MDGs,
etc.
•Mandates of
UNAgencies – UNEP,
ESCAP, etc
1990
2000
2nd Generation
of SOE Reports
– stock taking
as part of the
NEMS
1st Generation of Reports for MEAs & Stock Taking for National
Environment Frameworks – NBSAP, NAPA, NIP, etc.
1-2 Evolution of Environmental
Research & Monitoring in the Pacific in
the last Quarter Century (1980-2005)
• UN-MEAs, MDGs,
etc.
•Mandates of
UNAgencies – UNEP,
ESCAP, etc
•Regional Treaties
& Plans, CROPs
mandates
•National Plans
Research & Monitoring Frameworks
1st Generation
of research –
scientific works
of the 19th
century to 20th
century and
weather/climate
data from the
19th century
1980
2nd Generation of research –
key baseline ecological &
geological surveys in ‘80s to
the ‘90s and continuing to
’00.
3rd Generation of research &
monitoring – measurements of
project/programme performance &
impacts from the ‘80s onwards.
4th Generation of research &
monitoring – integrated environment
measurements (relatively new
development)
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
1990
2000
Existing & Emerging Monitoring (Indicator)
Systems:
•Environment Assessments & Reporting Systems –
SOEs, MEAs, etc.
•Environment Sustainable Index (ESI)
•Environment Vulnerability Index (EVI)
•Pacific Action Strategy for Nature Conservation
M&E System (AS-M&E), ETC.
Research & Monitoring Development
Comparisons of ’80s, ’90s, & ’00s
SOEs indicate changes in longer time
periods (decades, centuries, etc.)
Indicator Systems if regularly updated
with data and data analysis can
provide regular updates of the state of
the environment / its components
2 - 3: National Environmental Assessments
& Reporting Landscape
MAIN
FRAMEWORKS
1.
Global
Frameworks
2.
Regional
Frameworks
3.
4.
PROCESSES
1.
2.
National
Programmes
National Agencies’
Mandates
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
3.
4.
Global Frameworks:
•
National Reports (UNCEDs &
MEAs)
•
Submissions to other UN
Agencies’ Reports
REPORTING
SCHEDULES
1.
Global Frameworks: Relevant
Schedules
2.
Regional Frameworks: Relevant
Schedules
Regional Frameworks:
3.
•
Country Profiles – SPREP
MTGs
•
Strategies – RT Working Group
Reports
National Programmes:
•
SOEs
•
Strategies: NBSAP, NIP, NAPA,
etc.
•
Sector Policy Reports
•
Etc.
National Agencies Mandates:
•
4.
Regional Plans / Strategies:
•
Nature Conservation –
Annual/5 Year
•
Climate Change –
Annual/None
•
Solid Waste Management –
Annual/5 Year
Regional Agencies’ Mandates
•
Annual
Annual Reports
Potential Implementation Start at the Local Level
3-1. Overview of SOE & MEA Reporting Achieved by
SPREP’s Member Countries in the Last 25 Years
Progress
1980
1990
Produced by
International
Experts
National State of the
Environment Reporting
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
Maximum
Number of
Reports
Required from
SPREP Member
Countries
2000
Produced by International/
Local Experts under
guidance of National
Stakeholders
3 National CBD Reports
(1st, 2nd & 3rd)
3 National UNFCCC
Reports (1st, 2nd, & 3rd)
Produced by National
Stakeholders with assistance
of International/Local
Experts
National UNCCD Reports
(1st, 2nd & 3rd)
3-2. Overview of the SOE & MEA reporting achieved
by SPREP’s Member Countries in the last 25 years
Quality & Value
• General snapshots of the state of affairs at the time of
reporting
• Largely descriptive with few quantitative & qualitative
trends analysis
• Largely commissioned in response to global & regional
processes and have provided/used to provide baselines
for grounding new policy frameworks & project
formulation
• Lack policy & legal basis
• Weak access to and use of potential resources for data
monitoring & data analysis
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
4. Key Observations on Existing Assessments &
Reporting Approaches
4.1 Driven & Govern by Global Frameworks (TopDown Approach)
4.2 Requirements have Expanded Beyond Capacities
of Pacific Island Countries Governments
4.3 Weak Coordination & Collaboration
4.4 Weakly linked to National Economic Planning
Processes
4.5 Limited grounding on Reliable Scientific
Quantitative Data & Data Analysis (Quantitative
& Qualitative)
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
4: Requirements have Expanded Beyond the
Countries Current Capacities
INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE
Its difficult for
governments to
acquire &
maintain
technical
specialists
needed for all
areas, that its
best to have
generalists
who can cover
wide ranges of
subjects
reasonably
well.
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
Global
Organisations
Global & Regional Reporting
Requirements
Global & regional
organisations developing
services to help countries
are primarily responsible
with the collection &
analysis of
information/data on the
conditions of the global &
regional environments
PICs National
Governance
Support Services for their
Countries’ Local Communities
Local Governance
Regional
Organisations
The development of
local communities’
environmental
monitoring,
assessment &
reporting has parely
started.
5. Recommendations
1. Scale down, streamline & harmonize Environment
Assessments & Reporting Requirements
2. Integrate Environment Assessment & Reporting to
Over-arching Regional, National & Local
Development Planning Frameworks
3. Develop Effective Long-term Monitoring,
Assessments & Reporting Systems
4. Develop Long-term Individual & Institutional
Capacity Building Processes & Programmes at
National & Local Levels
5. Strengthen Regional information/data monitoring
& assessment services
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
6. Opportunities for the Way Forward
1.
Scale down … Trial of Streamline Reporting to Biodiversity-MEAs
2.
Integrate … Emerging Work For Environmental Indicators in National
Sustainable Development Strategies & Pacific Plan and currently
developed & tested global assessments processes
3.
Develop Effective Environmental Assessment & Reporting…Emerging
Framework Processes, e.g. UNEP GEO-IEA, Regional Governance
Programmes (USP, FSPI, etc.)
4.
Long-term Capacity Building at National & Local Levels…Emerging decentralization of national governance to local governance, UNEP-EC
(SPREP) Programme of Capacity Building for MEAs in ACP Countries,
etc.
5.
Strengthen Regional Services…Regional Plans, experience &
Secretariat of the
information holdings of regional organisations (E.g. SPREP-IRC), and
Pacific Regional
Environment
emerging environmental indicator monitoring programmes (E.g.
Programme
SPREP-SOEs & Country Profiles, SOPAC-EVI, & SPC-PRISM)
6-1. Opportunities For the Way Forward
Conceptual Understanding of the Global Development Context For Building
Environmental Assessments & Reporting Capacities
Key Areas for
Capacity
The emphasis
now
building
on individual
interventions
is
Institutions
initiatives effectively
Quality of the
shaped
& consolidated
Environment & Quality
through efficient
of Environmental
Governance /
management
tools s/a
Management (SOE)
monitoring,
assessessment &
reporting that will
provide real
Processes, Structures
experience
to
& Capacities
for
Environment
transform
frameworks
Monitoring,
into pro-active
drivers
Assessment
&
Reporting
of
real sustainability
Secretariat of the
Outcomes
& the future
into
Pacific Regional
Impacts
(CHANGES)
Environment
Programme
Individual
For the last 50 yrs
(recent 25-30 yrs
for the Pacific
experience)
was
Society’s
Vision,
Aspirations
reactionary
vision&
Values
and institutional
(SCENARIOS)
framework Processes,
setting
to addressStructures
global&
Capacities for
issues was
the
Intergrating
emphasis Environment
(Agenda&
21)Development
Interventions &
Commitments
(CAPACITIES)
6-2. Opportunities For the Way
Forward…Capacity Building
e
ent
D
Dev
c
tan
ssis
elo
pm
nt A
me
elop
ecis
ion
s
Development
Assistance
and
Decision
Making
Dev
r
d fo ing
Nee Build
ity
pac
Resource
Ownership
and
Capacity
Building
Needs
Communities
Secretariat of the
Pacific Regional
Environment
Programme
Government
Ca
Ow
n
of R ership
esou
rces
Government
Communities
Diagram 1: There is inconsistency between community ownership
and use of resources and the resulting need for capacity to make and
implement sustainable resource management decisions (left hand
diagram) and the Government as the source of both development
assistance and decisions related to resource planning and utilization
(right hand diagram)
7. Proposed Strategy
1.
Strengthen environmental assessments & reporting to contribute effectively and
substantially to shaping national and local environment & development
governance and to become a strong feature of Pacific Island cultures.
1. Identify common set of environmental parameters relevant to all major
reporting requirements – MEAs, UNEP GEO, MDGs (Goal 7), SPREP Programmes
(Country Profiles) & National Programmes – COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
SETS & INDICATORS
2. Develop simple and practical monitoring, assessments & reporting programmes
to regularly collect data & carry out measurements – NATIONAL INTEGRATED
ENVIRONMENT MONITORING & REPORTING PROGRAMMES
3. Integrate assessments & reporting into national policies and legislations –
REGULAR UPDATES OF VITAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS, GRAPHS, for
national & local planning purpose, etc.
2. Strengthen SPREP’s integrated environmental monitoring & assessment
capabilities – FUNCTIONING REGIONAL NTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT & REPORTING PROGRAMME
1. Assist negotiation to harmonise reporting to global reporting obligations
2. Assist Development of functioning National Monitoring & Assessment
Programmes
Secretariat
of the
3. Assist
Long-term Capacity Building Processes (national & local)
Pacific Regional
Environment
4. Establish within its Programmes Regional Integrated Environmental Monitoring
Programme
& Assessment Capabilities