Transcript Remote Sensing Data Currently Available for Vector

Remote Sensing
Data Currently
Available for Vectorborne Disease
Modeling
Penny Masuoka
Uniformed Services University
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Katalin Kovacs
Science Systems and Applications Inc.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Overview of Presentation
Multispectral Imagery – what’s available and what to order
Data Products
- Weather Products
- Vegetation Indices
- Digital Elevation Models
- Land Cover
Example Imagery and Data Products: MODIS
Which Images to Use?
• Low resolution
Greater than 200 meter pixels
Country or continental scale studies
• Medium resolution
10 – 100 meter pixels
Regional studies
• High resolution
Less than 10 meter pixels
Local studies
Low Resolution - MODIS Image of Nile Delta - 1 km pixels
Medium Resolution
Cairo, Egypt
Subset of
Landsat
Thematic Mapper
False Color IR
30 meter pixels
Pyramids
High Resolution
IKONOS
image of
the
pyramids
1 meter pixels
The Resolution Trade Off
As spatial resolution increases:
• Spectral resolution (number of bands) decreases
• File size increases
• Cost increases
Lesson: Use the lowest resolution data that will get
the job done.
How do you decide which resolution?
Example: Estimating Mosquito Habitat Area in Korea
IKONOS – 4 m pixels
Landsat – 30 meter pixels
Estimate of
Habitat Area:
5,712,291 m2
Estimate of
Habitat Area:
5,909,175 m2
Source: David Claborn and Penny Masuoka
Either Landsat or IKONOS images could be used to estimate
mosquito habitat in Korea, but to cover a 100 by 100 km. area:
Sensor
Landsat ETM+
IKONOS
Cost
$600
$403,000
($600 per 185 x 185 km. scene)
($40.30 per sq. km.*)
*Price varies depending on location. ($27 per sq. km. in Central America)
DoD buyers must purchase through the National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency (www.nga.mil) and cost may be higher, but any imagery that
they already have is free.
Current High Resolution Multispectral Sensors
Satellite
Bands
Resolution
To Order
IKONOS
Blue, Green, 4 m. (multi)
Red, NIR,
1 m. (Pan)
Pan
www.spaceimaging.com
QuickBird 2
Blue, Green, 2.44-2.88
Red, NIR,
m. (multi)
Pan
61-72 cm.
(Pan)
www.digitalglobe.com
Orbview 3
Blue, Green, 4 m. (multi)
Red, NIR,
1 m. (Pan)
Pan
Still in check-out phase.
Products will be available
from www.orbimage.com.
SPOT 5
HRV-IR
Green, Red, 5 m. (pan) www.spot.com
NIR, MIR
10 m (multi)
20 m (MIR)
A Few Current Medium Resolution Multispectral Sensors
Satellite
Bands
Landsat
Enhanced
Thematic
Mapper +
7 multispectral, 30-60 m
http://edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov
(multi)
/EarthExplorer/
Pan
15 m (Pan)
EO-1
Advanced
Land Imager
9 multispectral, 30 m
http://edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov
(multi)
/EarthExplorer/
Pan
10 m (Pan)
SPOT-4
Green, Red,
NIR, MIR, Pan
20 m.
(multi)
10 m.
(Pan)
www.spot.com
Terra ASTER Green, Red,
NIR, 6 SWIR ,
5 TIR
15-90
meters
http://redhook.gsfc.nasa.go
v/imswww/pub/imswelcom
e/index.html
IRS-P6
LISS3
24 meters
http://www.spaceimaging.c
om/products/irs/index.htm
Green, Red,
NIR, MIR
Resolution
To Order
A Few Current Low Resolution Multispectral Sensors
Satellite
Bands
Resolution
To Order
Terra MODIS
Aqua MODIS
36 bands
250–1000 m http://redhook.gsfc.nasa.gov/i
mswww/pub/imswelcome/ind
ex.html
SPOT 4 and 5
Vegetation
Blue,
Green,
Red, NIR,
MIR
1000 m
ENVISAT-1
AATSR
Green,
Red, NIR,
SWIR, 3
TIR
1000 meters http://envisat.esa.int/dataprod
ucts/availability/
NOAA AVHRR
Red, NIR, 3 1100 meters http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/1KM/
TIR
1kmhomepage.html or
http://edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/E
arthExplorer/
www.spot.com
What we didn’t cover:
Radar
Future Satellites
Others: BILSAT,CBERS CCD, CBERS IR-MSS, CBERS WFI,
ENVISAT MERIS, EROS A, ERS ATSR, IRS MOS, IRS WiFS, IRS
OCM, Priroda/Mir MOMS, Priroda/Mir MSU-SK, Resurs OI N2 MSUSK, etc.
Find out more about these and others on this
NASA website:
http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/health/sensor/sensor.html
Data Products Derived from
Remote Sensing Data:
Weather Products (Precipitation, Temperature, Humidity)
Vegetation Indices
Digital Elevation Models
Land Cover
Weather Products
Uses:
Can monitor conditions that affect vector-borne disease outbreaks.
Source:
NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data (derived from ground stations, satellite data
and weather models):
http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/cdc/reanalysis/reanalysis.shtml
Total precipitation January - March.
Total precipitation July - September.
Average temperature January - March.
Average temperature July - September.
Source: Andrew Au, NASA
Vegetation Indices
Uses: A high vegetation index indicates wet conditions that can be associated
with a disease outbreak (such as Rift Valley Fever).
Sources:
MODIS vegetation indices:
http://redhook.gsfc.nasa.gov/imswww/pub/imswelcome/index.html
AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI):
http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/1KM/comp10d.html
Digital Elevation Models (DEM)
Uses:
Elevation can be a limiting factor in the location of
a disease.
Sources:
NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
http://srtm.usgs.gov/index.html
GTOPO30
http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/gtopo30/gtopo30.html
Low
Global Land One-Kilometer Base Elevation
(GLOBE)
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/topo/globe.shtml
High
Land Cover
Uses:
Land cover maps can be used to
define vector habitat areas.
Source:
http://LPDAAC.usgs.gov/glcc/globe_int.html
Land cover map
Example of Using Data Products: Bartonellosis in Peru
Elevation
Land Cover
Areas at Risk for
Bartonellosis
Bartonellosis occurs in agricultural areas at elevations between 1800
and 3400 meters.
Weather data could be added to this model to decide when and where
to spray pesticides.
Example: MODIS
• MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
–
–
–
–
–
Spatial resolution: 250m (2 bands), 500m (5 bands), 1km (29 bands)
36 spectral bands (Visible-IR)
Is on Terra and Aqua spacecraft
40 science products with daily volume of 880GB per instrument
Available for free on the internet
MODIS Products
MODIS
Ocean
Products:
MOD36 Ocean Color
MOD28 SST
…
Atmosphere
Land
Products:
Products:
MOD04 Aerosols
MOD05 Water Vapor
MOD09 Reflectance
MOD12 Snow Cover MOD06 Cloud
MOD35 Cloud Mas
MOD13 Vegetation
…
MOD14 Thermal Anomaly
…
To learn more go to: http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/
MOD09
image
Smoke over the
Eastern US
Source: http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/
MODIS Data products come in different
Spatial Resolution
250 m
500 m
1000 m
4 km
5 km
5 min
0.05 deg
0.25 deg
Etc…
Temporal Resolution
Versions
daily
8-day composites
16-day composites
96-day composites
Etc…
Version3 v003
Version4 v004
~But most products do NOT come with all these
resolutions and versions~
To learn more go to:
http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataproducts.html
… and Each MODIS Data product
has several data layers
(some have 2 and some have 13 or more)
For Example the MOD13 500m product has 11 bands:
1 500m 16-day NDVI
2 500m 16-day EVI
3 500m 16-day NDVI Quality
4 500m 16-day EVI Quality
5 500m 16-day Red Reflectance
6 500m 16-day NIR Reflectance
7 500m 16-day Blue Reflectance
8 500m 16-day MIR Reflectance
9 500m 16-day average view zenith angle
10 500m 16-day average sun zenith angle
11 500m 16-day average relative azimuth angle
What’s in a Name?
MOD13A1.A2003161.h11v05.004.2003183014032.hdf
Product short name
Spatial Resolution (in general)
A2=1km
A1=500m
Q1=250m
Acquisition date year day of year format
SIN tile location horizontal and vertical
version
Hi!
I’m
Bob.
Terra MODIS product
Aqua MODIS product
names start with MOD
names start with MYD
What are SIN and ISIN GRIDs?
ISIN
ISIN Grid
Grid
Grid Cell Sizes:
30 arcsec (0.93 km)
15 arcsec (0.46 km)
7.5 arcsec (0.23 km)
MODLAND Val. – Jan. 22, 2001
10 degree Tiles
4
Source: Robert Wolfe
Confused?
Try the Frequently Asked Questions Page:
http://redhook.gsfc.nasa.gov/~imswww/3.5/imswelcome/imswww.faq.html
To learn how to order data:
http://redhook.gsfc.nasa.gov/~imswww/Tutorial/main.html
To order data go to:
http://redhook.gsfc.nasa.gov/imswww/pub/imswelcome/index.html
Once you find the data, you will
need to
• Get it on your computer
 use FTP or read it in from media (8mm tape, CD, DVD)
• View it
 use a free HDF tool or an image processing software
• Reproject it
 use the free MODIS Reprojection Tool or GIS software
Free HDF tools: http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS/software.shtml
Free Projection tool: http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/tools/modis/
At this point you may be saying:
Help!!!
I don’t know how to process
remote sensing data!
NASA may be able to help…
Example Customized MODIS Products for Federal
Agencies: MODIS Rapid Response System
History
– Summer 2000, MODIS images used by US Forest Service in
fighting fires in Montana/Idaho
– 2001 Rapid Response system produced automated, near real
time MODIS images for monitoring fires and other natural hazards
– Products are posted on the web within 3-6 hours from acquisition
http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov
Applications and Customers
– US Forest Service - active fire locations
– USDA Foreign Agricultural Service – monitoring crop stress and
drought
– Department of Defense – mission planning/monitoring weather
and dust in Afghanistan and Iraq
– Environmental Protection Agency – monitoring hazardous material
sites, Iraq war (smoke)
Example MODIS Rapid Response Product
Fires in
Australia
Feb 4, 2003
Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/Sentinel/
Discussion
There are many remote sensing images and products
currently available.
Use of the images/products requires a great deal of
expertise.
Partnerships between remote sensing scientists,
modelers, entomologists, etc. will be necessary to
create effective decision support systems for disease
prevention.
Thanks to the following people for helpful
suggestions on this talk:
Robert Venezia
Timi Vann
Brian Zeichner
Richard Wells