Transcript A2 DT4 Notes - Morriston Comprehensive School Moodle

A2 DT4 Notes
Human Responsibility
Human Responsibility - Laws
Human Responsibility
• Who is responsible for a product, its
design, manufacture sale and disposal?
• Is it the:
– Designer
– Manufacturer
– Retailer
– User
– Client
Designer’s legal responsibilities
• A designer needs to comply with certain
legalalities; what are they?:
• BSI and ISO, Patent Customer support,
Legislation, Consumer opinion in a
competitive market, consumers rights
Consumer’s Rights
• ECC-NET
• To assist EU citizens in matters related to crossborder shopping,
• In 2005 the EU launched the European
Consumers Network (ECC-NET). The network
already consists of 29 European Consumer
Centres (in all 27 Member States, Iceland and
Norway), which work together to keep
consumers informed and assist in the resolution
of cross-border complaints and disputes.
Examples of ECC-NET purpose
• A consumer from the Czech Republic
purchased a satellite receiver via internet
from a German trader. Since it proved not
to be fully functional, he sent it back to the
retailer to have it repaired. After a month,
the consumer contacted the trader - but in
vain. He then approached the Czech ECC,
which cooperated with ECC Germany and
eventually the consumer received his
repaired satellite receiver.
Legislation
• There is a plethora of recent and future legislation to encourage
sustainable design and we can help you with details that effect your
organisations.
• The two important directives that will
effect many producers are:
• EuP Directive 2005/32/EC:
Eco design is defined as Integration of environmental aspects into
product design
with the aim of improving the environmental performance of the
product throughout
its whole lifecycle.
• EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (94/62/EC):
Eliminate any toxic or hazardous substances according to
packaging or other directives,
e.g. cadmium, hexavalent chromium, lead and mercury… or
substances that hinder recycling, composting, energy recovery
(coating, ink, glue)
Legislation
• Toy Safety Quick Facts
• Relevant or Related Legislation:
• The Toys (Safety) Regulations 1995 (SI
1995 No 204) which implement the
• European Directive (88/378/EEC) on the
safety of toys.
• http://www.berr.gov.uk/consumers/fact-sheets/page38560.html
The law
• Legislation relating to products must be
adhered to for a product to be sold in a
country.
• Standards are not law.
• But some are included in legislation that
make them law.
• Directives issued by the EU are to be
complied with.
European ecodesign rules and
related legislation
• The entire industry must face and embrace initiatives
such as the European Ecodesign of Energy Using
Products (EuP) standard
• Of all the recently adopted European Union legislation,
the Ecodesign of Energy Using Products (EuP)
Directive (2005/32/EC) is likely to have the most
significant impact on design engineers, as well as the
entire electronics industry. Unlike the RoHS and WEEE
directives, which focus on certain categories of electronic
and electrical equipment, EuP is deliberately broad in
scope and, other than transport, applies to virtually any
product that consumes, generates or controls energy.
EuP covers finished products as well as components
and subassemblies.
European ecodesign rules and
related legislation
• While EuP aims to bring about improvements in energy
efficiency throughout a product’s entire lifecycle, its main
concentration is on the design phase. The European
Commission (EC) has estimated that more than 80% of
all product-related environmental impacts are made
during this phase.
• ‘Implementing’ measures
• EuP is a framework directive. This means that it does not
directly impose requirements on manufacturers, but sets
up a mechanism for introducing “implementing
measures” that will impose specified design
requirements. Like RoHS, whatever measures are
introduced will be required to be met in all EU member
states.
European ecodesign rules and
related legislation
• It is not the intention of the EC to produce a large
number of implementing measures. They will come
about only if voluntary ecodesign improvements are not
already in place, or are deemed ineffective. The directive
sets a list of criteria that need to be met if an
implementing measure is to be permitted:
• At least 200,000 units of a given product have to be sold
per year (although the EC has still to specify whether this
is of an individual product type or broad category).
• There must be significant potential for environmental
improvement.
European ecodesign rules and
related legislation
• It should not entail serious cost to industry or consumers.
• An example of an implementing measure could be a
restriction in the amount of energy a product consumes
during its working life.
• It is the responsibility of the EC to carry out studies to
determine if implementing measures are required and to
recommend targets, such as energy consumption
reductions, for industry to reach. So far there have been
over 20 studies into different product types and many
more will be carried out in the future. Implementation
measures will enter into force during 2008/2009.
http://www2.electronicproducts.com
Manufacturer’s legal
responsibilities
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Legislation
BSI and ISO
Availability of resources
Emissions
Energy Consumption
Manufacturing responsibilities
• Producer Responsibility Legislation and its impact on Product
Development
• Ensuring RoHS Compliance and current exemptions – learn where
there may be hidden problems and how to show that you have
exercised ‘due diligence’ with your suppliers.
• The WEEE Directive and obligations, UK and European status –
how the system is working, possible changes and differences across
Europe member states.
• The Energy using Products Directive – how this new legislation is
developing, what products it will impact and what you should be
doing now.
• REACH – what this complex legislation will mean for downstream
users of chemicals, timescales and actions. How it could impact
your products.
Manufacturing responsibilities
• Batteries and Accumulators Directive – what this will
mean for producers and their products, when it will
happen and what will be the requirements.
• Other producer responsibility requirements e.g.
Packaging regs., IPP etc, - how producer responsibility
can influence your product design and packaging and
examples of how to reduce costs. Green Design
principles and implementation.
• Non-European Legislation – HARL, California RoHS,
China RoHS etc. The legislation is not just European.
• Opportunities from Producer Responsibility – legislative
compliance may seem like an expensive obligation but
learn how to create benefits from your products and the
way you operate your business.
How do you find …
• information on the regulatory and
legislative frameworks related to product
design
• Trading Standards
• European Directives
• BERR
• Consumer Rights
• Office of Public Sector Information
Risk Assessment Procedures
•
How to assess risks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
•
Identify the hazards
Decide who might be harmed and how
Evaluate the risks and decide on precaution
Record your findings and implement them
Review your assessment and update if
necessary
http://www.hse.gov.uk/risk/