Transcript Document

LDCM
Landsat Data Continuity Mission
UND Space Studies Colloquium
Jon Christopherson
Principal Engineer, SAIC
USGS EROS Data Center
U. S. Department of the Interior
U. S. Geological Survey
Introduction
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NASA and USGS partners for LDCM
Now in Evaluation/Selection Phase
Announcements have been delayed
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Originally to have been May 2003
Now will be ???
This necessarily limits this presentation
C M IS
ATM S
C rIS
V IIR S
OMPS
ERBS
N P O E S S 1330 C o n fig u ratio n
The Landsat Data Continuity
Mission - Continuation of the
Landsat Program
Bruce K. Quirk and Raymond A. Byrnes
- Presented by Jon B. Christopherson
ASPRS Conference
Technology: Converging at the Top of the World
May 5-9, 2003
Anchorage, AK
U. S. Department of the Interior
U. S. Geological Survey
Resolution Comparison
1 Kilometer Resolution
Advanced Very-High Resolution Radiometer
30 Meter Resolution
1 Meter Resolution
Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus
IKONOS Panchromatic
State and coast lines added for visual
reference. Note: Hurricane Andrew (8/24/92)
passing over Florida.
*AVHRR imagery is provided by NOAA
IKONOS imagery is provided by Space Imaging Inc.
Landsat Program History
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Multi-Spectral
Scanner (MSS)
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Thematic Mapper
(TM)
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Enhanced Thematic
Mapper (ETM)
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Enhanced Thematic
Mapper Plus (ETM+)
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1966 DOI Earth Resources Observation
Systems Program initiated
1972 L1 launched (RBV/MSS)
1975 L2 launched (RBV/MSS)
1978 L3 launched (MSS)
1982 L4 launched (TM/MSS)
1984 L5 launched (TM/MSS)
1985 Commercial operator selected
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Operate L4/5 & build/operate Landsat 6/7
1989 Commercial viability of L7 rejected
1992 Land Remote Sensing Policy Act
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Commercial operation of L4/5/6
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NASA/DOD to build/operate Landsat 7
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Landsat Program Management (LPM) Team
1993 Landsat 6 launch failure (ETM)
1994 LPM redefined (NASA/NOAA/USGS)
1999 L7 launched (ETM+) on April 15
2000 LPM redefined (NASA/USGS)
2000 L7 Flight operations assumed by USGS
2001 L4/L5 returned to Govt.; L4 decommissioned
2003 4 years of global L7 data acquisitions
Landsat Evolution
Landsat 7
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Global mission
Global archive
Open data policy
Govt. owned &
operated
Int. cooperators
ETM+
5 year mission
Launched 4/15/99
LDCM
EO-1
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Technology demo
5000+ scenes
Open data policy
Govt. owned & operated
Bridge mission
ALI (ETM+ follow on)
1 year mission
Launched 11/21/00
2002
1998
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Global mission
Global archive
Open data policy
Data buy
Int. cooperators
ALI+ (ALI follow on)
5 year mission + option
Launch 2006
2006
Guesstimated end of
Landsat 5 mission
(2009)
Landsat 5
Landsat 7
EO-1
Projected end of
Landsat 7 mission
(2011)
LDCM
Landsat Program Background
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The Landsat Program has continuously acquired
synoptic images of the Earth’s land surfaces for 30
years
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DOI/USGS preserves this record in the National
Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive and
distributes public-domain data to users worldwide
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Landsat Program vision:
 Acquire multispectral imagery affording global,
synoptic, repetitive coverage of the Earth's land
surfaces at a scale where natural and humaninduced changes can be detected, characterized,
and monitored over time
Rodeo-Chediski Wildfires
These images show the Rodeo fire, which began on June 18th, and the
Chediski fire which began on June 20th. When they merged together,
the combined Rodeo-Chediski fire became the largest wildfire in
Arizona history.
Together these wildfires have destroyed over 468,000 acres in the
Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest and Fort Apache reservation. 400
homes have been destroyed, and over 30,000 people have been
evacuated. It has cost the state of Arizona more than $2 million a day, a
total of over $32 million, to fight the Rodeo-Chediski fire.
10 km
Landsat 7 June 21, 2002
10 miles
Landsat 5 June 29, 2002
Landsat 7 July 7, 2002
Landsat Program Background
Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-555)
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Directs Landsat Program Management (NASA/DOI)
to study Landsat 7 successor options that:
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“adequately serve the civilian, national security, commercial, and
foreign policy interests of the United States”
“maintain data continuity with the Landsat system”
“incorporate system enhancements…”
Lists four study options:
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Private sector funding and management
International consortium
U.S. Government funding and management
U.S. Government-private sector cooperative effort
Landsat Program Background
Commercial Space Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-303)
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Addresses “Promotion of Commercial Space Opportunities”
including commercialization of Space Station, acquisition of
space science data and Earth science data, and commercial
launch services
Directs NASA and other Federal agencies to “…acquire, where
cost-effective…remote sensing data, services, distribution, and
applications from commercial provider.”
Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) was conceived as a
bridge to true Government “scientific data buys” in the future
LDCM Background
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In June 1999, NASA and the USGS released a
request for information (RFI) to private industry
regarding plans to acquire Landsat-like data
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Results:
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No respondent considered the commercial market for
30m data sufficient for private funding of a Landsat 7
follow-on system
No respondent had plans to develop a system to acquire
30m data
Respondents favored Government procurement of 30m
data from a privately-owned system
Innovative funding strategies were suggested
LDCM Strategy
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NASA and the USGS intend to procure LDCM data
from a privately-owned and privately-operated remote
sensing system
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NASA and the USGS are implementing a two-phase
procurement process based on an LDCM Data
Specification and Data Policy
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Phase I: Formulation
 “Study phase” for various technical and trade studies
 Two bidders selected for funding: Digital Globe and Resource 21
(DG and R21)
 Culminated in preliminary system design
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Phase II: Implementation
 Selection of LDCM contractor through new round of proposals
 Final design, fabrication, launch, and checkout
 On-orbit data delivery
Procurement Strategy
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The procurement DOES NOT
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Specify spacecraft, instrument(s), ground system, or operational
concepts or designs
Require Government oversight
Require the Government to “take title” to the system
Require the Government to operate the system
The procurement DOES
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Specify data and its delivery to the Government’s archives
Establish a policy for the distribution of LDCM data products
Specify March 2007 start date for 5 years of operational data
delivery (plus 5-year option)
Require Government insight and data validation
Encourage commercial approaches for servicing the International
Cooperator market
Facilitate sharing of cost, risk, and rewards in a Governmentprivate sector cooperative effort
LDCM Data
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LDCM data are described by the LDCM Data
Specification
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Specifies the quantity and qualities of the LDCM data to be
procured by the Government (radiometry, geometry, products,
bands, resolution)
Specifies seasonal coverage of global land surfaces
 16 day repeat coverage required for U.S.
 250 global scenes per day (average) to an active archive at the USGS
EROS Data Center
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Addition of a Coastal / Aerosol band (.443 m and 30m
GSD) and Cirrus band (1.33 m or 1.88 m and 120m
GSD)
No Thermal Infrared bands included
Unenhanced data products to be derived and distributed
by the USGS from the LDCM data in the active archive
Landsat 7 vs. LDCM Band Comparison
Visible
Light
SWIR 2 (2.1 - 2.3)
SWIR 1 (1.56 - 1.66)
Cirrus (1.36 - 1.39)
or (1.835 - 1.915)
NIR (0.845 - 0.885)
Red (0.63 - 0.68)
Green (0.525 - 0.6)
Blue (0.45 - 0.515)
Coastal (0.433 - 0.453)
Sharpening (0.5 - 0.68)
LDCM
Landsat 7
Band 6 (10.4 – 12.5)
Band 7 (2.09 - 2.35)
Band 5 (1.55 - 1.75)
Band 4 (0.75 - 0.9)
Band 3 (0.63 - 0.69)
Band 2 (0.525 - 0.605)
Band 1 (0.45 - 0.515)
Pan Band (0.52 - 0.9)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Wavelength in Micrometers (µm)
2.5 10
12
14
Draft Data Policy
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Similar to Landsat 7 data policy
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Ensures non-discriminatory access to Level 1 data products
derived from Government-procured LDCM data
No restrictions on the use, resale, distribution or sharing of
LDCM data products
Timely delivery
Data product pricing is critical issue; striving towards $50/scene
products
Distribution of Level 0 data products may be restricted
Protects LDCM contractor’s commercial rights to data
exceeding quantity or specifications of the procured
LDCM data. Government will not restrict:
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Value-added products derived from LDCM data
Marketing of data acquired and generated in excess of
Government data buy
LDCM Data Policy
Derived
LDCM
Data
“Native” Sensor Data
(high resolution, extra
commercial bands, etc.)
250 Scenes
Per Day
All Sensor
Data
USGS/EDC
LDCM L1 Data
Products
(Public Domain:
No Rights
Reserved)
LDCM
Contractor
End Users, Value
Added Resellers, Int’l
Cooperators
Commercial and
Value Added LDCM
Products
(All Rights Reserved)
DigitalGlobe Overview
Team
Business Approach
 Complements existing QuickBird hi-res
business
 Wide-area coverage, frequent
revisits & additional spectral bands
 Augments QuickBird and SPOT in
supporting world-wide agricultural market
 Also supports environmental
monitoring, disaster relief, etc.
Space Segment Overview
 “M5” system
 4 satellite constellation
 Multispectral
 7.5m resolution
– Off-nadir capability
 185km swath width
 Constellation operational Q3
2007
DigitalGlobe M5
Satellite Concept
Resource21 Overview
Team
Business Approach
Data Download
Central Processing Facility
Multispectral
Satellites
Information Products
to Customers
Data
Collection
Blue
Green
Red
NIR
SWIR
Other
GROWER
Complementary Markets
(Government and
other Customers)
DEALER
Space Segment Overview
 1 or more satellites
 Multispectral
 5+ bands
 10m/20m resolution
 International Cooperator
support
Fairbanks RGT
Bangor RGT
EDC
Kent, WA
BCCF
Mississippi
CPF
Two Step Procurement
2002
RFP
2003
Formulation
2004
RFP
Implementation
RFP
Implementation Contractor
Digital Globe
RFP
Resource 21
TBD 3rd Party ?
LDCM Schedule
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Formulation Phase Contracts Awarded
Preliminary Design Reviews Due
Implementation Phase RFP Release
 Preceded by a draft release Oct. 2002
Implementation Phase Proposals Due
Implementation Phase Award
Satellite Launch
LDCM Data Delivery Begins
March 2002
November 2002
December 2002
February 2003
June 2003
Late 2006
March 2007
Summary
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LDCM is on schedule for a late 2006 launch
Selected Resource21 and DigitalGlobe for
Formulation Phase
Reviewing Implementation Phase proposals
For detailed information and reference
documents, see:
http://ldcm.nasa.gov
http://ldcm.usgs.gov
End of “Official” Presentation
Now some questions……
U. S. Department of the Interior
U. S. Geological Survey
What Does the Gov’t Want?
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Solicitation Objectives:
Implement a process to acquire Landsat
compatible data and produce products required to
meet the research and operational needs of the
Government.
2. Reduce the Government’s cost and risk by
partnering
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Encourage the expansion of the remote sensing
industry
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Fulfill these objectives through the Government’s
procurement from an Industry-owned system
Criteria
(In decreasing importance:)
Mission Suitability > Price > Past Performance
The price factor is significantly less important that the
combined importance of the Mission Suitability Factor
and the Past Performance Factor.
As individual Factors, the Price Factor is less important
that the Mission Suitability Factor but more important
than the Past Performance Factor.
Risks
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Upside:
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Each side “shares” risk?
Contractor can get insurance, i.e. risk
mitigation for both sides?
Downsides
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Now gov’t has to deal with business risk –
not just technical risk
(Will the company be there?)
The “Hard Questions”
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Is it “Continuity”?
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Missing/changed/added spectral bands
Perhaps it is “continuity”, although not
perfect “fidelity”
Can both sides benefit?
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Will gov’t (i.e. constituents) get all the data
wanted?
Will Business still have profit potential?
How closely can they work together?
The International Scene
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Landsat has a
The International Scene
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Landsat has a huge network of
International Cooperators (ICs)
A long-lived partnership in space since
1972!
LDCM very noncommittal on ICs
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Will gov’t abandon this long-running
international relations coup?
Will industry support it?
Is There a Market?
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Market has never been there for 30m
data, still not there.
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But that’s what the gov’t wants
Both formulation phase vendors
proposed significant technological
advances to improve data marketability.
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Those technical advances increase
complexity, add technical challenges,
increase costs and raise risks.
The Big Question:
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Will the Landsat Mission ever find a
home?
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Or will it forever be a “nomad” mission?
Answers?
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USGS Director and NASA Administrator
for Earth Science to meet soon
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(Delayed by Isabela)
Decision coming soon?
Stay tuned….
Questions?