Transcript Document

Review of state policy in sphere of
for radioactive waste management
of Ukraine
Mykola PROSKURA – Ukraine,
Ministry of Emergencies ; The
State Agency for the Exclusion
Zone Management
1
General information

September 29, 1997 - Ukraine signed the Joint
Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management
and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management

April 20, 2000 – the Law of Ukraine “On Ratification of
the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel
Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste
Management” was approved by Parliament

June 18, 2001 - Joint Convention entered into force
for Ukraine
2
General information
Huge activities are being accomplished on the territory of Ukraine
in the field of peaceful use of nuclear energy. It includes:




At the objects of nuclear power engineering (nuclear power plants
operation, termination of their operation, plants and factories of the
fuels cycle);
With the use of ionizing radiation sources and radioactive materials
in non-nuclear industry, medicine and science (including research
nuclear reactors);
As a consequence of the accident at the 4th block of Chornobyl
Nuclear Power Plant and its aftermath elimination, including
wastes generated due to the termination of operation of 1, 2, 3
power units and conversion of the object “Shelter” (the so-called
Chornobyl radioactive wastes);
As a result of military programmes implementation;
According to the acting legislation waste of uranium mining and
uranium-processing industry are not included into the category of
radioactive waste
3
Radioactive waste in Ukraine:
Location of the major sources
Chernobyl accident
Nuclear power
plants
Research reactors
and centres
“Radon” facilities
4
General information
At the state level authorizations for radioactive waste management are
distributed by the following way:
state management – Ministry of Emergencies/ The State Agency for
the Exclusion Zone Management (radioactive waste management in
the field and on the stage of radioactive waste long-term storage and
disposal), Ministry of Fuel and Energy (radioactive waste management
in the field up to the moment of transfer for disposal);
 state regulation – State Nuclear regulatory Inspection (establishment
of norms, licensing, supervision) and the Health Ministry
(establishment of norms, sanitary passports, supervision);
 development and implementation of the single technical policy in the
field of radioactive waste management – Ministry of Emergencies/ The
State Agency for the Exclusion Zone Management;
 institutional control (as for enterprises-producers being in the
sphere of management) – Ministry of Emergencies, Ministry of Fuel
and Energy, ministry of Industrial Policy, other ministries and
institutions.

5
General information

Formation of state policy in the sphere of RW
management – the Supreme Rada (the
Parliament),

Taking decisions about location, designing and
constructing of nuclear facilities (including RW
facilities and geological disposals) - the
Supreme Rada (the Parliament)
6
Legislative Basis
Achievement of safe level of radioactive waste management in Ukraine is
based on implicit adhering to legislation in this sphere.
The Parliament of Ukraine on January 25, 1994 approved Concept of state
regulation of safety and management of the nuclear industry in Ukraine and
put this Concept as a basis of legislation in the field of nuclear energy use
and radiation protection of Ukraine.
Universally recognized principles of general safety at radioactive waste
disposal:

a radioactive waste producer does not have a right to perform their
disposal;

a polluter must pay for decontamination of harmful effluents.
Legislation of Ukraine in the sphere of radioactive waste management
developed provisions of the Concept and defined basic principles of state
policy and legal principles of state administration in the sphere of radioactive
waste management, jurisdictions of public authorities, responsibility of local
authorities, regulations for the system of radioactive waste account, rules for
radioactive waste management, etc.
7
Legislative Basis
State administering in the field of nuclear energy use
and radioactive waste management is based on the
principle of differentiating of these spheres of activity.
According to decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of
Ukraine No. 480 dated April 29, 1996 the Ministry for
Emergency Situations and Affairs of Protection of
Population against Consequences of the Chornobyl
Catastrophe is defined as an executive public authority in
the field of radioactive waste management.
8
Legislative Basis


The Law of Ukraine "On Nuclear Energy Utilisation and
Radiation Safety”;
The Law of Ukraine “On Radioactive Waste Management”;

Law of Ukraine “On Settlement of Nuclear Safety Issues”,
entered into force in 2005;

Law of Ukraine “On Procedure for Making Decisions on
Siting, Design and Construction of Nuclear Installations and
Radioactive Waste Management Facilities of National
Importance” entered into force in 2005;

“On Licensing Activities in the field of Nuclear Energy
Utilization “
9
Legislative Basis








Normative Documents:
General Provisions on Ensuring of the Nuclear Power
Plant Safety
Safety Rules for Storage and Transportation of Nuclear
Fuel at Nuclear Power Industrial Installations
Basic Provisions for Safety Ensuring of Interim Dry Spent
Nuclear Fuel Storage Facilities
Recommendations on the Structure and Content of the
Safety Analysis Report for Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage
Facilities
Industrial Documents and Utility Standards:
Industrial Program “NPP Spent Nuclear Fuel
Management"
Action Plan for the Spent Nuclear Fuel Management for
the period till 2010
10
Regulatory Infrastructure
According to Decrees of the President of Ukraine the State
Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine (SNRCU) is the state
nuclear regulatory body empowered with the implementation of the
legislative and regulatory framework in compliance with Article 19
of the JC provided with adequate authority, competence and
resources for fulfilment of its functions and responsibilities in
compliance with Article 20 of the JC;

SNRCU is independent of central executive bodies, enterprises
and establishments in the sphere of nuclear energy use and spent
fuel and radioactive waste management;


SNRCU is funded from the State Budget.
The
Ministry of Health– take an activities in area of protection of
population
11
Regulatory Infrastructure Enhancement
Regulatory body strengthening
 New Laws on decision making and funding
 Security regulation strengthening

The
document "Basic Sanitary Rules for Radiation
Safety of Ukraine" (OSPU-2005) entered into force 20
May 2005. OSPU-2005 applies to all production
(industrial) activities including radwaste management
and establishes new radwaste classification.
12
Funding of Liabilities

Radwaste management for all nuclear legacy, including
“Chernobyl” legacy, is funded from State Budget;

All legal instruments are in place to establish
Decommissioning Fund for nuclear facilities under
operation;

Producers of radioactive waste from non-power applications
pay directly to the “Radon” regional centres;

Development of legal instruments for establishing
Radioactive Waste Management Fund is under way.
The State Radioactive Waste Management Fund - 2009
13
PRESIDENT
MINISTRY of
ENERGY
MINISTRY of
HEALTH
CABINET
MINISTRY of
INTERIOR
PARLAMENT
STATE COMMITTEE of NR
MINISTRY of
ENV. PROTECT.
MINISTRY of
EMERGENCIES
DEPARTMENT
NE
DIVISION of RW
MANAGEMENT
STATE AGNCY
DIVISION of RW
MANAGEMENT
LICENSEES (ENTERPRISES)
SE NAEC
ENERGOATOM
ZAP
NPP
STATE
KHM
NPP
RIVNE YU-UKR
NPP
NPP
PRIVATE
UKRAINIAN
STATE CORP.
RADON
STATE SPECIALIZED
SSE
SSE
ChNPP COMPLEX TC
SSE
LV
KH DO
DN
KY
OD
ST
DESIGN, RESEARCH, SCIENTIFIC, EXPERT and INDUSTRIAL SUPPORT
14
Зоны обслуживания межобластных
спецкомбинатов
17.07.2015
15
Main Principles of the State Policy in the
Field of RAW Management

Priority of life and health protection of personnel and residents and
environmental protection against radioactive waste impact

Reliable environmental confinement of radioactive waste

State regulation of RAW management

Sharing of state regulation and state administration powers on RAW
management

Sharing of powers and responsibilities between state authorities at
different stages of RAW management

General public, civil organizations and local authorities are
involved in decision making on RAW storage facilities placement

Ban for import of RAW to the territory of Ukraine for storage and
disposal

International cooperation in the area of RAW management
16
Radioactive Waste
Management Policy
Measures to be taken in the radwaste management field
are stipulated by Comprehensive Programme for
Radioactive Waste Management which is approved by the
Cabinet of Ministers;

Comprehensive Programme for Radioactive Waste
Management is to be reviewed and revised as minimum
each 5-year period

Comprehensive Programme implementation is
supervised by high-level Interagency Commission

Updated national strategy for RW management is under
development.

17
Spent Fuel Management Policy

“The Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the Period until
2030” (Governmental Resolution No. 145 of 15.03.06)
defined:

for SF from NPP “deferred ” decision is realized long-term (50 years and more) storage with future
defining and approving final decision about SF
reprocessing or deposition;
 centralised
dry storage facility for WWER-440 and
WWER-1000 SF to be created;

Research reactor SF transportation to the country of
origin is under consideration.
18
Current practice storage and disposal
radioactive waste in Ukraine
1.Reactors operational SL and LL waste is stored in the special
buildings at reactor sites
2. Radon facilities - storage and disposal of waste and spent IRS
from industry, medicine and research institutions and
SSC “Technocentre” is constructing “Vector” facilities for
storage and disposal of waste from NPP, SO and ChEZ :

disposal SL-LILW

Conditioning LL-LILW for interim storage

Interim storage of vitrified HLW and LL-LILW
3




SSC “Complex” - waste management in the ChEZ:
waste collection in the ChEZ
operation of RWDP “Buryakivka” (disposal SL-LILW)
monitoring of RWDPs “Pidlisny” (storage HLW) and “ChNPP
III Stage” (storage of LL-LILW)
RWTSP (disposal SL-LILW)
19
Surface soil 137Cs contamination of the
Exclusion zone (for 01.12.2002)
20
Belarus
 SSSIE “Ecocentre”, 2004
Prypiat
Vilcha
ChNPP
Paryshiv
Dibrova
Chornobyl
Poliske
Conventional signs
State Border of Ukraine
Border of territory handed over under
jurisdiction of the Administration of
the Exclusion zone in 1997
Western border of the Exclusion
zone before 1997
Isolines of the
contamination density
of 137Cs, kBq/m2
Scale of the
contamination
density of 137Cs
kBq/m2
a) main
40 000
b) auxiliary
20 000
c) conventional
2 000
Chornobyl NPP
Railway
Settlements of radioecological
monitoring
7 500
4 000
Roads with blacktop coating
7500
400
Dydiatky
200
Earth road
100
Forest and field roads
40
Kilometres
20
Radioactivity stocks distributed in natural and
technogenic objects at the Chornobyl exclusion zone
 SSSIE “Ecocentre”, 2006
Object
Activity, PBq
Total
137
Cs
90
Sr
TRU
Territory of the exclusion zone
8.13
5.5
2.5
0.13
Cooling pond of the Chornobyl NPP
0.22
0.19
0.03
0.002
Near surface radwaste disposal facilities
(RWDF)
5.49
3.6
1.8
0.09
Near surface points for temporary localization
of radwaste (PTLRW)
2.14
1.4
0.7
0.04
TOTAL
16
10.7
5
0.26
Object "Shelter“ (damaged nuclear fuel)
740
480
260
10
Spent nuclear fuel of the Chornobyl NPP
(reactor blocks Nos. 1,2 and 3, and SNFDF–1)
Spent fuel assembly – 21284,
spent additional absorber – 1753
21
Locations of radioactive waste in the
Chernobyl exclusion zone
RWDP Podlesny
RWTSP
SO + ChNPP
RWDP ChNPP’s 3rd turn
Vector Complex
RWDP Burjakovka
22
~ 90% of total
volumes of HLW
and LL RAW
are located in the
Chernobyl
Exclusion Zone
(CEZ)
CEZ
Inside Shelter ~
200 tons SNF
Summer, 1986
Now
FCM inside the «Shelter»
23
RWTSP: general attributes
(status = non-operated, monitoring is being conducted)
Number of facilities = about 1000
Waste = disposal of short-lived
LLW and ILW in the bulk form
Volume = 1 400 000 m3
Activity = 1,9 1015 Bq
Ref = [Sobotovich,2005], [Antropov,2005], [NNC,2001]
Problems:
 Incomplete information
 Underflooding
 Nuclides release
 Risks, safety
24
RWDP “Podlesny”
status = non-operated, monitoring is being conducted)
In operation = XII 1986 – XI 1988
Waste = storage of HLW and
LL-ILW in the bulk form
Volume = 11000 m3
Activity = 2,61015 Bq (?)
Problems:
 Integrity of barriers
 Assessment of waste activity
 Safety assessment
 What to do?
Ref = [NNC, 2001]
25
RWDP “ChNPP’s 3rd turn”
(status = non-operated, monitoring is being conducted)
Problems:
 Underflooding
 Barrier integrity
(rain rills, suffosion)
GWL  Safety assessment
 What to do?
In operation = X 1986 – XII 1988
Waste = storage of short-lived ILW
and LLW in containers and
in the bulk form
Volume = 13400 m3 (bulk form)
12800 m3 (in containers)
Activity = 51014 Bq
Ref = [NNC,2001]
26
Site of location radiation the
contaminated technics “Rosocha”
27
“Shelter” Object: RCM inventory
The all of SO’s radioactively
contaminated materials (RCM) =
radioactive waste
Nuclear fuel (NF)
Spent fuel (SF)
Core fragments (CF)
Fuel-containing material (FCM):
•
Lava-like FCM
•
Dust…
Materials formed in 1986:
•
Lead
•
Dolomite
•
Concrete…
Reactor equipment
Reactor materials
Building structures
Water
Soils within the industrial site
28
“Shelter” Object: waste and problems
 Total volume of waste =
400 …1700 thousand m3
 Total activity = 4,11017 Bq
(as of 2006)
 Volume of long-lived waste
= 44 thousand m3
Problems:

Prolongation of term for NSC construction

Insufficient substantiation of NSC safety

Deviation from initial plan on early start of FCM removal
29
RWDP “Buriakovka”
(status = in operation)
In operation = since II 1987
Number of trenches = 26
Waste= disposal of short-lived ILW and
LLW in the bulk form
Volume = about 700000 m3
Activity = 2,451015 Bq
Ref = [Antropov,2005], [NNC,2001]
Problems:
 Lack of capacity
 Formation of secondary
liquid waste
30
Vector surface storage
(is being under construction)
[www.technocentre.com.ua]
Type I - for container disposal
of short-lived waste
Type II - for disposal of shortlived waste In bulk form
Quantity:
Type I = 16 storages
Type II = 40 storages
Waste:
SL-LILW – disposal
HLW, LL-LILW – storage
Volume = 540,000 m3
Activity = ?
31
Комплекс виробництв “ Вектор ”
17.07.2015
32
Site to the complex "Vector"
33
Chernobyl NPP waste
Operation waste
 SF (RBMK-1000) = over 2400 t by uranium (HOYaT-1, cooling ponds)
 Liquid waste = 19450 m3 or 3,51014 Bq ( liquid and solid waste storages)
 Solid waste = 2500 m3 or 1,31014 Bq (solid waste storages)
Waste resulted from ChNPP dismantling
 Total volume = 22000 to 90000 m3
 HLW and LL-ILW = to 5000 m3 (60%- graphite, 30%- concrete, 10% - equipment)
Total = 50 … 120 thousand m3
Accident waste
 Within Industrial site up to 500 thousand m3 of LLW and ILW (soil,
metal, concrete, …)
Ref = [Fomin, 2002], [Sobotovich, 2003], [IAEA:TD-1133, 2000]
34
Radioactive waste generators:
Nuclear power plants (198 000 cubic m).
Chornobyl NPP (more than 800 000 cubic m of solid RW for NPP,
more than 300 000 cubic m of solid RW for Shelter and more than 80000 cubic m
of solid RW during NSC construction).
Chornobyl catastrophe (In the exclusion zone located near 2 million cubic m
and outside of the exclusion zone - near 0.5 million cubic m).
Industry, medicine, science.
RIS encapsulated in the biologic protection shield (in total 30118 units
with total activity 1074 TBq) are stored at 5 enterprises of USC Radon.
In the well-type storage of SSE Radon 45040 sources with a total activity
560 TBq is stored. 13 HASS of RITEG type with a total activity 15 000 TBq
of strontium – 90 are in the Odessa enterprise of USC Radon.
In storages of SSE Radon disposed 4532 cubic m of solid RW with total
activity 200 PBq and 638 cubic m of liquid RW with total activity 2.4 TBq.
There is unaccounted quantity of RW of military origin stored on the former
Soviet Army bases inside of Ukraine. As a trouble spot for potential
RW generation an orphan radiation sources should be regarded.
35
General view of SDRW of Kharkiv IRSE
36
ChNPP Radioactive Waste
Management Current Practice
Liquid radwaste, including that from the Shelter, is
collected with the ChNPP designed piping system and
stored.


Solid radwaste:

High-level is collected into special containers, which are
transported in a specialised vehicle to the HLW temporary
storage facility.

Low- and intermediate-level solid radwaste is collected into
storage containers, which are loaded into a specialised
vehicle and are transported for disposal to the Buryakivka
Radwaste Disposal Point.
Temporary storage of radwaste takes place in designed
storage facilities which are equipped with systems for
radiation monitoring, specialised ventilation, radioactive
drainage, physical protection and alarms.
37
Normative Documents on Decommissioning
Fund (financial reserve)
The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
dated April 27, 2006 approves the following normative
and legislative acts:

Regulation on special account of the operating body
(utility) for accumulation of special financial reserve;

Procedure of review and approval of the project of
decommissioning of nuclear facility;

Procedure of determining amount of utility’s
deductions to the special account;

Procedure of establishing the Supervisory Board to
monitor use and spending of funds of financial
reserve.
38
Chornobyl NPP decommissioning.
Spent nuclear fuel management.
After the final shutdown of the Chornobyl NPP in 2000 several
international projects were launched at the site on creation of
infrastructure for decommissioning, i.e. facilities for management
with hard and liquid radioactive waste, and spent nuclear fuel.
However, none of large international projects on
decommissioning of the Chornobyl NPP was completed in
planned term. A lag from the initial terms of completion for each
of these projects makes a few years. The cost of their realization
also substantially exceeds the initial value (2 times in average).
The most critical situation exists with a project for constructing
of a new spent nuclear fuel storage SNFS-2. Absence of SNFS-2
does not enable a start of decommissioning of reactor units of
the Chornobyl NPP.
39
ChNPP Issues




Commissioning of Liquid Radioactive Waste Treatment
Plant (LRTP) is foreseen in 14 July 2006, completion of
the project – 21 September 2007;
Industrial Complex for Solid Radioactive Waste
Management (ICSRM) construction is going on;
According to the Shelter Implementation Plan the basic
projects were implemented or are under implementation;
Complex overview of radwaste management activities at
ChNPP was done. In particular, special set of measures
for graphite GR 280 (graphite stack) of power unit 2 is
under way.
40
A general view of SNFS-2 construction
41
Construction of a New Safe of Confinement
over the Object “Shelter”
Creation of new protective shell - New Safe of
Confinement (NSC) is a major task, which is being
realizing within a framework of Shelter Implementation
Plan (SIP). Conceptual design of the NSC was approved
by the Government of Ukraine in March, 2004.
In the nearest century this Confinement (a protective
shell in form of arch), will guarantee a barrier against
spreading of possible radioactive effluents from the
object “Shelter” and will give possibility of carrying out
of works for dismantling of building constructions and
extraction of fuel containing materials, radioactive
wastes from the ruined 4th reactor unit of the Chornobyl
NPP.
42
A lot of equipment will be placed inside the “Arch”, i.e. lifting cranes, mechanisms
and other industrial facilities. This equipment will provide dismantling,
fragmentation, packing into containers and disposal of building constructions and
fuel containing materials of the destroyed reactor unit.
43
New Safe Confinement Challenge
New Safe Confinement purpose is:
 to protect personnel, the public and the
environment for 100 years from radiation sources
of Object Shelter;
 and create conditions for Object Shelter
transformation in the ecologically safe system.
-----------------------------------------------------------------To achieve this goal:
 Development of technologies of retrieval and
management of fuel containing material, nuclear fuel
fragments, radioactive wastes should be started;
 Financial resources for retrieval and management of
fuel containing material, nuclear fuel fragments,
radioactive wastes should be found;
 International cooperation should be continued.

44
Nuclear Facilities Radioactive
Waste Management Current Practice

Each NPP constructs a complex facility for radioactive
waste treatment.

NPP radioactive waste is collected, sorted and
preliminary treated and stored for a long period prior to
transfer to the national repository (to be built)

Solid radwaste from research reactors WWR-M (Kiev)
and DR-100 (Sevastopol) is collected in situ, sorted,
transported, accounted for and stored in the temporary
storage facilities on the sites of the research reactors
and then transported to the Radon regional centres.
Industrial documents and utility standards:
-Program of NNEGC “Energoatom” on RAW
Management
-Program on NPP RAW Minimization

45
Existing System of On-site RAW Management
ZNPP
RNPP
KhNPP
SUNPP
transportation
separation
Пар
Блок подготовки
раствора
Парорастворная смесь
Солевой
концентра
т
Конденсат
Дренажи
Блок циклона
сепаратора
Реагенты
Солевой
концентра
т
Конденсат
Дренажи
Дренаж
Реагенты
Отработанн
ые реагенты
Конденсат
Блок циклона
сепаратора
Блок
прямоточных
испарителей
Кубовый остаток
Конденсат
Блок подготовки
раствора
Конденсат
Конденсат
Парорастворная смесь
Дренаж
Кубовый остаток
Отработанн
ые реагенты
Пар
Deep evaporation
Блок
прямоточных
испарителей
incineration
Sub-compaction
Блок
прямоточных
испарителей
Кубовый остаток
Блок подготовки
раствора
Дренаж
Отработанн
ые реагенты
Конденсат
Солевой
концентра
т
Блок циклона
сепаратора
Реагенты
Дренажи
Конденсат
Oil incineration
Парорастворная смесь
Конденсат
Пар
centrifuge
46
Minimization of RAW Generation
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Filling of solid RAW storage
facilities*, %
100
Filling of liquid RAW storage
facilities, %
81,6
80
58,7
60
29,7
71,5
69,6
KhNPP
SUNPP
48
40
21,4
26
20
0
ZNPP
ZNPP
RNPP
KhNPP
RNPP
SUNPP
*- with salt fusion cake placed in solid RAW storage facility
Activities on minimization of RAW generation
• establishing reference levels of RAW generation
• thorough in-situ separation with the aim to separate non- radioactive waste
• re-use of thermal insulation materials
• decontamination of tools and equipment to be re-used
• implementation of modern and optimized processing methods at NPPs
47
Waste of Ukrainian NPPs and UkrSA
“Radon”
In Ukraine there are 5 NPPs and 15 operating reactors (2 VVER-440 + 13
VVER-1000) as well as - 3 decommissioned reactors (RBMK-1000). Total
capacity – 13,8 GW. About 50% of electric power is produced by NPPs.
In the course of operation – up to 230 000 m3 , during dismantling –up to
150 000 m3 waste. 97% of waste volume – short-lived LLW and ILW.
During NPP operation the following amount of SF will be accumulated
(t U): 750 (VVER-440), 8200 (VVER-1000). At the ChNPP - about 2400 t
RBMK-1000.
Total activity of SF (after 40- years cooling) – 1,51020 Bq.
Volume and activity of waste and SF – will increase in proportion to
capacities of new reactors and prolongation of operation life of present
ones.
Within 6 sites of the UkrSA “Radon” up to 6 000 m3 of liquid and solid
waste as well as SIRS of total activity to 2,71016 Bq are located.
Ref = [Steinberg, 2004], [Bradley,1997], [Fomin, 2002], [SNRCU, 2004]
48
Total volume of waste in Ukraine
49
Volume of Long-Lived Waste in Ukraine
50
Preliminary schedule of development of the
mine-type DGR
[draft of State program of DGR development, 2005]
51
Sites for Long-lived RAW disposal in CEZ
[STCU, project 1396, 2003]&[STCU, project 3187, now]
Why in the CEZ?
 Acceptable geology
 Lack of population
 Short transport routes
 Security
 Advanced infrastructure
52
Distribution of waste in Ukraine
according to disposal options
 A total volume of waste in Ukraine = 3,3… 4,6 Mil m3
 The Chernobyl’s origin have 2,9 to 4,2 Mil m3 (90%) of radioactive
waste
 97 – 98 % of waste can be disposed in the surface repositories
 Approx. 76000 m3 of long-lived waste must be disposed
in the geological repository
 80 % of total volume of long-lived waste are localized in ChEZ
Information: more than 90 % RW is in the Chernobyl zone
Total activity of SF and HLW is 3 orders of magnitude higher than
waste activity
53
Comparison of waste volume
for different countries (thousand m3)
Ref = [SKB, 2002, Kuznetsov, 2004]
54
IAEA CLASSIFICATION [DS 390]
Basic approach is to divide radioactive waste into categories
according to possible option for their disposal/storage
55
Good Practice






Comprehensive legislative and regulatory framework;
Comprehensive Programme for Radioactive Waste
Management that is systematically revised and
constantly supervised by high-level Interagency
Commission;
Improved decision making process including
stakeholders involvement;
Coordination by Regulatory Authority of the activities
of involved in regulation state bodies;
Comprehensive system to ensure radioactive sources
security;
Control of radioactive discharges of NPP.
56
Good Practice/Improved
decision making process good practice
 Clear, precise and transparent procedure is established




by the Law for making decisions on creation of new
nuclear installations and radwaste facilities;
Public consultations (including local referendum) is
obligatory step of this procedure;
Neighbouring countries consultations is obligatory step
of this procedure;
Local authorities approval is obligatory for siting;
The decision on siting is to be made by the Parliament
in the form of specific Law.
57
Planned Activities to Improve Safety/SF and
Radwaste Management at Operating NPPs
The first-priority tasks in this area for the next 3 years
are as follows:
•
modernise the existing ones and install new
equipment for preliminary and extensive processing
of solid and liquid radwaste at NPPs;
•
create systems for retrieving and sorting of nonprocessed solid radwaste accumulated in solid
radwaste storage facilities at NPPs;
•
develop and implement tools and methodologies for
monitoring of radwaste physical characteristics.
58
System of RW management in Ukraine
Exclusion zone
Preserved disposals and
temporary storages of
Exclusion zone
SSE “ChNPP”
NAEC “Energoatom”
Other sources
UkrSC “Radon”
Storages of 6 special
enterprises (reprofiling)
C
L
A
S
S
I
F
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
criteria
PSRW “Buriakivka”
criteria
SRWF – 1 (container)
“Vector 1”
criteria
SRWF – 2 (in bulk)
criteria
SRWF – 3 (SHL IRS)
criteria
SRWF – 4 (HL RW)
“Vector 2 ”
criteria
ТРВ – 5 (LL RW)
criteria
Lot 3 (for ChNPP)
criteria
Deep geological repository
criteria
Regional storages of
6 special enterprises
59
SRW
N LRW
P
P HLRW
HASS
SRW
Ch
N LRW
P HLRW
P
HASS
Storage
on the
Industrial
site of
NPP
Storage
on the
Industrial
site of
ChNPP
RW
Transport
HLRW
Package
Storage
Treatment
Disposal
SRW
Retrievel
SRW
Conditioning
SRWP
Transport
RW Disposal
LRW
Retrievel
HLRW
Retrievel
LRW
Solidification
SRWP
Transport
RW Disposal
HLRW
Package
HLRWP
Transport
Storage
Treatment
RW Disposal
Transfer to RADON
LLRW
Retrievel
Monitoring
RW
Retrievel
Collection and
Storage
LLRW
Disposal
LLRW
Transport
RW
Package
SRWP
Transport
Storage
Treatment
LLRW
Transport
LLRW
Retrievel
RWCR
R SRW
A
LRW
D
O ISIR
HASS
N other
RW Disposal
Transfer to RADON
RWEZ
P PTRWL
A PRWD
R
SHELTER
W
RW
Retrievel
SRW
Package
LRW
Solidification
SRW
Retrievel
SRW
Package
SRWP
Transport
LRW
Retrievel
LRW
Solodification
SRWP
Transport
SIR
Package
SIR
Transport
RW Disposal
LLRW
Disposal
Storage
Treatment
RW Disposal
RW Disposal
Storage
Treatment
Hot Cells
RW Disposal
60
Development of National Strategy
As an indicator of proactive position of the Government of
Ukraine, development of a modern National Strategy of
Radioactive Waste Management has been started within a
framework of the Action Plan Ukraine-EC, including
strategy of radioactive waste management for
«Energoatom» company
The National Strategy has to take into account leading
experience and principles of legislation in the field of
radioactive waste management of European countries.
Leading specialists of Ukraine, Germany, France,
Netherlands, Great Britain, Sweden are engaged to
development of the National Strategy of Radioactive Waste
Management.
61
Development of National Strategy
This strategy is based on basic principles from IAEA’s
«Principles of Radioactive Waste Management: A Safety
Fundamental»:









Protection of human health
Protection of natural environment
Protection outside national borders
Protection of future generations
Burden onto future generations
National system of legislation
Controlling the radioactive waste formation
Interdependence of radioactive waste formation and
management
Safety of depositories
62
Development of National Strategy
National Strategy of Radioactive Waste
Management will define modern approaches to:

Radwaste management at the Chornobyl NPP and the object «Shelter»
for all stages, including radwaste storage

Estimation of radwaste safety, together with development of strategy
of management of radwaste arisen in a result of the Chornobyl
accident

Waste management at uranium mining and processing industry

Radioactive waste management at «Energoatom» company, including
radioactive waste resulted nuclear fuel processing

Temporal storage of radioactive waste at industrial sites

Radioactive waste management resulted management of untight
nuclear fuel assemblies of reactors of RBMK reactors
63
Development of National Strategy

Strategy of management and temporal storage of radioactive
contaminated materials and low-level radioactive waste, arisen in
result of the Chornobyl accident

High-level radioactive waste management

Management of radioactive waste from NPPs and other facilities of
nuclear cycle, subject to decommissioning

Management of radioactive waste of other origins (e.g., hospitals,
research laboratories, universities, industrial enterprises, etc.)

Management of radioactive waste of military industry

State system of account and control of radioactive waste
transportation, including prevention of illicit traffic

Infrastructure of radioactive waste management, including
depositories in deep geological structures
64

CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE
DECREE
of August 19, 2009 N 990-p
Kyiv
On approval of the Strategy of
Radioactive waste management in Ukraine
STRATEGY
of Radioactive waste management in Ukraine
Issue that should be solved


Widespread use of nuclear energy began in the 50th years of the XX century
first in the Soviet Union and later in Ukraine is accompanied by the formation of
radioactive wastes of different activity, of isotopic and aggregate state. Safe handling of
such waste is an important component of the overall system security during the use of
nuclear energy. Ukraine inherited from the former USSR infrastructure of Radioactive
Waste Management, that responded the approach, features of which were
minimization of the costs of recycling and waste disposal, underestimation of the issues
scale, solution of which was entrusted to future generations.
New challenges and old unsolved
issues

- RW of oil and gas complex
- RW of Soviet uranium
production (PHZ)
- Waste of the Concern "Nuclear
fuel"
Optimum variant of RWM system
in Ukraine

Conditioning and interim storage of RW on the sites of its formation
(NPP, research reactors…)

Regional facilities on conditioning and interim storage of RW of
industrial medical and scientifical establishments on the basis of
specialised enterprises of Ukr.SSE “Radon”

For disposal of very low-level waste thе surface repositories of trench
type should be used (2nd turn of “Burjakovka” RWDP) …

Storage of HLW and LL-ILW and disposal short-lived waste are planned
at the “Vector” Complex. For this purpose it is necessary to create
National Centre for treatment, storage and disposal of waste…

For disposal of HLW and LL-ILW it is necessary to create geological
repository …
68
Conclusions
For creation of national system of radioactive waste
management and solution of Chernobyl’s waste
problem it is necessary to:

Establish State fund …

Develop strategy of radioactive waste
management …

Develop the national new special program of
radioactive waste management…

The State Agency and The Operator
69
Thank you for attention
70