Transcript Chemistry Final Review

Chemistry Final Review
Subatomic Particles
Particle
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Location
Charge
Mass
Atomic Mass, Atomic Number and
Isotopes
• Atomic number tells you__________________
• Atomic mass =
• An isotope differs in the number of _________
Flame test
• Energy levels: as you move from the 1st energy
level (shell) to the 2nd energy level (shell) the
amount of energy each electron has ________
• When an electron gets excited it __________
energy and moves to a _________ electron
shell.
Groups on the periodic table
• Elements in the same group (column) have the
same number of ________________, and
similar _____________.
Periodic trends
• Electronegativity, ionization energy and radius
Properties of metals, non-metals and
noble gases
texture
Malleable,
ductile,
Conducts
electricity
Solid, brittle
Does not
conduct
electricity
gas
High melting
point
Compound, element , mixture
Reaction types
• A + B  AB
• AB  A+B
• AB + CD  AD + BD
• A + BC  AC + B
BALANCING EQUATIONS
In any reaction charge, energy , and mass are
conserved
1. __NaCl + __BeF2 --> __NaF + __BeCl2
2. __FeCl3 + __Be3(PO4)2 --> __BeCl2 + __FePO4
3. __AgNO3 + __LiOH --> __AgOH + __LiNO3
4. __CH4 + __O2 --> __CO2 + __H2O
5. __Mg + __Mn2O3 --> __MgO + __Mn
Empirical and molecular formulas
Empirical formula C3H7, molecular weight 86
g/mole, what is the molecular formula?
A compound contains 18.8% sodium, 29.0%
chlorine, and 52.2% oxygen, by mass. If the
molar mass of the compound is 122.44 g/mol,
determine the empirical and molecular
formulas.
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Bond type
Electrons
Electrolyte
Ionic
Metal +
Transferred
nonmetal (or
polyatomic ion)
In solution or
melted
Covalent
Non-metals
Shared
No
metallic
Metals
“sea of
electrons”
solid
Other
characteristics
Acid and base
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
pH scale
Acid + base  water + salt
[H+] = -log pH
[OH-] = -log pOH
[H+] x [OH-] = 1 x 10-14 M2
pH = 10-[H+]
pOH = 10-[OH-]
Moles!!!
Change 34 g of lithium to moles.
What is the weight of 1.75 mole of Ca?
Change 8.5 g of SiH4 to moles.
Change 5.20 moles of C3H6O2 to grams
Alpha, beta, gamma
particle
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
symbol
penetration
Half life
Assume you have a 200 gram sample of Radon. Its
half life is 4 days. How much will remain unchanged
after 24 days.
A sample of Ra-226 has a half life of 7 hours. If the
original sample was 200 grams, how much of the
sample would be left after 5 half lives? How much
time will have gone by after 5 half lives?