Transcript PRESENT PERFECT.PPOINT

PRESENT
PERFECT
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Present Perfect
We use the Present Perfect for actions in
the past which have a connection to the
present. The time when these actions
happened is not important.
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We use the Present Perfect for recently
completed actions.
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We use the Present Perfect for actions
beginning in the past and still continuing.
Present Perfect - Use
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It is a combination of past and present.
An actions in the past has something to
do with the present.
1) Result of an action in the past is
important in the present (It is not
important when this action happened.
When we use a specific time in the
past - e.g. yesterday - then we use
the Simple Past.)
 I have cleaned my room. (It is clean
now.)
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Has Peggy ever been to Tokyo? (Has
Peggy been there or not?)
2) Recently completed actions
 He has just played handball. (It is over
now.)
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Actions beginning in the past and still
continuing - mostly with since (point
of time) or for (period of time)
 We have lived in Canada since 1986. (We
still live there.)
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4) together with lately, recently, yet
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I have been to London recently. (no
specific point of time)
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He has not written the e-mail yet. (He has
not done it.)
PRESENT PERFECT FORM
The present perfect of any verb is
composed of two elements :
the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb
to have (present tense), plus the past
participle of the main verb.
The past participle of a regular verb is
base+ed,
e.g. played, arrived, looked. For irregular
verbs, see the Table of irregular verbs .
Affirmative
Subject
to have
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She
has
past participle
visited
Subject
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She
to have + not past participle
hasn't
visited
Interrogative
to have subject
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Has
she
past participle
visited..?
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Interrogative negative
to have + not subject past participle
 Hasn't
she
visited...?
Example: to walk, present perfect
 Affirmative
I have walked
You have walked
He, she, it has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
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Negative
I haven't walked
You haven't walked
He, she, it hasn't walked
We haven't walked
You haven't walked
They haven't walked
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Interrogative
Have I walked?
Have you walked?
Has he,she,it walked
Have we walked?
Have you walked?
Have they walked?
Present Perfect - Spelling
Add -ed with regular verbs.
 regular verbs
 infinitive + -ed
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Sometimes the are exceptions in spelling
when adding -ed.
1) consonant after a short, stressed
vowel at the end of the word
stop – stopped
swap – swapped
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We do not double the consonant if it is not
stressed:
benefit - benefited (Here we stress the
first 'e', not the 'i'.)
 In Britsh English we double one -l at the
end of the word:
travel - travelled
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2) one -e at the end of the word
Leave out the -e. Add -d.
love – loved
save – saved
3) verbs ending in –y
Verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel (a,
e, i, o, u):Add -ed.
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play - played
Change 'y' to 'i' after a consonant.
Then add -ed.
worry - worried
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You have to know all forms of the
irregular verbs very well. For the Present
Perfect you need the form of the verb
which can be found in the 3rd column of
the table of the irregular verbs.
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go - went - gone
Special verbs in the Present
Perfect
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1) have as a full verb
affirmative sentence
I, we, you, they:
I have had a book.
he, she, it:
He has had a book.
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negative sentence
I, we, you, they:
I have not had a book.
he, she, it:
He has not had a book.
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question
I, we, you, they:
Have I had a book?
he, she, it:
Has he had a book?
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2) be as a full verb
affirmative sentence
I, we, you, they:
I have been to Britain.
he, she, it:
He has been to Britain.
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negative sentence
I, we, you, they:
I have not been to Britain.
he, she, it:
He has not been to Britain.
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question
I, we, you, they:
Have I been to Britain?
he, she, it:
Has he been to Britain?
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3) do as a full verb
affirmative sentence
I, we, you, they:
I have done an exercise.
he, she, it:
He has done an exercise.
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negative sentence
I, we, you, they:
I have not done an exercise.
he, she, it:
He has not done an exercise.
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question
I, we, you, they:
Have I done an exercise?
he, she, it:
Has he done an exercise?
Long forms and short forms in the
Present Perfect
 We often use short forms of the
auxiliaries. The Present Perfect is formed
with the auxiliary have. So short forms
are used frequently with the Present
Perfect.
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Affirmative long form
I, we, you, they:
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I have gone
he, she, it:
he has gone
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Affirmative short
I, we, you, they:
I've gone
he, she, it:
he's gone
form
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negative (have not)long form
I, we, you, they:
I have not gone
he, she, it:
he has not gone
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short form
I, we, you, they:
I haven't gone
or
I've not gone
he, she, it:
he hasn't gone
or
he's not gone
EXERCISES 1