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Swedish Torrefaction R&D Program
Anders Nordin1, Linda Pommer1, Ingemar Olofsson1, Katarina Håkansson1,
Martin Nordwaeger1, Susanne Wiklund Lindström1, Markus Broström1
Torbjörn Lestander2, Håkan Örberg2, Gunnar Kalén2
1. Energy Technology and Thermal Process Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden
2. Unit of Biomass Technology and Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
Background
Raw biomass are characterized by a number of handling
and logistic challenges, which can be significantly
improved by torrefaction pre-treatment.
Based on the positive results of a review of previous
international torrefaction work and our own lab-scale
batch experiments 2006-2008, an extensive R&D
program was initiated in Sweden in 2009.
1.Design, use and evaluation of a
torrefaction pilot plant, production of
dimensioning data
Torrefaction pilot plant (100 kW) with a capacity of 20
kg/h, (2009).
5. Subsequent refinement
Time plan of the R&D Program
Proj.
Pellets have been successfully produced both in single
pellet equipment and in industrial scale pellet machines.
Results from fluidized bed gasification (FBG) trials using
torrefied biomass:
 Reactivity retained - oxygen gasification
 Tar generation - unchanged
 CO increased, H2 decreased
Entrained flow gasification (EFG) experiments planned.
6. Supply chain system analysis
(a) Initiation of network
Collaboration has been initiated with the Energy system
program (LiU), Logistics and Transportation (Chalmers)
and Division of Energy Engineering (LTU) and an
outlined plan for the system analysis was established .
(b) Model development and use
2. Equipment and instrumentation of
4.Fundamental sub-projects
(a) Pilot plant
(a) Product gas composition - “green” chemicals?
The pilot plant is now equipped and instrumented. It is
constructed with high control possibilities and flexibility
of the process, regarding:
 Torrefaction temperature
 Residence time at torrefaction temperature
 Fuel composition and size
 Fuel torrefaction atmosphere
 Product cooling
From the gas analysis, the most abundant compounds
in the torrefaction
product gas were
identified.
(b) Industrial development unit (IDU)
The first large scale (25 MW) commercial torrefaction
plant has been designed, projected and is scheduled for
start of operation and instrumentation in spring 2011.
The inherent characteristics of the torrefaction process
make it well suited for energy integration with other
processes;
 Low-value excess heat could be used for the energy
consuming drying step
 The torrefaction gas could be more efficiently utilized
The higher heating value (HHV) in
the wet torrefaction
gas was thereafter
calculated.
3. Parametric study
(a) Pilot experiments
(b) Investigation of torrefaction mechanisms
The initial parametric study proved the
concept of torrefied biomass as an
efficient measure to obtain improved
product properties
 Mass yield 66-87 %
 Energy yield 78-89%
 Increased LHV and HHV for the
torrefied biomass
 Decreased grinding energy for
torrefied biomass (>80%).
 Increased hydrophobicity, less absorption of moisture and faster
drying.
The objective is to qualitative describe the torrefaction
mechanisms on a molecular/structural level by spectroscopic analysis (NMR, NIR), GC/MS and MBMS, and
couple the mechanisms to the generation of gas
components.
(c) Thermal reactivity of torrefied biomass
(relevance to combustion and gasification)
The objective is to identify and evaluate gravimetric instruments and methods (Q5000IR TGA, Q600 SDT) for
determination of thermal reactivity (initiated).
(d) Model development/validation for control of ash
related problems
(b) IDU experiments (to be performed)
References
1. Placid, A T. Effect of torrefied biomass on tar reduction in producer gas
from gasification. Master of Science Thesis, Umeå University. ISSN
1653-0551 ETPC Report 2010-02.
2. Li, C. Torrefaction and size reduction of lignocellulosic biomass. Master
of Science Thesis, Umeå University. ISSN 1653-0551 ETPC Report
2010-04.
3. Nordwaeger et al. Parametric study of pilot-scale biomass torrefaction.
Proceedings of the 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition,
Lyon, 3-7 May, 2010.
Objectives:
 Deliver a validated thermo-chemical model that
describes the melt behavior of typical coal- and
biomass ashes
 Suggest and validate optimal biomass mixtures in
order to obtain desired ash melt behavior.
4. Håkansson. K. et al. Process and system integration aspects of
biomass torrefaction. Proceedings of the 18th European Biomass
Conference and Exhibition, Lyon, 3-7 May, 2010.
5. Pommer. L. et al. 2010. Gas composition from biomass torrefaction.
Proceedings of the 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition,
Lyon, 3-7 May, 2010.
6. Nordin. A. et al. 2010. Design and status of the industrial-scale
torrefaction plant in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. Proceedings of the 18th
European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Lyon, 3-7 May, 2010.
Torrefaction integrated with a 120 MWth CHP plant. Total
efficiency: 84.6 %HHV/105.2%LHV. The torrefaction gas is
burned in the existing boiler and the process is heated
by part of the produced heat. In this case, low-value
heat is efficiently utilized.
7. Svanberg. M. A planning approach for supply chains of forest fuel.
Proceedings of the 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition,
Lyon, 3-7 May, 2010.
8. Svanberg. M. and Håkansson. K. Analysing the possibilities of
implementing a biomass pre-treatment process in an intermodal system for
a logistics perspective. 12th WCTR, July 11-15, 2010 - Lisbon, Portugal.
Acknowledgement
Financial support from the Swedish Energy Agency and TRB Sverige are
gratefully acknowledged.
Energy Technology and
Thermal Process Chemistry
Umeå University
SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
Phone: +46 (0)70-239 26 91
E-Post: [email protected]
Anders Nordin
Linda Pommer
Ingemar Olofsson
Katarina Håkansson
Martin Nordwaeger
Susanne Wiklund Lindstrom