Transcript Storm Water Permit Training

Digital Modes
• There are lots of Digital Modes.
• The oldest is RTTY (teletype - in this case
it is Radio Teletype).
• The current modes are classified in sound
card modes and specialty modes.
• Sound Card Modes
– PSK-31
– Specialty CW modes (for satellite, EME, etc.)
Digital Modes cont’d
• Non-Sound card modes
– Packet
– Pactor I & II
– Pactor III
– Winlink 2K
• Non-Sound card modes usually uses a
special hardware type Terminal Mode
Controller (TNC).
Digital Modes cont’d
• Computers and the Internet has made
several Modes etc.
• EchoLink is one of the major modes.
• Modes for linking repeaters etc.
• D-STAR - digital modes for repeaters and
radios
RTTY
• This has been around for a long time.
• The modulations is FSK or AFSK - this is a
two tone system - called Mark & Space
• FSK - Frequency Shift Keying
– Shifting the Transmitter frequency
• AFSK - Audio Frequency Shift Keying
– Shift audio tones
RTTY cont’d
• There are special RTTY converters (these
were used in the old days), now most
operators use sound cards and sound
card TNCs.
• There are lots of freeware programs that
you can use for RTTY, most of the sound
card software has a RTTY mode.
– Digipan
– MTTY
RTTY cont’d
• Some of the newer transceiver has built-in
RTTY receive converters (ICOM 746 for
example).
PSK-31
• This is one of the newer Digital Modes.
• This is a two-tone systems, with a
bandwidth of 31 Hz.
• This is a sound card type mode and uses
a sound card TNC.
• Sound Card TNCs interfaces the
transceiver with you sound card and also
has a keying circuit.
Apple Program for Digital Modes
PSK31 Frequencies
Where to Listen - official PSK 31 frequencies:
1838.150
3580.150
7035.15 for ITU region 1 and region 3, and 7080.15 for region 2 *
10142.150
14070.150
18100.150
21080.150 (although most activity can be found 10 kHz lower)
24920.150
28120.150
* The USA is in region 2 but there is a lot of activity on
Packet
• Packet and similar modes uses a smart
Terminal Node Controller
• These can run from $ 75 to $ 500 and
more. They have a small computer with
memory etc. and circuits to decode the
modulation.
• Most of these modes are error-free.
TNC-X - KISS Mode TNC
KPC-3+
PK-232
WinLink 2K
• This is a special form of Packet (uses a
packet TNC)
• You can send and receive e-mail over
your amateur radio.
• It has two parts (VHF & Low Band)
– VHF uses Packet
– HF uses Pactor I, II, III
• Pactor III – is a proprietary mode (requires special
TNC $$$$
This is Tom’s Station - You can connect to it
Using NK5Z-10
HF - Winlink 2K
EchoLink
• This is a VOIP (Voice over Internet)
• You use your computer to connect to a
server and from the server you can
connect to amateur repeaters all over the
world, or just to another amateur (direct
keyboard to keyboard).
• Some of the old timers don’t consider this
amateur radio (you will have to decide).
I‘m connected to Repeater K4OBX –R
I’m Online
List of Stations Online at this time
(-R designates for a Repeater)
I’m connected to EchoLink Server XXXX
Receiver Digital Buffer - This is sent from the Repeater Station
Rx & Tx Level
Digital Tx Buffer
XXXX
• Some
XXXX
• Some
XXXX
• Some