Transcript Study on seamount biology in Soviet Union and Russian

P.P. Shirshov Institute of
Oceanology RAS
Moscow Russia
Soviet and Russian
studies on
seamount
biology
Photo: Pisces VII, 1987
A.N. Mironov
T.N. Molodtsova
N.V. Parin
Study of seamounts in former USSR
1967 – RV “Astronom” reported previously unknown
aggregations (evaluated as ~29 tons/km2 ) of boarfish at
junction of Imperor seamount chain and North Hawaiian
Ridge
(Boretz & Darnitsky, 1983)
end of 1980s – about 300 seamounts examined as
potential resource for fishing grounds in Atlantic, Pacific,
South and Indian Ocean
(studies often confined by acoustical methods to detect fish
aggregations or 1-2 trawls)
Study of seamounts in former USSR
1960s- beginning of 1980s performed mostly by
VNIRO-framework:
All-USSR Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO) Moscow
Pacific Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO) Vladivostok
Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and
Oceanography (PINRO) Murmansk
Atlantic of Fisheries and Oceanography (AtlantNIRO) Kaliningrad
Fishery stock survey framework (RYBPROMRAZVEDKA)
1977 Experimental Center for Marine Technologies
“GIDRONAVT” (since 1991 MARIECOPROM ) Sebastopol
Data obtained used as application fishery data only and little scientific
results or syntheses published
Thalassobathyal
1974. Andriashev. Zonation of seamounts based on fish fauna
(in English: Andriashev A.P., 1977. Some additions to schemes of the vertical
zonation of marine bottom fauna. In: G.A. Llano (ed.), Adaptations within Antarctic
Ecosystems, pp. 351–360. Proc. 3d SCAR Symposium on Antarctic Biology.
Washington.)
Seamounts,
guyots,
mid-oceanic ridges
and other shelfless
oceanic rises down to
2000-2500 m
(after Andriashev, 1979)
Study of seamounts in former USSR
Since 1980s – increasing of academic interest to seamounts.
Scientific cruises to seamounts. Establishment of scientific
collections. Number of taxonomical data and syntheses published
P.P.Shirshov institute of Oceanology AS (IORAS) Moscow
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (IBSS) Sebastopol
Maximum of scientific studies - end of 1980s
Crisis of seamount studies investigations with collapse of USSR
Presently -
VNIRO-framework (Russia)
Fishery stock survey (Ukraina)
Limited scientific activities (in a scope of larger programs)
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology
Publications on seamount biology
in press :
A.N. Mironov, A.V.
Gebruk, A.J.
Southward (eds),
Biogeography of the
North Atlantic
seamounts. Moscow,
KMK Press in English
Seamount biology studies in
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology
1
2
2
3
4
1. Seamounts of the NE Atlantic and
Reykjanes Ridge
3. Seamounts of west Indian Ocean
2. Markus-Wake seamounts and
Mid-Pacific mountains
4. Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges
NE Atlantic seamounts
1981 RV “Akademik Petrovsky”
2nd cruise
1982 RV “Ikhtiandr” 8th cruise
1982 RV “Vityaz II” 2nd cruise
RV “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh”
1982 4th cruise (manned
submersibles Pisces VII and
Pisces XI) ,
1989 18th cruise (Pisces VII and
Pisces XI)
1992 28th cruise (manned
submersibles MIR 1 and MIR 2)
Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone
(in scope of Mar-Eco CoML)
RV “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh”
2003 43th cruise (MIR 1 and MIR
2)
Reykjanes Ridge
Photos: MIR, 1987
Taxonomical groups studied:
Polychaeta - Detinova, 1985; Scleractinia – Keller, 1985; Echinoidea -Mironov, 1985;
Brachiopoda – Zezina, 2001; Antipatharia – Molodtsova, in press;
Kuznetsov A.P., Detinova, N.N. 2001. Bottom fauna of the Reykjanes Ridge fauna.
Composition and Structure of the Marine Bottom Biota. VNIRO Publ. p.6-18 (in English)
Meteor seamount group
Photo: Pisces – Atlantis smt
Taxonomical groups studied: Gorgonaria,
Pennatularia – Pasternak, 1995; Scleractinia – Keller,
1988, 1989, 1995, 2001; Bivalvia Septibranchia –
Krylova, 1994, in press; Brachiopoda – Zezina, 2001,
in press; Echinoidea – Mironov, 1985, in press,
Markov, 1988, 1989; Crinoidea -Moskalev et al.,
1983;Ophiuroidea – Litvinova, 2001; Cirripedia –
Zevina & Kolbasov, 2001, Zevina & Poltarukha, in
press;Tanaidacea – Kudinova-Pasternak, in press;
Pisces – Shcherbatchev et al., 1985; Kukuev – 2004;
A.N. Mironov, A.V. Gebruk, A.J. Southward (eds), Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts.
Moscow, KMK Press (in press)
Seamounts of western Indian Ocean
1983 RV “Akademik Kurchatov” 6th cruise
1983 RV “Rift” 2nd cruise
1988 RV ”Vityaz II” 17th cruise
Some limited data
1984-1985 RV”Akademik Mstislav
Keldysh” 7th cruise (Pisces VII & XI)
Photo: Pisces - Error smt
Seamounts of western Indian Ocean.
Parin N.V., Nesis K.N., Sagaidachny A. Yu., Shcherbachev
Yu.N., 1993. Fauna of Walters Shoals, a seamount in the
Southwestern Indian Ocean. Transactins (Trudy) of the P.P.
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology. 128: 199-216.
Walters Shoal
Detinova N.N., Sagaidachny A.Yu., 1994. Vertical distribution
of bottom fauna on the slope of the Walters Shoal
(Madagascar Ridge). Transactions (Trudy) of the P.P.
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology. 129: 17-30.
Error seamount
Equator
seamount
Saya de
Malha
Taxonomical groups studied:
Spongia Hexactinellidae – Tabachnik, 1994; Scleractinia – Keller, 1994; Bivalvia Septibranchia – Krylova, 1994;
Cephalopoda – Nesis, 1986, 1993; Decapoda – Zarenkov, 1994, Spiridonov, 1994; Brachiopoda – Zezina, 1994;
Echinoidea -Mironov, 1985; Brachiopoda – Zezina, 2001;
Pisces – Parin, Prutko, 1985; Shcherbatchev et al., 1986; Gorelova et. al., 1993; Kotlyar, 1993; Pakhorukov,
Daniluk, 2002;
Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges
1973 - RV “Poseidon”
1975 - RV “Astronom”
1975-1976 - RV “Gerakl”
1978 – RVs “Zvezda”, “Kommunar”
1981 – RV “Darvin”
1979-1983 – RVs “Ikhtiandr” and
“Odissey” with manned
submersible“Sever -2”
1982 - RV “Akademik Kurchatov”
1983-1985 - RV “Professor Mesyatsev”
1987 – RV “Professor Shtokman”
Naska and Sala y Gomez Riges.
Main material collected
RV “Ikhtiandr”
5th cruise Aug.-Oct. 1979
6th cruise Aug.-Oct. 1980
trawls, visual observations
using manned submersible
(“Sever-2”)
Photo: Pakhorukov,N.P. 1999.
RV “Professor Shtokman”
18th cruise April-May 1987
bottom and mid-water trawls, baited traps,
bottom and vertical long-line
Photo: courtesy N.Kucheruk
RV “Professor Shtokman” 18th
Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges.
Seamounts sampled.
21
19
20
22
18
5
3
1
2
4
6
7
8
16
17
13
10 14
15
9
11 12
After Parin et al., 1997
1
2
3
4
5
Igolnaya (Needle)
Utes (Rock)
Ichthyologists
Stolbovaya (Pillar)
Kupol (Cupole)
6 Pervomayskaya
(Mayday)
7 Zhemchuzhnaya
(Pearl)
8 Yantarnaya (Amber)
9 Zapadnaya (Western)
10 Baral
11 Dlinnaya (Long)
12 Bolshaya (Great)
13 Kommunar (Communard)
14 Novaya (New)
15 Dorofeev (South)
16 Albert
17 Ikhtiandr (South Tropic)
18 Ekliptika (Ecliptic)
19 Professor Mesyatzev
20 Zvezda (Star)
21 Nachalnaya (Initial)
22 Soldatov
Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges.
Parin et al.,
1997
Invertebrate genera
reported (total)
Fishes
Scleractinia – Keller, 2001;
Gastropoda – Kantor & Sysoev, 1992;
Sysoev, 1990
Portunidae – Galil & Spiridonov, 1998
Parapaguridae – Zhadan, 1997
Invertebrates
Parin N.V., Mironov A.N., Nesis K.N., 1997.
Biology of the Nazca and Sala y Gomez
submarine ridges, an outpost of the IndoWest Pacific fauna in the eastern Pacific
Ocean. Composition and distribution of the
fauna, its communities, and history.
Advances in Marine Biology, 32: 145–242
Current data
177
208
143 (192 spp.)
180 (226 spp.)
Number of invertebrate
genera represented by
one species
117 (82%)
142 (79%)
Number of invertebrate
genera represented by
more than 3 species
4
3
Fish families reported
64
64
Fish genera reported
(number of species)
130 (171 spp.)
131 (170 spp.)
106 (83%)
109 (83%)
Invertebrate genera where
the number of species is
known
Number of fish genera
represented by one
species
Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges.
Dominant groups.
21
22
5
3
1
2
4
6 7 8
19 20
18
16 17
13
10 14
9 1112 15
Photos: courtesy A.N. Mironov
RV “Professor Shtokman” 18th
cruise
 Projasus
● Stereocidaris
▼ Spongia
after Parin et al., 1997
Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges.
Biogeographic boundaries.
Faunal similarity
77% genera have distributional boundaries between 87-83ºW
Haeker & Dice index: D(X,Y)=a/[a + min (b,c)
Fish fauna
Invertebrates (167 spp)
Latidunal transects (60 invertebrate genera)
Parin et al., 1997
Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges.
Endemism and faunistic relationship.
Invertebrates.
at species level
81 endemic species reported (76 spp. in Parin et. al. , 1997)
No endemics east of 83ºW.
Only 4 of endemic species known both east and west of 83º W
at generic level
2 supposedly endemic genera (1.6% vs. 3% reported by Parin et al., 1997)
- Pseudoplectella Tabachnik, 1990 (Hexactinellidae)
- Cribrosoconcha Krylova 1991 ( Bivalvia Septibranchia)
Schripsechinus Allison et al., 1967 (Echinoidea) – also reported from San Felix Is
Pseudobathytanais Kudinova-Pasternak1990 (Tanaidacea) – recently reported also
from southeastern Australian continental slope (Larsen, K. & Heard, R.W. ,2001).
Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges.
Endemism and faunistic relationship.
Invertebrates.
Total No of
species
Subcontinental regions
WP&EP
WP
Endemics
Other
regions
EP
Hexactinellidae
6
-
2(33%)
1(17%)
2 (33%)
1(17%)
Scleractinia
25
2 (8%)
14 (56%)
6 (24%)
1 (4%)
2 (8%)
Gastropoda Turridae
25
1(4%)
-
-
24 (96%)
-
Cirripedia
14
1(7%)
1(7%)
1(7%)
11 (79%)
-
Tanaidacea
9
1(11%)
-
1(11%)
2 (22%)
5(66%)
Macrura
29
-
11(38%)
1 (3%)
10 (34%)
7 (24%)
Brachiura & Anomura
24
-
8(33%)
3(13%)
10 (41%)
2(8%)
Bivalvia Septibranchia
7
-
1(14%)
-
7 (72%)
1(14%)
Brachiopoda
4
1(25%)
-
-
1 (25%)
2(50%)
Echinoidea
19
-
2(11%)
1(5%)
8 (42%)
8(42%)
164
6(4%)
39(24%)
13(8%)
76 (46.3%)
28(17%)
Total
after Parin et al., 1997, with additions
Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges.
Endemism. Fish fauna.
70 endemic species reported – 41,2% (previously reported by Parin et al. – 44.2%)
5 endemic species reported only east of 83º W:
Mollisquama parini Dolganov
Facciolella castlei Parin & Karmovskaya
Gaidropsarus parini Svetovidov
Caelorinchus immaculatus Sazonov&Iwamoto
Plagiogeneion geminatus Parin
Most of endemic species belong to Macrouridae (9 spp.) and Moriidae (6 spp.)
Number of families represented only by endemic species:
Torpedinidae, Ophichthidae, Nettastomatidae, Congridae, Argentinidae, Photichthyidae,
Sternoptychidae, Aulopidae, Gadidae, Chaunacidae, Ogcocephalidae, Polymixiidae,
Pentacerotidae, Percophidae
3 supposedly endemic genera (2.3%):
Mollisquama Dolganov (Squalidae)
Anatolantias Anderson, Parin & Randal (Serranidae)
Dactylopsaron Parin & Belyanina (Percophidae)
Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges.
Endemism and faunistic relationship.
24 spp. reported also from other
regions:
Hawaii (16 spp.)
Southern Japan (11 spp.)
New Caledonia (5 spp.),
Philippines (5 spp.)
Australia (4 spp.)
High affinity at generic level with
Southern Japan (85%)
Hawaii (74%)
Southeastern Australa (77%)
Number of fish genera in the fauna of Nazca &Sala y Gomez ridges
(down to 800m depth) that occur in other regions
after Parin et al., 1997, with additions
Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges.
Biogeographical position
Based on invertebrate fauna
Sala y Gomezian province of IWP region:
Sala y Gomez Ridge from 83ºW to ~101ºW
(Mironov&Detinova, 1990)
Nasca Ridge – part of subcontinental EP
unit
Based on fish fauna
Nazcaplatensis Province of IWP region:
Sala y Gomez & Nazca ridges+
(?) sublittoral and upperbathyal zone of
San Felix, San Ambrosio, Juan Fernandez,
Sala y Gomes and Easter Is., excluding
coastal shallow-water fauna
Eastern boundary of IWP region
Panamian Province (EPR)
Galapagos Province (EPR)
Nazcaplatensis Province (NP)
Rapanuiian Province (R)
Peruvian Province (EPssR)
Central Chilean Province (EPssR)
East boundary of Sala-y-Gomezian province
Juan Fernandez Province (EPssR)
(Parin et al. 1997)
Zoning of sublittoral and upper bathyal
(Mironov, 1994)
Meridional assimetry
in limits of distribution
of eastern and western
panthalassic species
(shifted to east in
Atlantic and Pacific and
to west in Indian Ocean)
Bondary zones zones outlining areals of
western (A.&P) or
eastern (IO) pantalassic
taxa
Exotic regions –
with great number of
endemics and exotic
taxa (absent in
adjacent areas)
faunistic boundaries between subcontinental and oceanic subordinate regions
boundaries of oceanic exotic regions
zone of oceanic exotic regions (limit for both western and eastern panthalassic taxa)
winter isotherms of surface water 10 and 20ºC (supposed to correspond to boundaries
between oceanic subordinate regions