Transcript GEOGRAPHY QUIZ - Shun Lee Catholic Secondary School

GEOGRAPHY
QUIZ
Impact of
Industrialization and
Urbanization
Early 1900s Late 1900s
Land for
wheat
Wheat yield
per hectare
Cultivated
land
Number of
farms
Number of
workers
500,000
hectares
1,500,000
hectares
2 tonnes
6 tonnes
13 million
hectares
12 million
hectares
500,000
250,000
1,000,000
500,000
Early 1900s Late 1900s
Total Output
of Wheat
Average Farm
Size
Labour
Productivity of
Wheat
Man-land
Ratio
Changes in farming Methods
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Higher degree of mechanization
More capital intensive
Labour extensive
Larger scale of operation
More energy subsidies
More high order / value-added products
More protein-products e.g. poultry
Higher intensity of land use
Population redistribution
• mechanization and application of energy
subsidies release labour
• excess labour will go to urban area to
seek for employment/rural urban
migration
• to strong market linkage with the urban
promotes interaction and communication
between rural and urban
• some urban residents will migrate to
rural for seeking better living
environment / counter-urbanization
Loss of Cultivated land
• marginal land became abandoned due to
shortage of labour
• land was use to develop public and social
facilities due to social and economic
development e.g. roads
• development of residential area for
migrants from urban area
• development of non-rural activities such
as recreational area
Causes
• Industrialization and economic
development in urban area provide
better employment opportunities and
higher living standard
• growth of urban population create
greater market for high order farming
products (market gardening products)
• technological improvement in farming
techniques
• urban expansion such as urban sprawl and
suburbanization
distance from
Region
urban market
Intensive
farming (%)
A
48
59
B
37
58
C
32
54
D
28
45
E
25
20
F
15
40
G
12
42
d
Spearman’s rank correlation
n
r 1
6 d
i 1
2
2
i
n(n  1)
n= •7
n2= •49
n(n2•-1)= 7X(49-1)=336
6 X d2=
distance from
Region
urban market
Abandoned
Land (%)
A
48
34
B
37
33
C
32
31
D
28
29
E
25
64
F
15
38
G
12
36
d
Spearman’s rank correlation
n
r 1
6 d
i 1
2
n(n  1)
n=7
n2=49
n(n2-1)=336
6 X d2=
2
i
Spearman’s rank correlation
+1=• Strong positive correlation
0=• No significant correlation
-1=• Strong negative correlation
• -0.5
• =slight negative correlation
• Percentage of abandoned land
slight decreases as distance from
urban market increases
• Percentage of abandoned land
varies with different distance
from urban market
It is because
• Anticipation of urban encroachment decreases as
distance from urban market increases
• There are many factors that will affect the decision
of the farmers.
• The personal and behavioural factors should be
considered.
• Farmers near to urban market may be affected by
negative impact of urban activities.
• Farmers far away from urban market may give up
farmland with poor accessibility and shortage of
irrigation water
• Urban sprawl may not be regular and anticipation
may not be direct proportion to distance