Transcript Lecture 1 - gserianne.com

Bio102
Laboratory 10
Gross & Histological Anatomy of the
Respiratory System
Pulmonary tests using the Spirolab II
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Objectives for today’s lab
• 1. Master calculations for respiratory volumes/capacities
• 2. Recognize the gross anatomical structures listed below
a) on human torso models or isolated models examined in lab
b) in photographs of human models
c) in the cat or in photographs of the cat
• 3. Identify microscopically, in photomicrographs
a) the type of epithelium lining the respiratory tract
b) mucus glands/goblet cells
c) respiratory cilia
• 4. Assess your pulmonary function (FVC and FEV1) using the
Spirolab II electronic spirometer.
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Review of Respiratory Volumes/Capacities
Figure from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LungVolume.jpg
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Tabular Method of Calculating Volumes/Capacities
Approximate Standard Lung Volumes and Capacities
(See your Laboratory Guide, “Alveolar Ventilation” from Levitzky)
IRV = 2.5 L
IC = 3.0 L
TV = 0.5 L
VC = 4.5 L
TLC = 6.0 L
ERV = 1.5L
FRC = 3.0 L
RV = 1.5 L
IC = TV + IRV
FRC = ERV + RV
VC = TV + IRV + ERV
TLC = VC + RV
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Frontal sinus
Nasal cavity
Sphenoidal
sinus
Vestibule of
nasal cavity
Opening of
pharyngotympanic
tube
External nares
Internal nares
Palatine bone
Nasopharynx
Uvula (Soft
palate)
Oropharynx
Epiglottis
Laryngopharynx
Thyroid cartilage
Larynx
Cricoid cartilage
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Mucous in Respiratory Tract
Respiratory mucosa lines the conducting passageways and is
responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying air.
Cilia move mucus and trapped particles from the nasal cavity (>10
µm) to the pharynx, and lower respiratory tract (1-5 µm) to pharynx
The Mucus Escalator
Irritation of any sort greatly increases mucus production
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Larynx
Inelastic
Vestibular folds
Covered by
folds of
laryngeal
epithelium
that project
into glottis
Protective
Posterior
Sound
Vocal folds (cords)
Elastic
Figure from: Martini,
Anatomy & Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Epiglottis
Lesser horn of hyoid
Greater horn of
hyoid bone
Body of hyoid bone
Arytenoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid muscle
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricothyroid muscle
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal cartilage
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Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Thyrohyoid muscle
Thyroid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Rima glottidis
Arytenoid cartilage
Vocal fold
Tracheal cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Trachealis muscle
Cricotracheal ligament
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Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Arytenoid
cartilage
Corniculate
cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
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Epiglottis
Greater horn of
hyoid bone
Vestibular fold
Vocal fold
Lesser horn of
hyoid bone
Body of hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid
membrane
Thyroid cartilage
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal cartilage
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Trachea & Primary Bronchi
Posterior
Note that the
trachea is
anterior to the
esophagus
(T5)
(T6)
Anterior
C-rings of cartilage: 16-20 incomplete rings
completed posteriorly by trachealis muscle
keep trachea open (patent)
Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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The Lungs
3 lobes
2 lobes
Note that the
number of
secondary
bronchi =
number of
lung lobes
Figure from: Martini,
Anatomy & Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Epiglottis of larynx
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid membrane
Larynx
Trachea
Cricotracheal ligament
Lobar bronchus
Segmental bronchus
Higher-order
bronchus
Main bronchus
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Superior
lobe of right
lung
Trachea
Main
bronchus
Lobar
bronchus
Middle
lobe of
right
lung
Respiratory
diaphragm
Inferior
lobe of left
lung
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Larynx
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Opening to
esophagus
Vocal cords (true and
false)
Hyoid
bone
Glottis
Base of
tongue
Epiglottis
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True vocal
cords
Thyroid
cartilage
(cut)
Thyroid
gland
Epiglo
ttis
Cricoid
cartilage (cut)
Trac
hea
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Thyroid
cartilage
Cricoid
cartilage
Trachea
Right anterior lobe of
lung
Right middle lobe of
lung
Right posterior lobe of
lung
Respiratory
diaphragm
Left anterior lobe of
lung
Left middle lobe of
lung
Left posterior lobe of
lung
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For Next Lab
• Human and Cat digestive system anatomy
– Gross anatomy: torso models, isolated models, and
cats
– Microscopic anatomy: microscope slides
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