Transcript Are some strategies for population management more

Explore, by drawing stick people, the
consequences of maintaining the same family size
through three generations of three families.
Meet the Family:
Couple A has one child
Couple B has two children
Couple C has three children
Are some strategies for population management
more sustainable than others?
Learning Outcomes:
•All Should: be able to list different methods
used control a countries population.
•Most Should: : be able to identify the key
reasons why certain countries manage the
population and begin to analyse their
effectiveness.
•Some Could: be able to carry out all of the
above, moving onto analyse the social,
economic, political and environmental
effectiveness in further detail.
Competence: Team Work
Key Words / Ideas
Sustainable = the
likelihood of a
country to support
itself into the
future.
Key Words:
-
Population
-
Consequences
-
Life expectancy
-
Ageing population
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Youthful Population
-
Consequences
Group work
Discuss a definition and the
goals of family planning.
The Government grants freedom in order to allow people to
decide how many children they want e.g. LEDC countries
couples are allowed to have as many babies as they wish.
Use the ‘Parenthood Policies
in Europe’ article to decide
whether European countries
have pro-natalist or ‘laissez
faire’ population policies.
Useful link:
http://news.bbc.co.uk
/1/hi/world/europe/4
837422.stm
The Government encourages its people to have less or more
babies. This could be through optional financial rewards or
through more oppressive routes e.g. denying people access to
contraception.
Dependency Ratio
One way of seeing if a country has a problem with its
population is by calculating its dependency
ratio. This shows how many young (0-14 years old) and old
people (65 years old and over) there
are in a country, compared to those aged 15-64 (the
working age group). The calculation is written
below:
Number of children 0-14 years old + number of old people
over 65 years old
________________________________________________
Number of people aged 15 to 64 years old
So what does the answer you get actually mean?
Well if you get a dependency ratio of 50, this means that
for every 100 people who are of working age
there are 50 people who depend on them in that country.
Calculate the dependency ratio for the UK and for the
Gambia in the year 2000
1) How has China
reduced its rate of
population increase
since 1950?
2) In 1930, Thailand was at
Stage 1 of the DTM. In 2000
it was at Stage 4. What has
made this possible?
Strategies for Population
Management
3) What is being done to prevent a
population explosion in Gambia?
4) What is being done to
prevent future problems
associated with an Ageing
population in the UK?
Example Case Study:
What is being done to prevent future problems associated with an
Ageing population in the UK?
Case Study Facts
(causes & impacts)
UK Is an MEDC
Low birth rate
Strategies used to influence
natural population change?
How effective are the strategies
for population management (use
this question to comment on the
sustainability of the programmes)
•Most Should: : be able to identify the key reasons why certain
countries manage the population and begin to analyse their
effectiveness.
How has China reduced its rate of population increase since 1950?
Case study: China
In the late 1970s, the Chinese government introduced a number of measures to reduce the country's birth rate and slow the population
growth rate. The most important of the new measures was a one-child policy, which decreed that couples in China could only have one
child.
In 1950 the rate of population change in China was 1.9 per cent each year. If this doesn't sound high, consider that a growth rate of only 3
per cent will cause the population of a country to double in less than 24 years!
Previous Chinese governments had encouraged people to have a lot of children to increase the country's workforce. But by the 1970s the
government realised that current rates of population growth would soon become unsustainable.
The one-child policy
The one-child policy, established in 1979, meant that each couple was allowed just one child. Benefits included increased access to
education for all, plus childcare and healthcare offered to families that followed this rule.
Problems with enforcing the policy:
Those who had more than one child didn't receive these benefits and were fined.
The policy was keenly resisted in rural areas, where it was traditional to have large families.
In urban areas, the policy has been enforced strictly but remote rural areas have been harder to control.
Many people claim that some women, who became pregnant after they had already had a child, were forced to have an abortion and
many women were forcibly sterilised. There appears to be evidence to back up these claims.
Impact of the policy
The birth rate in China has fallen since 1979, and the rate of population growth is now 0.7 per cent.
There have been negative impacts too - due to a traditional preference for boys, large numbers of female babies have ended up homeless
or in orphanages, and in some cases killed. In 2000, it was reported that 90 per cent of foetuses aborted in China were female.
As a result, the gender balance of the Chinese population has become distorted. Today it is thought that men outnumber women by more
than 60 million.
Long-term implications
China's one-child policy has been somewhat relaxed in recent years. Couples can now apply to have a second child if their first child is a
girl, or if both parents are themselves only-children.
While China's population is now rising more slowly, it still has a very large total population (1.3 billion in 2008) and China faces new
problems, including:
the falling birth rate - leading to a rise in the relative number of elderly people
fewer people of working age to support the growing number of elderly dependants - in the future China could have an ageing population
In 1930, Thailand was at Stage 1 of the DTM.
In 2000 it was at Stage 4. What has made this
possible?
• P70 / 71 of textbook
The Thai Government encouraged
couples to have large families
before 1960 to increase the
workforce. Post 1960 it has
followed an antinatalist policy
4) What is being done to prevent future problems associated with
an Ageing population in the UK?
An ageing population
•
•
•
•
•
As people live longer, the structure of
a population changes.
Many MEDCs are now experiencing a
significant increase in the number of
elderly people as a proportion of the
population.
As birth rates fall and people have
smaller families, the number of
young dependants is falling and the
number of elderly dependants is
rising.
In the near future this will mean that
there are fewer economically active
people to support the elderly
population.
To try to balance out an ageing
population, some countries adopt
a pro-natalist policy - that is, they
encourage people to have more
children by offering them benefits,
such as access to childcare and
maternity leave.
Coping with an ageing population in the UK
What are the issues?
• There are decreasing numbers of economically
active people in the population and more elderly
dependents.
What can be done about it?
• People are encouraged to save for their retirement
in pensions and investments.
• The retirement age is increasing.
• Facilities such as nursing homes and care workers
will be needed, perhaps in preference to schools
and nurseries, as the population gets older.
• Economically active skilled and unskilled migrants
could be encouraged.
Longer term impacts?
• The birth rate in the UK is still decreasing and
there are more people aged over 65 than under
16.
• Longer term concern for the economy of the UK as
less economically active able to pay taxes.
3) What is being done to prevent a population explosion
in Gambia?
Background information:
The Gambia (LEDC) is the smallest African country and 95% of Gambia’s population are
Muslim. There has been a taboo on contraceptives and the birth rate is high, on average
each woman in her life time will have 7 children. The birth rate is 40 per 1000 population
and for every 1000 children born 11 mothers will die in child birth. People do not live
much be 40 – 50, the life expectancy for women is 57 and for men 53. It is thought that
the population will double every 28 years.
Problems having a young population:
•High dependency ratio, very hard to support all the services required for the young.
•Financial problems – not having enough money to feed and support the growing family.
Malnutrition is common.
•Homes often don’t have electricity and are overcrowded.
•Sanitation is very poor.
•Deforestation people use the wood for fires housing and selling. The land left ends up as
desert therefore making the temperature rise.
•Not enough education, there is a shortage of toilet facilities and educational material,
often schools adopted a 2 shift system some children educated in the morning and some
later in the day. Teachers are poorly paid and can work up to 12 hours a day.
3) What is being done to prevent a population explosion
in Gambia?
Responses to the problems:
1) Contraception
There are now awareness campaigns and radio adverts explaining about contraceptives. An NGO
called Futures is helping to address the problem by delivering very cheap contraception which is
subsidised by the World Health Organisation.
2) Health
To reduce the infant mortality rate funding from Canada is used to provide free vaccination for
children. Improved maternity care helps the mothers to survive. Parents are encouraged to space out
the births so that mother has enough time to recover.
3) Managing Resources
The German government are funding a forest management scheme. The plan is to plant new forests
and educate the population on how to look after and use the forests.
4) Education
More and more children are attending school.
Reflective
Review
WWW:______
EBI: ________
•Most Should: : be
able to identify the
key reasons why
certain countries
manage the
population and
begin to analyse
their effectiveness.
Additional Reading / Internet Links
• http://griffid10.wix.com/gcse-unit2#!__population-dynamics