Bryophytes - Utah State University: Intermountain Herbarium
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Transcript Bryophytes - Utah State University: Intermountain Herbarium
Kindbergia oregana
Photo: Surrey W.L. Jacobs
Bryophytes
For Biology 2410
Utah State University
Kindbergia oregana
Photo: Surrey W.L. Jacobs
Three groups
hornwort
mosses
Leafy liverwort
Characteristics
Chlorophyll a, Starch, Cellulose
No lignin
Usually no conductive tissue, sometimes
poorly developed tissue
Gametophyte dominant, perennial
Sporophyte parasitic on gametophyte
NEED MOIST ENVIRONMENT, when
active
Structure: Gametophyte
Gametophore – leafy
structure or thick,
conspicuous part
Gametophore produces
archegonia and
antheridia – which
produce gametes
Moss
gametophore
Leafy
Liverwort
Thallose
liverwort
Sex!
Sperm swim from antheridia
into archegonia and fertilize
egg
Sporophyte grows out of
archegonium
Archegonia,
with egg
Antheridia
Structure: Sporophyte
Sporophyte produces
capsule
In capsule: MEIOSIS,
produces spores
Spores fall to ground
and germinate to form
protonema, first stage
of gametophyte
generation
Protonema
Moss
Protonema
Liverwort
Hornwort
Nutrition
Autotrophic
Gametophore most important for
energy capture
[In mosses and hornworts some photosynthesis in
sporophyte]
Absorb water and nutrients through
leaves/body and rhizoids
Some conduction by capillary action
Distribution & Role
Most abundant in humid, temperate or
tropical regions
Intercept rains drops – prevent wash-outs
Pioneers
Soil protection
100 years to regenerate trees; 300 years to
regenerate bryophyte flora
Shelter and food
Three groups
hornwort
mosses
Leafy liverwort
Mosses
Most abundant
bryophytes
Persistent
sporophyte
Leaves 3-ranked
Leaves not lobed,
mostly 1 cell thick
Leaves often with
costa
Moss Sporophyte
Persistent
Seta + capsule
Capsule has:
Sporangium
Peristome teeth
Operculum
Covered by calyptra
Calyptra = Top of
archegonium
Peristome
teeth
teeth
Hairy calyptras
Liverworts
Two kinds
Leafy
Well-defined leaves
Ill-defined leaves
Thallose
Big, dichotomous
lobes
Small, rosettes
Liverworts
Leafy – 2 or 3 rows
Leaves often lobed
Leaves no costa
Two layouts
Incubus – water catching
Succubus – roof style
Underleaves …
Sporophyte ephemeral
Capsule splits