Transcript Slide 1

Brucellosis
• 100 to 200 cases occur each year in US
• Worldwide distribution
• More common in countries without good
standardized and effective public health and
domestic animal health programs
• High risk areas: Portugal, Spain, Southern
France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, North Africa,
South and Central America, Eastern Europe,
Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Middle East
Brucellosis
• abortions, infertility, and
lowered milk production
• 1952 annual cost $400 M
• < $1 M today
• 1956 – 124,000 infected
herds in US
• 1992 – 700 herds
• 2000 – 6 herds
• Undulant fever in humans
(flu-like symptoms,
months to yrs)
• Since 2002, 48 states
brucellosis-free status
Brucellosis
• bison and elk in GYA
• Maintain free-ranging
bison and prevent
exposure to cattle
• 1934 Brucellosis
Eradication Program for
bison in YNP, include
border control program
• Until 1988, few bison left
YNP
Brucellosis
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1996-97 bison herd at record levels
Harsh winter
1,079 bison that left YNP were shot
1,300 bison in YNP starved
>50% of bison herd (+)
Brucellosis
• Wind Cave NP and
Custer State Park, SD
• Wichita Mountain Wildlife
Refuge, OK
• UV-B and temp important
in determining how long
Brucella viable in fetal
tissue
• 3 days (late spring) to 78
days (mid-winter)
• Fetuses scavenged, avg
15 days
Brucellosis
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Greater Yellowstone Interagency
Brucellosis Committee (GYIBC) =
NPS, USFWS, USGS, USFS,
USDA APHIS, Idaho, Montana
Wyoming
Developed Interagency Bison
Management Plan (IBMP) to
further the goals and objectives of
the GYIBC. Agree on core
principles:
– Conservation of viable wild and
free-ranging elk and bison herds
in the GYA
– Maintenance of a viable livestock
industry in the GYA
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Commitment to the eventual
elimination of brucellosis from
bison and other wildlife.
Brucellosis
• Hazing efforts, capture testing and
relocation, lethal removal
• RB51 vaccine
Bovine TB in MN
• Since 2005, 11 cattle farms
• Since fall 2007, 21 wild deer (+); within 5 mi.
Bovine TB in MN
• Fall 2006: Ban on rec. feeding
in 4,000 mi2 area
• 2006-07: aerial survey = 900+
deer in core area; 29 illegal
bait sites
• Feb 2007, contract with
APHIS-WS = sharpshooting in
core area
• Removed 488 deer (6+)
• Fall 2007, new deer permit
area created for TB zone
• 1,166 deer harvested (4+)
• Prevalence estimated at 0.37%
• Jan 2008 aerial survey = 800+
deer in core area
Bovine TB in Manitoba
• Since 1991,
Manitoba 40 elk and 8
white-tailed deer have
tested positive for
bovine tuberculosis in
the Riding Mountain
area.
Bovine TB
• UK
• Badgers (Meles meles) and cattle
Bovine TB
• New Zealand
• Brush tail possum
Bovine TB in MI
• History of bovine TB in
Michigan cattle
• Bovine TB into wild deer
herd; reservoir for
reinfection of cattle
• 1975 TB + deer, Alcona
Co.
• 1994 TB + deer, Alpena
Co.
• Triggers testing of deer
Bovine TB in MI
• Michigan Bovine TB
Eradication Project
• Multi-agency team of
experts from the
MDA, DNR, DCH,
MSU, USDA
Bovine TB in MI
• Surveys of deer pop.
• Testing of harvested
deer
• Ban baiting
• Reduce interactions
with cattle (conc.
feed)
• Testing of cattle
herds, depopulate if +
Bovine TB in MI
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Coyotes as sentinels
58 of 175 coyotes tested positive
Prevalence by county ranged from
19% to 52% (mean 33%, SE 0.07)
Prevalence in deer (n = 3,817)
was lower (i.e., 1.49%
Focus on coyotes rather than
deer, sampled 97% fewer
individuals and increased the
likelihood of detecting M. bovis by
40%.
Sentinel coyote surveys have the
potential to be practical indicators
of M. bovis presence in wildlife
and livestock.
VerCauteren et al. 2008