Transcript Biomechanics Notes Chapter 1 What is biomechanics?

Chapter 2
Anatomical
Movement
Terminology
Analyzing Human Movement
 consistent
descriptive terms
 accurately describe actions
 identify critical actions
 Cover
quickly, from KNR 181
Standard reference terminology:
Anatomical reference position.
Is this position neutral?
-”palms forward” requires muscle activity
Directional terms:
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Superior
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Inferior
Directional terms:
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Superior
Anterior
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Inferior
Posterior
Directional terms:
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Superior
Anterior
Medial
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Inferior
Posterior
Lateral
Directional terms:
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Superior
Anterior
Medial
Proximal
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Inferior
Posterior
Lateral
Distal
Directional terms:
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Superior
Anterior
Medial
Proximal
Superfacial
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Inferior
Posterior
Lateral
Distal
Deep
Anatomical reference planes
Cardinal planes:
 Sagittal plane
 Frontal plane
 Transverse plane
 Oblique planes
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Anatomical Reference Axes
Medio-lateral axis (frontal, transverse)
 Anteroposterior axis (sagittal axis)
 Longitudinal axis (vertical)
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Joint Movement Terminology
Sagittal plane movements:
Flexion
 Extension
 Hyperextension
 Dorsiflexion
 Plantar flexion

Axis????
Frontal plane movements
Abduction
 Adduction
 Lateral flexion - sideways rotation of the
trunk.
 Elevation of the shoulder girdle.
 Depression of the shoulder girdle.
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Axis????
Frontal plane movements
Radial deviation - rotation of the hand at the
wrist in the frontal plane toward the thumb.
 Ulnar deviation - rotation of the hand at the
wrist in the frontal plane toward the little
finger.
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Frontal Plane Movements
Eversion of the foot - outward rotation of
the sole of the foot.
 Inversion of the foot - inward rotation of the
sole of the foot.
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Transverse plane movements:
Left rotation of the head, neck, and trunk.
 Right rotation of the head, neck, and trunk.
 Medial rotation of the arm or leg.
 Lateral rotation of the arm or leg.
 Supination and pronation of the forearm.
 Horizontal abduction and adduction
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– horizontal extension and flexion
Axis????
Other movements:
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Circumduction - combination of
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction
– finger circling in a raised position.
– hip
– knee
Supination of the foot - inversion,
adduction, and plantar flexion.
 Pronation of the foot - eversion, abduction,
and dorsiflexion.
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Homework
Due Friday, January 25, 2002
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