Transcript PH1600: Introductory Astronomy

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PH1600: Introductory Astronomy
Lecture 13: The Sun’s Interior
PH1600: Introductory Astronomy
Lecture 13: The Sun’s Interior
Next Lecture: Stars
School: Michigan Technological University
Professor: Robert Nemiroff
Online Course WebCT pages:
http://courses.mtu.edu/
This class can be taken online ONLY, class
attendance is not required!
You are responsible for…
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Lecture material
Listed wikipedia entries
 But not higher math
APODs posted during the semester
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APOD review every week during lecture
Completing the Quizzes
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Homework quizzes 1 - 6, Midterm already due
Homework 7 released today (Wed.) at 4 pm
See WebCT at http://courses.mtu.edu/
Wikipedia entries:
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Sun
Solar core
proton-proton chain reaction
gravitational lens
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The Sun’s Interior
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Core
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Radiative zone
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Hottest
Fuses hydrogen into helium
Energy transferred by photons
Convection zone
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Bubbling action like boiling water
Windows to the Universe
http://soi.stanford.edu/results/sundiag.jpg
Rivers in the Sun
Credit: SOHO, MDI, Stanford U., ESA, NASA
APOD: 1997 September 4
The Sun Oscillates
Credit: GONG, NOAO
APOD: 1999 June 15
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:FusionintheSun.svg
Proton-Proton Nuclear
Chain Reaction
Solar Neutrinos
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Nuclear Fusion creates neutrinos
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“proton-proton chain” in the Sun
First experiments weren’t seeing
them
Second experiments saw too few
Latest experiments verify that
neutrinos can change type after
created
Rafting for Solar Neutrinos
Credit: Super-Kamiokande Collaboration, Japan
APOD: 1997 October 28
KamLAND Verifies the Sun
Credit: KamLAND Collaboration
APOD: 2003 June 23
Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos
Credit: Robert Morse (U. Wisconsin)
The Amanda II Collaboration
APOD: 2003 August 3
The Sudbury Neutrino Detector
Credit: A. B. McDonald (Queen's University) et al.,
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Institute
APOD: 2001 February 25
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Institute
APOD: 2001 July 10
Sudbury Indicates Nonstandard Particle Model
Credit: A. B. McDonald (Queen's University) et al.,
Neutrinos in the Sun
Credit: R. Svoboda and K. Gordan (LSU)
APOD: 1998 June 5
Gravity, Lensing, and the Sun
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Does the Sun’s gravity bend light?
Einstein’s gravity of 1911
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Predicted light deflection
Attempts to test prediction halted by
weather, WWI
Einstein’s General Theory of
Relativity in 1915
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Predicted DIFFERENT light deflection
Confirmed in 1919
http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~ljw/ioa_new/Research/Grav_Lens/index2.html
Stars and the Solstice Sun
Composite Credit & Copyright: Jerry Lodriguss (Catching the Light)
APOD: 2007 June 21
http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~ljw/ioa_new/Research/Grav_Lens/index2.html
Too Close to a Black Hole
Credit & Copyright: Robert Nemiroff (MTU)
APOD: 2000 December 10
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_bht.html
Gravitational lensing near a
black hole
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Visual Distortions Near a Black Hole
and Neutron Star
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Nemiroff, R. J. 1993, American Journal
of Physics, 61, 619
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_bht.html