Transcript Arne Trageton Playful computer writing

Arne Trageton
Writing to Read.
Playful Computer Writing
5-11 years
Mass
implementation
2002-10
ICCP conference
Portugal
June 16-18. 2010
• Workshop
pedagogy
• Play in lower
primary school
• Themes in lower
primary school
• Writing to Read
with ICT
P 32-35
Pioneer project. 1999-2002
Resume
Will playful computer writing
(6-9 years) and delayed formal
teaching of handwriting until
8 year olds give better Writing
quality and easier Reading?
Playful computer writing
1999-2002
• Grade 1-4 (6- 9 years)
• 14 classes
• Norway, Denmark, Finland, Estonia
• Action research- R&D
• Observation, questionnaires
• 60 videos, 7500 texts
• Tests:
Creative computer writing and hand writing
Qualitative development
Grade 1. Writing to Read very easy
Letter strings. Letter hunting
Dictionary
Story
Grade 2. Producing own textbooks
and newspapers. Library important
Reading books: Pippi, 5 pages
Wild animals in Africa, 6 pages
Newspaper: News, sport
Grade 3. Advanced fiction- and
factual prose books, newspapers
Stimulate advanced reading
Book: Pippi. Page 26
Newspaper: 16 pages. News. Bombing in Afghanistan
Creative Writing test. Grade 3
(score 1-4)
Significant p<0.001
Handwriting test
Grade 3
Handwriting quality (1 lowest, 4 highest)
• PC classes
2.74
• Handwriting classes
2.45
Word pr. minute
• PC classes
• Handwriting classes
4.35
4.91
The mass
implementation
2002-2010
How to implement
the playful
“Writing to Read”
strategy in the
Nordic countries?
www.hsh.no/home/atr/tekstskaping
• Textbooks
• Video
(some English)
• English articles
• Tekstsamling
(1000 texts)
Courses: 20 000 teachers
School development examples:
1. Norway. Bergen
2002: 18 schools (3 day-courses through the year)
2003: 43 schools (3 courses)
2005: All 65 schools in town
2. Sweden. Similar examples in many communities
Bachelors-some Masters- 2 doctor started
3. Finland: Helsinki Un. Espoo 2009 -> : 25 schools (30%)
(Bachelor and Master students follow)
Swedish/Finland: Vasa 2006-2009. R&D project
(Bachelors/Masters follow)
Spread 2009/2011 to rest of Swedish-Finland
Åland/Finland: 85% of the schools
Computers
in
School
Consumer or producer?
Norway 2006-2009
ICT in School
800 Million Euro?
1 computer per 4 students
World top
PISA. ICT negative effect
• High density of computers
• Low learning results (f.ex.Norway)
• Low density of computers
• High learning results (f.ex Finland)
Wössmann & Fuchs. München 2004
PC out of school!
• ”Pedagogic” programmes boring and
harmful
• Negative correlations PC use – learning
results
• PC disturb teaching
• Uncontrolled gaming and surfing
• Students break the school’s ICT safety
system
(Report from USA in Der Spiegel)
Student as consumer
IT -> negativ effect
Healy J M(1998) Failure to connect
• Damaging effects by heavy consumption of internet, CD
rom, play station –TV channels
• Internet: Push and see - Do surfing and learn nothing
• Metaanalysis 300 ICT reports: Little – none - negative
learning effect
• Serious concentration problems
Jonassen D H (2000) Computers as mindtools for schools
85% of ”pedagogic software programs” are oldfashioned
CAI/behaviouristic consumer type - Harmful for learning
ICT research (Koschmann 2001, Jonassen 2000)
Computer-Ass.
Instruction CAI
Intelligent Tutor
System
ITS
Learning theory Instruction
model
Behaviorism
Programmed
(Skinner-Gagne)
instruction
InformationOne to one
process (Simon1979) interactive
LOGO as ”Latin” Cognitiveconstructivist
Learning as
invention
(Papert- Piaget)
Computer-Sup. Socio-cultural
Collaborative
learning theory
learning CSCL (Engestrøm - Vygotsky)
Co-operative
learning
Lars Vavik <[email protected]>
Education, Curricula & Technology 2007-2010
Conclusion
Teachers with low subject competence
• follow the textbook
• much uncontrolled PC use
• bad learning results
Teachers with high subject competence
• do not follow textbook
• little, but goal oriented ICT use
• good learning results
Natural Science
Social Science
Internet (IExplorer)
Internet (IExplorer)
Word processing (Word)
Word processing (Word)
LMS
Presentation tools (PowerPoint)
Web-pages in Science
LMS
PowerPoint
Map software (Google Earth)
Interactive animations
Photo editing
Calculations (Excel)
Digital folders for assignments
Digital maps
Net-based map resources
Digital camera
Spread sheet (Excel)
Photo editing
Digital camera
Databases - search data
Net-based interactive animations
Data logging
Video editing
Video editing
Construct/edit webpages
Publish results on the Internet
National registration programs
Construct/edit webpages
Databases - register data
National registration programs
Publishing on the Internet
Geographical inf. systems (GIS)
GPS in fieldwork
GPS in fieldwork
Never
1
2
3 Sometimes
4
5
Very
6
often
Never
1
2
3
Sometimes
4
Pedagogical related software on CD-ROM/DVD: 70-90 % unknown or not used
5
Very
6
often
Student as producer
National Curriculum
1997-2006
(Norway)
Nat. Curriculum 2006
Basic competences
• Oral
• Writing
• Reading
• Mathematics
• Digital competance (ICT)
(produse, compose and publish
multimodale digital texts)
P 48
EU parliament 2006.
Key competences
1. Communication-mother tongue
2. Communication - foreign languages
3. Mathemath/science/technology
4. Digital competence
5. Learning to learn
6. Intercultural/social/civic
7. Entrepreneurship
8. Cultural expression
1. Communication
Express/interpret
thoughts/feelings/facts oral and written
and interact linguistically
4. Digital competence
Retrieve, assess, store, produce,
present and exchange information.
Communicate/participate in
collaborative networks via Internet
Sweden: Nat. Curriculum (1998)
…talking and writing well,
and with understanding
respect other’s way of
expressing themselves,
oral and written…
Finland: Nat. Curriculum 2004
Learning - active goal-seeking process
…work and cooperate in problemsolving
…possibilities in use of computers
…stimulate activities, self control, creativity
…play, creative activities and experiences
Mother tongue and literature
Broad text concept: spoken, written,
figurative, vocal, graphic
Grade 1-2: oral and written expression in
pairs, group and class discussions
…improvisation, narration, play and drama
…reading – writing - reflecting
…writing by hand and computer
Writing easier than reading
4-7 years
30-40 years research (handwriting)
• Clay (1975) What did I write?
• Chomsky (1982) Write now, read later
• Sulzby (1982) Writing easier than reading
• Teale (1982) ”
”
”
”
• Hall (1987)The emergency of literacy
• Hagtvet (1988) Play writing learned 6 year
olds to read
• Liberg (1993) How children learn to write
What is play?
• Action, symbol making (Comenius 1634)
• Children’s Art (Schiller 1793)
• Highest human expression (Frøbel 1826)
• Emotional mastering (Erikson 1971)
• Cognitive growth (Piaget 1946)
• Develop abstract thinking (Vygotsky 1933)
• Communication (Bateson 1976)
• Culture production (Huizinga 1938,
Gadamer 1965, Sutton Smith 1990)
Play-Writing 4-9 years
• Norway NC1997. Most playful school
curriculum in the world. Little research
• Playlearning (Pramling 2007)
• Playdrama (Lindquist 2005)
• Play - Emergent Literacy in Pre-school
(Christie/Roskos 2001)
• Play-Writing-Literacy in School
(Christie/Stones 1999)
Play – Writing - Computers
Play criteria
• Positive affect
• Intrinsic motivation
• Process more important than product
• ”as if” or non-literal attitude
• Exploration
Demand to software
• Open ended problem-solving orientated
• Developmental approproiate practice
• Strong relation to play
Liang &Johnsen (1999)
Tool programmes – simple word processing =
most playful
Learning type and effect
Teacher controlled - Computer program controlled
90%
10 %
10%
90%
Child controlled = Playful learning
Play - Creativity
• Divergent intelligence (Guilford 1950)
• Idea richness, flexibility, originality,
fluency, flow, open, intuitive, experiment,
problem solving, entrepreneurship, playful,
humourous, artistic (Cropley 1970)
• New creativity wave. (Csikszentmihalyi
1996, 2000). Reaction against convergent
international testing.
Europe need creative humans!
UK. 330 000 children:
• Nurturing imagination, independence,
tolerance for ambiguity and risk, openness
(Creative Partnership 2005)
• High correlation Arts quality - PISA scores
(Bamford 2006)
• Creative processes for educational change
(Hargreaves & Shirley 2009)
Playful computer writing
• No ”right answer”
• Children’s creativity in pairs
• Discuss, produce, communicate billions of
multimodal drawings/verbal texts
(Kress 1997, 2003)
• Letter strings, wordbooks, storiesfiction/faction/factual prose
Earlier research - ERIC (2000)
Computers, primary school 20 000 hits
+ writing
115
+ 5-7 year olds
20
”Writing to Read” by computer 15
The child as consumer = totally dominating
The child as producer, the playlearner = non-existent
Student as
producer
Classroom
organisation
and computer
placement
Meriusvan School,
Espoo-Finland
Oppettaja 40/08
Talking <-> Listening
I
I
Writing -> Reading
Producer
Consumer
Why stand?
•
•
•
•
•
Spare the back
Sit too much in school
Spare chairs
Without chairs - spare space
Easier to change position in the pair
24 students – work corners - 2 PC
Colour codes
Orally expression/discussion
Pair: talking <-> listening
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Page 7
Poem
The Magical
Space Door
8 lines
How many words?
Handmade: 12
Computer: 46
Finnish Comparison:
Boy grade 1. (40 min)
Handwriting: 10 words
Computer: 90 words!
Bilingual computer writing
Arab
->
Norwegian
Fatmi & Jad
We went a trip to Hersleb school and to Tøyen school
Lakkegata. Then we went back to our school and ate
cheese sandwiches and drink milk.
Replication: Writing test. Grade 2
2004
(7 year olds)
Meaning,
Time relation,
Global structure,
Text binding,
Sentence structure
Word wariation
Creativity
Spelling
Text length - letters
No PC
-
Seldom
-
Every day
Other research
• Goldberg (2003) 26 writing studies 19922002: PC student write longer, better,
more cooperative, social, motivated
• Alant m. fl. (2003) Same results (Norway)
• Kulik (2003) 12 PC writing projekt after
1990 gave moderate better test score
• Folkesson (2005) PC class better writingand reading results (Sweden)
• Kochan 1986-2005(Germany)
Visible learning Hattie 2009
800 meta-analyses. Reading
Reading 46 – Writing 5
Computer based instruction
What is effective? pp. 222-226
• Diversity of teaching strategies
• Teacher pre-training in learning tools
• Multiple opportunities of learning
• The student in control – not the teacher
(ex. word- processing (Bangert-Drowns1993,
Goldberg, Russel & Cook 2003, Torgerson and
Elbourne 2002)
• Peer learning is optimized
• Feedback is optimized
Reading dominance -> Literacy?
Google Scholar 2010
•
•
•
•
Read and Write
270 000 hits
Write and Read
30500
Writing to Read
1100
W T R. + Computer
560
• Literacy+Prim.School 61000 NB!
From Reading-and writing
to
Writing to Read
Reading = Decoding x Understanding
Writing/Reading of meaningsful texts=
Understanding x coding x decoding
Writing to Read R&D Nordic Countries
Playful computer writing.
Doctor
2 started
Master
20-30
Bachelor (15 sp)
100-150?
Started: 500-1000
Courses: 20 000
Future research possibilities?
Play research, computer science, education, special education, psychology,
linguistic, literature, anthropology, didactics in different school subjects etc.
Some rough ideas:
Will computer writing also in Grade 5-8 give better results than hand writing?
Playwriting - emergent literacy 1-5 year olds by computer
Role play, drama, physichal activities- computer writing
Comparative studies: Differences in development Norway, Sweden, Finland,
Estonia, Czeckia, Polen, Portugal, Kurdish children in Sweden - Kurdistan?
Foreign language learning? Arab->Norwegian, Finnish->English…
What are the conditions for implementation in a school, community, a country?
Quite opposite handwriting computer writing with both hands on the key board
send signals to both brain halves. What effect on the electronic brain patterns,
thinking and language learning?
What are the effects of computer writing on ADHD children, deaf children, blind
children, motor invalid children, socio-emotional problems …?
Will Portugal and other countries join us in EU research?
International EU research?
Compare cultural differences in
Writing to Read. Playful computer writing
for 6-9 year olds in 6-8 countries:
- Finland (and Åland)
- Estonia
- Sweden
- Norway
- Czeckia
-Latvia
- Polen?
- Portugal
- other countries?
ICT in learning. Stord/Haugesund University College
www.hsh.no/master
Research projects 2007-2010 financed of The Norwegian Research Council
Knut Steinar Engelsen <[email protected]>
Reflection based portefolios as a tool for development of
evaluation competency among teachers and teacher students
2007-2010 (700 000 euro)
Knut Steinar Engelsen <[email protected]>
ICT in preschool 2007-2010
Studies of computer games for 2-6 year olds. ICT in special
education in preschool (700 000 Euro)
Lars Vavik <[email protected]>
Education, Curricula & Technology 2007-2010
Collaboration with University of Haifa, Israel. University of Illinois,
USA ( 800 000 euro)