Transcript スライド 1

Appendix
Roadmaps Proposed by WGs and
Points to be in Minds
Manufacturing
1
Low-Carbon Manufacturing Sector – Roadmap (1)
1990
Objectives
◆Becoming a "smart" low-carbon
manufacturing country
2005 2010
2012
2015
2020
2030
2050
Infrastructure development to realize a low-carbon manufacturing sector
Energy consumption: -30% to -40% from current level
Establishing a system of cooperation among stakeholders
National/international expansion of low-carbon business
Continuous efforts to make each manufacturing process a low-carbon one
Fostering and creating personnel and places for low-carbon technology, infrastructure and business development
◆Fostering personnel who contribute
to low-carbon technology development
Incentives for low-carbon manufacturing technology
Improving school education/on-the-job training to foster technicians
Establishing educational institutes for low-carbon
technology researchers/technicians
Fostering researchers/technicians who support low-carbon manufacturing and taking over existing skills/technologies
Accepting low-carbon technology researchers/technicians/foreign students (Carbon Passport, etc.)
◆Fostering personnel who contribute
to low-carbon R&D
Giving long-term continuous support for fundamental R&D (focusing on materials and equipment)
Supporting the development of materials that replace rare metals
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Gathering wisdom for
promotion of low-carbon R&D
Promoting collaborative development w. researchers and businesses nationally/internationally
Field test: investing in field tests
Roadmap
Special low-carbon districts:
Designating prospective cities
Active national/international promotion
Regularly hosting international conferences and
exhibitions
Encouraging Japanese businesses to invest in Japan
Creating an environment that is attractive to foreign businesses
Stimulating the consumption of low-carbon products
◆Fostering low-carbon
Japanese lifestyles and values
Gaining understanding of low-carbon society by improving
education and awareness (Such as "Challenge 25")
◆Improving competitiveness of lowcarbon products
Accumulating wisdom and improving services, such as the
dispatch of analysts
Visualizing CO2 emissions in daily life, such as CO2 emissions for each product
Popularizing "Environmental Concierges"
Fostering low-carbon Japanese lifestyles and values
Promoting image-building strategies of low-carbon, cool Japan (products, usage and lifestyle)
The Carbon Tax
Green procurement by the government
Technology
selection
Program design
Credits for carbon-offsets and purchase of low-carbon products (a system to circulate money within the country)
Developing initial demand and a popularization strategy that takes advantage of market pull
Introducing bi-/ multi-lateral government approval
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to develop measures
Low-Carbon Manufacturing Sector – Roadmap (2)
Objectives
1990
◆Becoming a "smart" low-carbon
manufacturing country
2005
2010
2012
2015
2020
2030
2050
Infrastructure development to realize a low-carbon manufacturing sector
Energy consumption: -30% to-40% from current level
Establishing a system of cooperation among stakeholders
National/international expansion of low-carbon business
Continuous efforts to make each manufacturing process a low-carbon one
Popularizing low-carbon business management and financing
◆Promoting consideration of
climate change in financing/investing
◆ Support through the corporate
taxation system and political finance
Improving reliability and comparability of environmental reports
Improving systems for calculating, reporting and publishing greenhouse gas emissions (incl. reports on
emission/activity by supply chain)
Reviewing information provision items
Proper accounting of
Integration of non-financial reports and financial reports (accountability system that measures
and calculation methods
Educational program for persons in
the environmental management of a company)
carbon debt
charge of environmental financing
Information provision on guidelines for
low-carbon financing of public funds,
incl. pensions
Supporting investment in installations that reduce environmental load (incl. through corporate tax reductions, elastic depreciation, and
subsidies for interest/leasing fees)
Development of fund management
evaluation
Continuing the “top-runner” system
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◆Supporting the development and
market penetration of low-carbon
products/business
Fund management based on long-term assessment
Promoting early achievement of targets by combination of min. criteria/recommended criteria and "sunset system"
Supporting systems for low-carbon venture businesses and business matching
Recognizing excellent products and
Establishing/awarding economic incentives for excellent products/businesses
businesses
Thorough non-fluorocarbon promotion (promoting the collection of fluorocarbon refrigerants, implementing fluorocarbon mitigation measures, accelerating market penetration of
non-fluorocarbon products)
Roadmap
System design/technology selection
Thorough green procurement by government
R&D, production control, quality management, inventory cycle management, ICT use-promotion for equipment and social systems
◆ Sharing wisdom for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions
Supporting CO2 reduction by using emissions reduction guidelines and introducing credits for the purchase of low-carbon products
Fostering personnel for environmental management diagnosis
(advisors)
Designing system for
diagnosis technicians
◆Evaluating carbon reductions
Operating a system for the dispatch of environmental management diagnostic technicians (advisors)
Domestic CO2 emissions trading by cap-and-trade
System design/technology selection
Introducing credits for carbon-offset and purchase of low-carbon products (a system to circulate funds within the country)
International strategic development of low-carbon technology
◆Strategic involvement in establishing
international standards/rules
◆Supporting international penetration
of Japan's technology
Establishing international negotiation organizations/fostering full-time
specialists
Continuous diplomatic efforts to introduce fair international
standards/rules
Mutual accreditation of environmental management systems for small
and mid-sized businesses
Supporting green ODA and the penetration of
Selecting prospective technology
low-carbon Japanese technology
Fostering specialists in management technology, implementing measures to retain personnel w. technological skills, talent and knowledge, implementing measures to maintain technological
skills and provide financial support to establish overseas business
Making the most of Japanese technology and expertise for emissions reduction/international contribution by widespread use of non-fluorocarbon products
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to develop measures
Points to Keep in Mind in Designing
a Roadmap for the Manufacturing Sector
Manufacturing WG
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•
In implementing the roadmap proposed here, it is important to fully verify the effectiveness and feasibility
of individual policies. In addition, it is vital to design a roadmap that sufficiently considers the conditions
of each industry and the state of global competition.
•
To realize a “smart low-carbon manufacturing nation,” continuous efforts and corporation are required not
only on the part of the central government but also on the part of private firms, consumers and local
governments. This will be a great challenge.
•
In consideration of Japan’s financial situation, it should be noted that governmental subsidies and tax breaks
will be limited. Sound business management is essential for the growth of the manufacturing sector, and it is
important to build a system that encourages self-sustaining growth by undertaking systemic reforms.
•
Study for this sector has been conducted to find ways to achieve growth in a low-carbon society strictly from
the viewpoint of “manufacturing,” and it should be noted that implementation of the proposed roadmap for
the manufacturing sector alone cannot solve all of Japan’s economic issues (employment, economic growth,
etc.). The country’s growth strategy needs to be studied comprehensively, together with that of the service
industry, which accounts for 70% of employment.
•
In addition, the roadmap has been studied in view of the manufacturing sector’s current conditions, and any
changes in this sector’s conditions are likely to also change the strategy to be taken. It is desirable to
regularly assess and review progress while closely observing global trends.
Housing/Buildings
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Daily Life (Housing/Buildings) - Roadmap (Housing/Residential Sector)
1990
2012
2010
2015
Existing buildings:
promoting energy-saving renovations
New buildings:
1999 standard: 85%
Objectives
Photovoltaic power generation: 1.15 mil. kW
Solar hot water supply system: 3.4 mil. unit
New buildings:
1999 standard &
mandatory standard: 50%
recommended criteria: 50%
2020
New buildings:
recommended criteria: 15%
2030
New buildings:
Zero emission: 100%
2050
Zero emission
Stock: 100%
Photovoltaic power generation: 25.00 mil. kW
Solar hot water supply system: 1.96 mil. unit
Renovation: 1%/year
Improving building energy-saving performance
◆ Establishing comprehensive primary 1993 standard 1999 standard
environmental performance criteria
◆ Obligating information provision
on primary environmental
performance
Mandatory standard/Recommended criteria
Zero emission standard (mandatory energy generation)
Reducing lifecycle CO2 emission
Building primary environmental performance labeling system
Widespread use of a Comprehensive Assessment System for
Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE)
Consideration of passive
New buildings:
When signing tenant contract
Mandatory information
Mandatory information
provision
provision
System to be incorporated into property value
Residential “top-runner” system
◆Introducing regulations
(Mandatory adoption of primary
performance criteria)
High-efficiency air-conditioning, energy creating devices
(sunlight/solar heat, ground heat, biomass etc.)
◆”Top runner” devices
Lighting/devices
Existing buildings:
Mandatory information
provision when selling
Area-wide use of energy (incl. incentives, deregulation, smart grids)
Mandatory obligation
Mandatory obligation to comply with energy
of energy saving
saving standard when building a new house
standard when
building a new house
1999: mandatory of next generation criteria or
mandatory standard when building a new housing
Reviewing the "intensity method"
(such as total amount criteria by device)
Device “top-runner” system (Continuous revision of criteria)
CAFE (Avg. efficiency of a company)
Standardization
Supporting popularization of energy saving housing/zero emissions buildings
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◆Economic support
Subsidy for zero
emission buildings
Subsidy package for energy saving
Subsidies (new /renovated)
Accelerated market diffusion of
zero emission buildings
Roadmap
Supporting distribution/installation businesses
Incentive interest rate
Establishing support incl. tax incentives and favorable financing
Disincentive for high energy
consumption housing
Feed-in tariff purchasing price system for photovoltaic power generation
◆Supporting skills/engineering
capacity of small/medium-size
building businesses
Municipal support for
regional construction
businesses
Subsidy for zero emission
buildings
Hosting educational meetings, study meetings, etc.
Regional model program for energy saving buildings
School /public office
buildings
Promoting market penetration of devices by converting public buildings into energy-saving/zero emission one
◆Overseas development
Overseas development of zero emission housing/building
Visualizing performance of commercial sector, and promoting CO2 emission reduction activities
◆Promoting CO2 emissions
reduction schemes by businesses
Mandatory obligation of emission reduction planning
The Carbon Tax
Using guideline for emission control
◆Understanding CO2 emissions
reduction achievements through
monitoring
◆Providing data to promote CO2
emissions reduction
Evaluation of visualization
Standardization of
device installation
Domestic CO2 emissions trading system
Introducing monitoring, evaluating and controlling system (incl. BEMS) [Every business understands its CO2 emissions]
Widespread use of visualization devices
Accelerated market
diffusion
Advanced management (incl. BEMS, ESCO and commissioning)
Fulfillment of calculation/report system (incl. expansion of subjects to calculation and data made available)
Low-carbon lifestyle (incl. global warming measure training, life-long environmental education, daylight saving)
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to prepare measures
Daily Life (Housing/Buildings) - Roadmap (Building/Commercial Sector)
1990
2012
2010
2015
Existing buildings:
promoting energy-saving renovations
New buildings:
1999 standard: 85%
Objectives
Photovoltaic power generation: 1.15 mil. kW
Solar hot water supply system: 3.4 mil. unit
New buildings:
1999 standard &
mandatory standard: 50%
recommended criteria: 50%
2020
New buildings:
recommended criteria: 15%
2030
New buildings:
Zero emission: 100%
2050
Zero emission
Stock: 100%
Photovoltaic power generation: 25.00 mil. kW
Solar hot water supply system: 1.96 mil. unit
Renovation: 1%/year
Improving building energy-saving performance
◆ Establishing comprehensive primary 1993 standard 1999 standard
environmental performance criteria
◆ Obligating information provision
on primary environmental
performance
Zero emission standard (mandatory energy generation)
Reducing lifecycle CO2 emission
Building primary environmental performance labeling system
Widespread use of a Comprehensive Assessment System for
Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE)
Consideration of passive
New buildings:
When signing tenant contract
Mandatory information
Mandatory information
provision
provision
System to be incorporated into property value
Residential “top-runner” system
◆Introducing regulations
(Mandatory adoption of primary
performance criteria)
◆”Top runner” devices
Mandatory standard/Recommended criteria
High-efficiency air-conditioning, energy creating devices
(sunlight/solar heat, ground heat, biomass etc.)
Lighting/devices
Existing buildings:
Mandatory information
provision when selling
Area-wide use of energy (incl. incentives, deregulation, smart grids)
Mandatory obligation
Mandatory obligation to comply with energy
of energy saving
saving standard when building a new house
standard when
building a new house
1999: mandatory of next generation criteria or
mandatory standard when building a new housing
Reviewing the "intensity method"
(such as total amount criteria by device)
Device “top-runner” system (Continuous revision of criteria)
CAFE (Avg. efficiency of a company)
Standardization
Supporting popularization of energy saving housing/zero emissions buildings
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◆Economic support
Subsidy for zero
emission buildings
Subsidy package for energy saving
Subsidies (new /renovated)
Accelerated market diffusion of
zero emission buildings
Roadmap
Supporting distribution/installation businesses
Incentive interest rate
Establishing support incl. tax incentives and favorable financing
Disincentive for high energy
consumption housing
Feed-in tariff purchasing price system for photovoltaic power generation
◆Supporting skills/engineering
capacity of small/medium-size
building businesses
Municipal support for
regional construction
businesses
Subsidy for zero emission
buildings
Hosting educational meetings, study meetings, etc.
Regional model program for energy saving buildings
School /public office
buildings
Promoting market penetration of devices by converting public buildings into energy-saving/zero emission one
◆Overseas development
Overseas development of zero emission housing/building
Visualizing performance of commercial sector, and promoting CO2 emission reduction activities
◆Promoting CO2 emissions
reduction schemes by businesses
Mandatory obligation of emission reduction planning
The Carbon Tax
Using guideline for emission control
◆Understanding CO2 emissions
reduction achievements through
monitoring
◆Providing data to promote CO2
emissions reduction
Evaluation of visualization
Standardization of
device installation
Domestic CO2 emissions trading system
Introducing monitoring, evaluating and controlling system (incl. BEMS) [Every business understands its CO2 emissions]
Widespread use of visualization devices
Accelerated market
diffusion
Advanced management (incl. BEMS, ESCO and commissioning)
Fulfillment of calculation/report system (incl. expansion of subjects to calculation and data made available)
Low-carbon lifestyle (incl. global warming measure training, life-long environmental education, daylight saving)
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to prepare measures
Points to Keep in Mind in Taking Measures
１．Need for early action
Housing/Buildings WG 1/3
a: Houses and buildings are used for many years. Various measures and policies need to be enforced as soon as possible in order to
achieve long-term targets.
b: For the realization of zero-emission houses and buildings, it is important to strongly promote houses and buildings that have high
environmental performance and are regarded as complying with “recommended standards.”
２．Amount of measures introduced, and intensity of policy enforcement
a: An image has been made of the extent and degree of measures and the intensity of policy enforcement, and this image has been
used to specify the scale of tasks and the need for action towards achieving the targets.
b: Each point needs further review.
３．Arrangement of a system for the stable supply of energy-saving equipment and machinery
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a: To achieve mid-term targets, energy-saving equipment and machinery need to achieve rapid diffusion. It is important to pay
attention to the establishment of various systems that will ensure a stable supply of energy-saving equipment and machinery.
４．Importance of altering lifestyles
a: Measures for the housing and building sector need to be taken in cooperation with the public.
b: It is important to have the viewpoint that each individual should do what he or she can do in a comfortable manner; thus, incentives
need to be presented to encourage the public to shift to low-carbon lifestyles by starting their efforts on something easy.
５．Problems with systems, etc.
a: There are systems that could be obstacles in promoting a low-carbon society. Some of these systems need to be reviewed to
promote such a society while paying attention to the balance between safety, health and the like.
b: The housing and building sector is short of statistical data on its actual status. Systematic data compilation is required, as is effective
use of existing information.
Points to Keep in Mind in Taking Measures (Issues involved in formulating systems)
System and Framework
Outline
Housing/Buildings WG 2/3
１．Housing Sector
(1) Electricity contracts for the use of solar power
A: Electricity selling price for housing complex set at the same level as individual housing (eliminating
the situation where a housing complex is regarded as subject to an electricity contract for
industrial use)
B: Terms for the sale of electricity by tenants of rental housing (for example, having the terms of
contract made at the time of installation of solar power systems continue to be valid after the
change of tenants)
(2) Inadequate information disclosure and statistical
information use
A: Use of information from smart meters for public purposes (establishing benchmark values)
(3) Regulations on the drainage of household
wastewater
A:Use of storm sewers for draining water from latent-heat-recovery water heaters
B: Review of standards based on decisions made by the managers of public sewerage systems
２．Building Sector
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(1) Standards for the indoor environment of
buildings
(2) Inadequate information disclosure and statistical
information use
A: Easing of lighting standards whose minimum value is relatively high compared to Western countries
B: Examining indoor air standards such as humidity and CO2 levels (considering the balance between
maintaining adequate indoor environment and energy saving)
A: Use of information from smart meters for public purposes
B: Use of data reported in accordance with Act on the Rational Use of Energy for public purposes
(establishing benchmark values)
(3) Issues related to achieving a balance between
energy savings and indoor environmental
standards including those in the Act on
Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings
A: Responses such as making adjustments in accordance with actual usage in the case of rooms with
few people present, since the ventilation turnover may be too high
(4) Shared incentives for energy cost reduction
A: Owner and tenants jointly bearing the cost of energy consumed beyond a certain level
３．Common Problem
(1) Limited availability of various new housing
construction subsidies for the purpose of
alleviating environmental burdens
A: Various subsidies are available for new construction, but in the case of subsidies that are not aimed
at making houses or buildings eco-friendly, they may be difficult to use for new construction that
includes eco-equipment.
B: Review of all subsidies to include eco-friendly design as one of the application purposes
Points to Keep in Mind in Taking Measures (Re: Non-energy Benefits)
① Not only can residents benefit from reductions in electricity and heating
(EBs), but they can also enjoy NEBs.
② Stakeholders other than residents (i.e., residential suppliers,
governments) enjoy NEBs.
Housing/Buildings WG 3/3
Example of EB and NEB by insulation improvement.
EB/NEB
Stakeholder
10
1. Residents
2. Housing suppliers
3. Government/ society
Benefit by energy saving
(EB: energy benefit)
Other benefits
(NEB: non-energy benefit)
(+: benefit; -: loss or cost increase)
+ Health
+Comfort
+ Soundproofing
+ Safety
+ Electricity/heating cost reduction
+ Maintenance cost reduction
+ Intelligent production
- Housing/renovation cost increase
+ Value added to residence/building
- Increase in energy needed for construction + CSR (social contribution)
- Construction cost increase
+ Contribution to environmental policy promotion
+ Residents’ awareness of environmental policy
+ Decreases in fossil fuel imports
+ Industrial revitalization
+ CO2 emissions reductions
+ Job increase
+ Ripple effects (economic)
Source: Shuzo Murakami, “Recommendation of Healthy, Energy-Saving Housing - Economic Benefits from Thermal Environment Realized by
Improved Insulation,” Association for Assembly Persons for Promoting Healthy Energy-Saving Housing”
Automobile / Transportation
11
Automobile Sector - Roadmap
1990
2010
2015
2012
2020
2030
2050
Improving fuel economy of cars by 65%
(sales of next-generation vehicles:
250 mil. cars)
Objectives
Making next-generation vehicles available in any type
(most new cars are next-generation vehicles).
Measures for each vehicle (dissemination of next-generation vehicles, fuel economy improvements to conventional vehicles)
○Common programs
◆Operation of auto-related
taxation scheme
A fine-tuned system that provides tax incentives according to the car's environmental load
2015: Early achievement of fuel economy standards
Steps
2020: Establishment of fuel economy
standards
2020:
Early achievement of fuel economy standards
◆Fuel economy standards
Development of a general-purpose kinetic energy recovery
system for energy regeneration and exhaust heat energy use
◆Supporting cross-sectoral
technology development
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Roadmap
○Low-carbon automobiles
◆Market penetration of hybrid
vehicles, electric vehicles
◆Development and market
penetration of fuel cell vehicles
Supporting development of high-performance cells/next-generation cells
Supporting purchases
Establishment of related
business models for
widespread secondary use
of batteries, battery
replacement-type EV taxis,
etc.
○Low-carbon mid-size/large
automobiles
◆Market penetration of green
diesel vehicles
◆ NGV/HV/FCV development and
popularization for mid-size/large
vehicles
○Developing low-carbon special
vehicles
◆Market penetration of hybrid
off-road vehicles
Accelerated market diffusion
Improving the power supply network
Market introduction of FCV
Technological development, education, field testing, field infrastructure testing
CO2 budget and economic evaluation
Supporting leasing and purchasing
Developing hydrogen stations
Accelerated market
diffusion
Popularization of large
hybrid trucks
Post new long-term regulations/challenging targets
Subsidy for introducing a business vehicle
Developing mid-distance vehicles
Supporting purchases of urban vehicles
Supporting purchases
Accelerated market diffusion
Low-interest loans
Low-carbon fuels
◆Increasing the share of biofuel use
◆Promoting the use of natural gas
Developing production technology
Promoting the establishment of a supply/distribution system
Starting accreditation of E10-compatible vehicles
Developing E10compatiblestandards
Increasing NGV fuel stations
Low-carbon use of vehicles (eco-driving, car sharing)
◆Changing use awareness
Organizing educational activities on low-carbon driving (fostering eco-driving habits and an awareness of avoiding unnecessary vehicle use)
◆Promoting eco-driving
Supporting the introduction of eco-driving
support devices
Introducing
eco-driving benchmarking
◆Promoting car sharing
Establishing business models
that motivate eco-driving
Making devices w. eco-driving mode and
for idling reduction as standard features
Providing incentives
for eco-driving
Supporting pervasion of EV car sharing
Furthering corporation w. public facilities and public transportation systems
Traffic flow measures
(Examined by the Local Development WG)
FY 2011 Using funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to prepare measures
Points to Keep in Mind in Designing
a Roadmap for the Automobile Sector
•
Automobile WG 1/3
International competition over next-generation vehicles is intensifying, and since Japan leads the world in hybrid cars, electric cars and
other next-generation vehicles, it is important to provide various support policies in order to maintain the country’s competitiveness in
the development and distribution of such vehicles.
•
International markets are diversifying; thus, policies need to be promoted not only for next-generation vehicles but also for fuel
efficiency improvement of conventional cars from the viewpoint of securing competitiveness.
•
Policies for both the supply side (support for R&D, fuel efficiency regulations, etc.) and the demand side (subsidies, tax systems,
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dissemination and public awareness raising, etc.) are to be enforced comprehensively, aiming at a low-carbon automobile sector.
•
To achieve introduction targets under the scenarios proposed in this report (15%-25% reduction), there are issues to be solved,
including how to boost consumer willingness to buy automobiles with excellent environmental performance, such as next-generation
vehicles, how to ease or eliminate the risk involved in hefty investment in the development and production of next-generation vehicles,
etc., and how to facilitate the practical use of technologies undergoing development. It should be noted that the resolution of the
above issues is the prerequisite for achieving the targets.
Points to Keep in Mind in Designing
a Roadmap for the Automobile Sector
Housing/Buildings WG 2/3
•
For buses and trucks, exhaust gas regulations with a challenging NOx reduction target are scheduled to be applied by the end of 2016;
thus, the task of improving fuel efficiency while meeting the regulations needs to be fulfilled.
•
The diffusion of next-generation vehicles and the fuel efficiency improvement of conventional vehicles are an important combination
of measures for each car. It is important that both measures be combined in accordance with each manufacturer’s fuel efficiency
improvement strategy.
•
In addition to the improvement of each car’s fuel efficiency, it is important to comprehensively promote measures to alter driving
behavior, such as those that promote eco-driving and those related to traffic flow, while actively using advanced ITS technology to
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•
facilitate the fuel efficiency improvement of actual driving.
In urban areas, measures such as car sharing that reduce car use are also effective. For these to be effective, they should be promoted
along with urban planning policies. On the other hand, in rural areas, based on the assumption that cars are frequently used, it is
important to facilitate low-carbon car use by taking measures that motivate drivers to engage in eco-driving.
•
For the diffusion of next-generation vehicles such as electric cars that require expensive, high-performance batteries, it is important to
develop cars that put less load on the battery and to facilitate the promotion of battery performance improvement and cost reduction
by establishing and developing business models related to battery utilization, such as secondary use and leasing of batteries or taxis
with replaceable batteries.
•
Equally important measures for CO2 reduction in the automobile sector are those related to traffic flow and logistics, such as the
improvement of freight transportation efficiency, which are subject to study in the Local Development WG, and it is vital for the whole
automobile sector to vigorously take action by combining these measures with others mentioned before.
Railway, Ship, Air Transportation Sector - Roadmap
1990
2010
2015
2012
2030
2020
2050
Launching zero-emission ships
Objectives
Developing energy-saving rail carriages and highfuel-efficiency ships/airplanes, and replacing
conventional rail carriages, ships and airplanes.
Low-carbon railway sector
◆Energy saving (electric/diesel)
carriages
Share of airplane biofuel use: 100%
Continuous support for R&D and overseas sales of innovative energy-saving technologies and their application
Promoting energy saving rail carriages (introduction of tax incentives)
◆Measures taken by power
suppliers
(Examined by the Energy Supply WG)
◆Promoting modal shift
(Examined by the Local Development WG)
Low-carbon ship transport sector
Continuous support for R&D and overseas sales of innovative energy-saving technologies and their use
◆Developing and disseminating
high-fuel-efficiency ships
Establishing fuel economy standards
Promoting replacement by high-fuel-efficiency ships (incl. tax incentives)
Roadmap
15
◆Improving the efficiency of
operation systems
◆Using alternative energy
Supporting energy-saving operation practices of ships (incl. crew education, introduction of operation management systems, coordination w. shippers and port businesses)
Continuous support of R&D for alternative energy use technology
Continuous support for the introduction of alternative energy (incl. tax incentives)
◆Establishing and disseminating
shore-to-ship power supply
systems
◆Promoting modal shift
Promoting the introduction of shore-to-ship power supply systems (expanding the development of power transmission facilities
and promoting the introduction of power receiving system on ships)
(Examined by the Local Development WG)
Low-carbon air transport sector
◆Development and dissemination
of high-fuel-efficiency airplanes
Continuous support for R&D and overseas sales of innovative energy-saving airplanes
◇ Establishing fuel economy standards
◆Conversion to biofuel
Standardization of jet fuel
(Mixing rate of biofuel: 50%)
Promoting replacement by high-fuel-efficiency ships (incl. tax incentives)
R&D for application of biofuel production technology
Standardization of jet fuel
(Mixing rate of biofuel : 100%)
◆Improving the efficiency of
operation systems
Supporting practices of energy saving operation by optimizing flying routes
◆Development and dissemination
of ground power units
Accelerating the introduction to major airports
FY 2011 Using funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to prepare measures
Supporting purchases of biofuel (tax incentives)
Points to Keep in Mind in Designing a Roadmap
for the Railway, Seaway and Airway Sectors
Automobile WG 3/3
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•
The assessment and review in this report were conducted to identify improvement technologies that are expected to produce
promising outcomes in each sector, and the improvement rates of energy consumption per unit that are established are those
that are considered attainable by combining the above technologies. The introduction rates of energy-saving trains, ships and
aircraft are estimated based on certain assumptions.
•
To achieve each sector’s introduction targets for energy-saving trains, ships and aircraft under the scenarios proposed in this
report (15%-25% reduction), the government needs to provide policy support to businesses that are working toward introducing
energy-saving trains, ships and aircraft. Especially in the seaway sector, since shipbuilding has been at a standstill, resulting in
the rapid aging of existing ships, the enforcement of additional policies is required to promote the construction of energysaving ships as alternatives to old ships.
•
As for the railway sector, since the electrification of trains is making great headway, the realization of low-carbon energy
(electricity) supply on the supply side will be effective as well.
Local Development
<All Regions>
17
Realizing Compact Cities based on Local Development and Public Transportation Systems - Roadmap
1990
Objectives
Passenger vehicle mileage (person
km/year vs. 2005)
2010
2012
2015
2020
±0
2030
2050
30% to 40%
reduction
10% reduction
Strengthening the ability to implement plans through administrative decentralization
◆Supporting program planning by
municipalities, and providing incentives
◆National propagation of best practices
developed under the "special zones"
system
◆Strengthening cooperation with
community development
Improving local global warming action plans (every municipality develops its own plan)
Securing funds by income from the Carbon Tax, etc.
By regional characteristic
Setting benchmarks
Calculating and announcing emissions by municipality
(already done in some municipalities)
Reviewing the system by residents' participation; visualization for smaller unit than "district”
Implementing the regional
model project
Promoting cooperation between the municipality's
environmental and urban planning sections, and
fostering personnel
◆Making the most of local talent
Modifying the system,
reforming regulations
Reviewing and strengthening of local global warming action plans
National propagation of best practices
Strengthening ties with urban planning, assisting in forming consensus, incorporating low-carbon policy into objectives of every local development plan
Supporting local liaison councils
National propagation of best practices
Fostering low-carbon plan practitioners rooted in
the local community
Establishing "residents' participation" type plans that link administration and businesses (incl. financial support)
Community development to create a community that is accessible to pedestrians and cyclists
Roadmap
18
◆ Situating public and private facilities
where many people gather within a
walkable distance
◆ Improving the pedestrian/cycling
environment
Establishing a public facility utilization plan
Enforcing restrictions on establishing businesses on arterial roads in suburbs, and providing incentives for locating in civic cores.
Networking of pedestrian walkways and
cycling roads, and drafting a facility plan
Setting population density targets
◆ Increasing population density in
urban areas
◆ Utilizing low-density areas and
shrinking urbanization promotion
areas
Relocating public facilities to civic cores
Promoting relocation of residents in a station influenced sphere
DID pop. density: Supporting and promoting businesses and residential relocation
40 to 60 people/ha
Visualization of the advantages of being a compact city
Introducing sunlight and solar heat utilization by combining open lots and relocation
Modal share of public
transportation double that
of today
Active use of LRT, BRT, etc.
◆Development of LRT, BRT
Establishing an
extension plan
Early construction on extensions of existing routes/planned routes, introduction of BRT
Examination of development/operation systems
◆Promoting the use and efficiency
improvement of existing public
transport systems
◆Improving transit and access
at suburban stations
Cycling lanes
50 thou. km
Developing pedestrian/cycling spaces
Financing the construction of new routes
(Trip share base in
a local city sphere)
Public cost bearing of operation expenses for increasing services, reducing fares
Population density in
station influenced
sphere: 80 people/ha
DID pop. density:
60 to 80 people/ha
Reviewing zoning of
urbanization promotion areas
(especially for local core
cities)
Extension of
LRT/BRT: 1,500 km
(incl. cities that already have systems)
Replacing high-efficiency rail carriages, supporting financing for construction of new stations
Establishing transit/access in and around stations
Increasing ridership by improving the transit system at suburban stations, improving P&R/C&R facilities, introducing a transit discount system
Promoting the use of public transportation systems by residents' participation
◆ Construction of public transportation
systems from the users' perspective
Mobility management to encourage
the use of public transportation
Establishing a mobility management system
Supporting activities of community development association of transportation service
Providers (public/private) and residents
Introducing ridership promotion measures incl. public
transport eco-points, road toll systems incorporating
model shift effect, residence funding
Establishing a road space sharing plan
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to prepare measures
Development of fringe parking
Comprehensive pricing in view of environment, incl. EV, priority
lanes, LRT and greening
Restricting vehicle access to city centers
Local Development/ Development of Low-Carbon District by Utilizing Local Resources - Roadmap
2050
1990
2010
2012
Rate of municipalities that have drafted a natural capital/local resource map (all municipalities)
Target
2015
2020
50%
100%
2030
Area where measures are taken based on the low-carbon district plan
20 thou. ha
200 thou. ha
40 thou. ha
Strengthening the ability to implement plans through administrative decentralization
◆Supporting program planning by
municipalities, and providing incentives
◆Nationally propagating the best
practices developed under the
"special zones" system
◆Strengthening cooperation with
local development
◆Making the most of local talent
Improving local global warming action plans (every municipality develops its own plan)
Promoting cooperation between the
Strengthening ties with urban planning, assisting in forming consensus, incorporating low-carbon policy into objectives of every local development plan
municipality's environmental and urban
planning sections, and fostering personnel
Promoting energy resources in the district
◆Developing a low-carbon district
that makes the most of local resources
Securing funds by income from the Carbon Tax, etc.
(Cooperation w. agricultural and
mountain villages incl. carbon
Promoting the establishment of subordinate plans suited to the features of the region, i.e., urban area, district/area, agricultural and mountain village offset, green electricity )
Creating a natural capital/local resource demand map
Regular review of maps/plans in response to the social situation
and technology development
Drafting a low-carbon district plan
Understating the effect of a model project for a low-carbon district development plan
(incl. a space reorganization plan in a shrinking district)
Roadmap
19
Mandatory introduction
Strengthening incentives
Max. introduction of renewable energy to a district (incl. sunlight, solar heat, ground heat, micro-hydroelectric power generation, biomass)
Visualization of the advantages of
Introducing sunlight and solar thermal utilization by combining open lots and consolidation
of being a compact city
Expanding the area where energy is flexibly given/taken among buildings
Max. utilization of urban waste heat
◆Effective use of urban waste heat
Municipal support for
drafting a supply plan
by municipality
Supporting investment in incineration plants
Reduction rate of waste heat
Reduction: 1 mil. t-CO2
Financing installation of new heat supply main pipes
Promoting technology to utilize urban waste heat (incl. ground heat, sewer heat)
◆Organizing systems to make the
most of urban waste heat
Mandatory introduction of
use of urban waste heat
Setting reduction target by district
Examination through a model project
◆Relocating incineration plants
to utilize urban waste heat
Designation of a promotion district for
urban waste heat use
Introducing the heat supply system of best effort type
Introducing incentives to promote development in the promotion district
Relocation of incineration plants to utilize urban waste heat
Utilization and regeneration of urban/regional natural capital
◆ Utilizing/regenerating natural
capital
◆ City planning based on climate
change
Municipal
utilization/regeneration plan
Developing a method to asses
urban climate change
Supporting financing of municipalities for regeneration project of natural capital
Promoting greening by reallocating urban spaces resulting from decrease in parking
Clarifying future images in city planning and controlling construction
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to prepare measures
Reduction rate of waste heat
Reduction: 7 mil. t-CO2
Low-Carbon Local Development, and Physical Distribution and Regional Passenger Transport - Roadmap
1990
Target
Modal splits of vehicles for
passenger and freight transport
2010
2012
2015
2020
about 60%
2030
50-60%
2050
40-50%
Low-carbon physical distribution
◆Establishing principal policies and
strategies
◆ Visualizing CO2 emissions and
providing incentives
◆Improving efficiency of physical
distribution by SCM*1
Establishing a basic policy for low carbon in regional planning
Strengthening support for modal shift under the Act for Comprehensive Efficiency Improvement of Physical Distribution
Setting transportation fees that reflect CO2 emissions
Visualizing CO2 emissions for each mode of transportation
Developing a system whereby a shipper can chose a shipping method with lower CO2 emissions
Awarding system for shipping/transportation businesses
Supporting SCM business development in which small/mid-sized businesses may participate
Establishing SCM information standards
Dissemination of SCM to integrate distribution networks and consolidate freight
◆Improving efficiency of physical
distribution within a city
◆Strengthening transportation of the
main distribution network
Supporting the promotion of urban traffic measures incl. those
for loading/unloading facilities
Reducing transport distance by reviewing locations of physical distribution facilities and shrinking urbanized areas
Studying methods for long-term improvement of the main distribution network
Reducing fixed property tax for rail carriages and ships; providing subsidies
for replacement of rail carriages/ships
20
Roadmap
Development of inter-modal facilities/modal network as public facilities
Reorganization of main physical distribution network, incl. development of new routes
◆Improving efficiency of transportation
systems (air, ship, rail, road)
Continuous implementation and scope-expansion of "top-runner" system
Low-carbon inter-regional passenger transportation
◆Visualizing CO2 emission and
providing incentives
Supporting development of carbon offset
tourism/overnight business trips
Introducing a public transportation eco-points system
Visualizing CO2 emissions of each mode of transportation
◆Improving convenience of railroads
Mandatory calculation and announcement of CO2 emissions of business travel
Improving convenience of railroads (high-speed rail, increased transport capacity, punctuality, seamless transit w.
other modes, redevelopment of station vicinities, wireless Internet access in every passenger carriage)
◆Improving efficiency of transportation
systems (air, ship, rail, road)
Continuous implementation and scope-expansion of "top-runner" system
Energy saving, low-carbon lifestyle and work style
◆Visualizing CO2 emissions and
promoting changes in user traffic
behavior
Visualizing CO2 emissions for each mode of transportation
Changing consumer behavior through use of carbon footprint
Increasing incentives for selecting low-carbon transportation modes through introduction of the carbon tax
Amending the Energy-Saving Act to increase
obligations and to expand its scope
Introducing the qualification of professional advisor, providing continuous environmental education in regions/at businesses
*1：SCM (supply chain management): a strategic business management method to achieve optimization of entire business processes by sharing/managing information on product supply among related businesses/sections of a company
Strengthening aforementioned measures/programs by making the most of income from the Carbon Tax (enforcement: FY 2011), and domestic CO2 emissions trading by cap and-trade)
Program to promote measures
Program to prepare measures
Example of a Roadmap of Local Core Cities (Realizing Compact Cities Based on Public Transportation Systems (1)
1990
Objectives
Passenger vehicle mileage (personkm/year vs. 2005)
2010
2012
2015
2020
±0
2030
2050
30% to 40% reduction
10% reduction
Establishing comprehensive regional low-carbon implementation plan
◆Establishing a long-term reduction
plan and incorporating it into the
master plan
District global warming measures
Establishing implementation plan
Reviewing of
implementation plan for
the district global warming
measures
Visualization of the advantages
of being a compact city
Reviewing designation
of urbanization
promotion areas
Specifying cores
Population density in the
station influenced sphere:
80 people/ha
Specifying station influence sphere
Changing land use zoning at the core
DID pop. density:
40 to 60 people/ha
Specifying population density/land-use objectives
Specifying structure of
natural capital
21
Establishing city/regional
transportation plan
Roadmap
DID pop. density:
60 to 80 people/ha
Natural capital utilization plan
Traffic restriction implementation plan for CBD
Compiling/Revising manuals for establishing district implementation plan
Improving low-carbon measures in the city planning system
Developing low-carbon land use/transportation model, and supporting the use of the model
Community development to create a community that is accessible to pedestrians and cyclists
Securing premises for occupation
◆ Situating public and private facilities
where many people gather within a
walkable distance
Planning relocation of
large public facilities
Relocating large public facilities to cores
Enforcing restrictions on establishing businesses on arterial roads in suburbs, and providing incentives for locating in civic cores.
◆ Increasing population density in
urbanized area
Promoting living in station influenced spheres of
new stations
Promoting the location of businesses and
residences to the existing CBD
Financial assistance to provide incentives
◆ Improving the pedestrian/cycling
environment
Improving pedestrian/cycling spaces at and around existing stations and in urban areas
Networking of pedestrian walkways and
cycling roads, and drafting a facility plan
◆ Utilizing low-density regions and
shrinking urbanization promotion
areas
Visualizing the effects of
establishing a model district
Visualizing the advantages of
being a compact city
In spheres influenced by new stations,
developing pedestrian/cycling spaces
In CBD developing pedestrian/cycling spaces
Combining of small vacant lots/space within an area/district
Providing incentives for large-scale consolidation of vacant lots
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to develop measures
Policy of the national government
Reviewing zoning of
urbanization promotion area
Local Development
<Local Core Cities>
22
Example of a Roadmap (Realizing Compact Cities Based on Public Transportation Systems (2)
1990
Objectives
Passenger vehicle mileage (personkm/year vs. 2005)
2012
2010
2020
2015
±0
2030
2050
30% to 40% reduction
10% reduction
Active use of LRT, BRT, etc.
◆Developing LRT
◆Developing BRT
Establishing development/
management plan
Constructing LRT
Establishing development/
management plan
Constructing BRT
Operation
Extension of LRT/BRT:
Development length
20 km
Operation
Financing LRT/BRT construction
Financing LRT/BRT operation
◆Improving transit and access at
suburban stations
◆Improving integration w. existing
public transportation systems
Establishing transit/access
at and around stations
Increasing ridership by improving the transit system at suburban stations, improving P&R/C&R facilities, introducing a transit discount system
Public cost-bearing of operation expenses for increasing services, reducing fares
23
Supporting financing for replacement by high-efficiency rail carriages
Roadmap
Supporting financing for installation of new stations
◆Establishing of new stations on
existing railroads
Establishing vicinity development plan
for a new station
Construction of a new station
Providing subsidy for operation of
existing railroad
◆ Constructing public transportation
systems from the users' perspective
Mobility management for existing
pubic transportation system
Encouraging use of public transportation for businesses
Supporting activities of community development associations by public transportation
operators, businesses and residents
Promoting public transportation use by residents' funding, eco-points, local currency, etc.
Improving systems for promotion of use by residents
Optimizing vehicle use
◆Restricting vehicle traffic flow into
the CBD
Reviewing locations of parking in urban centers
Implementing measures for securing traffic flow of freight vehicles by developing shared-use loading/unloading spaces
Introducing restrictions on vehicle traffic to designated areas in CBD
Providing incentives for driving license cancellation,
car sharing and freight receiver actions
Expanding vehicle types (such as freight vehicles) subject to restriction of driving into CBD
Expanding CBD subject to traffic restrictions
Establishing a road space sharing plan
In CBD, developing and increasing pedestrian/cycling spaces
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to develop measures
Policy of the national government
Example of a Roadmap of Local Core Cities (Developing Low-Carbon Districts using Local Resources (1)
1990
2010
2012
2015
2020
2030
Share of municipalities that have drafted a natural asset/local resource map (all municipalities)
Target
Area where measures are taken based on the low-carbon area/district plan
Establishing a regional comprehensive low-carbon implementation plan
◆Establishing a long-term reduction
plan and incorporating in into the
master plan
District w. global warming measures
Establishing implementation plan
Reviewing of implementation
plan for the district global
warming measures
【Cooperation w. agricultural and mountain regions through carbon offsets, green power sources】
Reviewing designation of
urbanization promotion areas
Specifying local cores
Specifying structure of
natural capital
Natural capital utilization plan
Compiling/Revising manuals for establishing district
implementation plan
Developing a method to asses urban climate change
◆Establishing a local resources
utilization plan
Improving low-carbon measures in the city planning system
Creating a natural asset/local
resource demand map
Roadmap
24
Designating subject area for measures and
establishing CO2 reduction plan
Expanding area of mandatory introduction
Regular review of maps/plans in response to the social situation
and technological development
Promoting establishment of subordinate programs in response to
the features of each municipality, such as urban area,
area/district and agricultural and mountain region.
Relocation of incineration plants etc.
to utilize urban waste heat
Max. use of urban waste heat (especially in CBD)
◆In CBD, promoting use of waste
energy (i.e., heat of river water)
Designating subject area for measures and
Mandatory introduction
In CBD drafting a low-carbon
area/district plan
Changing land-use zoning in the subject area
Constructing facilities
using river water heat
Identifying natural/historical capital other than
historic sites/parks
Clarifying carbon-reduction effects
Introducing incentives to promote development in the promotion area
Supporting combining energy demand
Drafting business plan
Financing installation of heat supply pipes
◆Organizing systems to make the
most of urban waste heat
Setting reduction target by area/district
Supporting use of waste energy by incentive system
Examination of system modification through
a model project
◆Expanding measures targeting
wide areas
Expanding the area where energy is flexibly given/taken among buildings
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to develop measures
Policy of the national government
2050
Example of a Roadmap of Local Core Cities (Developing a Low-Carbon District using Local Resources (2)
1990
2010
2015
2012
2030
2020
2050
Share of municipalities that have drafted a natural asset/local resource map (all municipalities)
Target
Area where measures are taken based on the low-carbon district plan
Promoting use of the district's energy resources (especially in residential areas, at station-influenced spheres of new stations)
◆Developing a low-carbon
area/district that makes the most
of local resources (residential area)
Drafting a low-carbon
Area/district plan using
sewer heat
Constructing sewer heat utiliz
-ation facilities and developing
a low-carbon area/district
Additional financial support for model projects
Setting CO2 reduction targets and greening targets by area/district
Introducing renewable energy to a region/district (incl. sunlight, solar heat, ground heat, micro-hydroelectric power generation, biomass) and
developing infrastructure for EVs and car sharing
Promoting greening by region/district
25
Roadmap
Promoting energy saving by region/district
◆Developing a low-carbon
area/district that makes the most
of local resources (a station
influenced sphere of new stations)
Drafting a low-carbon area/
district plan using sewer heat
(station-influenced spheres of
new stations)
Establishing low-carbon concept at and around
new stations
Developing a low-carbon
area/district
Setting reduction targets
by area/district
Introduction of renewable energy to a region/district (incl. sunlight, solar heat, ground heat,
micro-hydroelectric power generation, biomass)
Promoting use of the district's energy resources (especially in suburban agriculture/forestry-related areas and service withdrawal areas)
◆Developing a low-carbon
area/district that makes the most
of local resources (suburban
agriculture/forestry-related areas)
Drafting a low-carbon area/
district plan using sewer heat
(suburban agriculture/forestryrelated areas)
Developing a low-carbon
area/district (Minus carbon)
Additional financial support for model projects
Introduction of renewable energy to a region/district
(incl. sunlight, solar heat, ground heat, micro-hydroelectric power generation, biomass)
◆Making service withdrawal areas
into low-carbon ones
Visualizing the advantages
of being a compact city
Providing incentives for large-scale consolidation of vacant lots
Implementing low-carbon projects incl. installation of
Photovoltaic power generation system in large vacant lots
Utilization and regeneration of urban/regional natural capital
◆ Utilization/regeneration of natural
capital
Supporting financing of municipalities for regeneration projects of natural capital
Promoting greening by reallocating urban spaces resulting from decrease in parking
Strengthening green conservation area system
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Program to promote measures
Program to develop measures
Reviewing zoning of
urbanization promotion area
Policy of the national government
Points to Keep in Mind in Implementing Measures
and Policies toward the Envisioned Future
•
To enforce measures and policies toward the envisioned future, a system to support local efforts
should be established by taking the following points into account.
Local Development WG
1. Regional characteristics and innovations
A package of measures based on the classification of each region is an example of a combination of measures, and in view of regional
characteristics, it is important to identify the measures that are expected to be the most effective.
It is necessary to present ambitious targets and to establish incentives and systems that multiply the effects of emissions reductions.
2. Establishment of systems and areas of cooperation from the viewpoint of multiple benefits, utilizing the characteristics of private
businesses, citizens, etc.
In forming a framework for an urban city or a regional community, the mere use of a present system with a government taking
responsibility would limit areas where measures and policies can be enforced. Thus, it is necessary to properly establish systems and
areas of cooperation from the viewpoint of multiple benefits to promote efforts on the part of private businesses and citizens.
26
3. Studying policies for promoting regional measures, combinations of measures for each item, or both of the above
It is necessary to study policies promoting regional measures (establishment of car priority lanes designed for the environment, etc.)
that enhance the effects of measures for each item, combinations of measures for each item (measures taken for houses and buildings
using local resources, etc.) that multiply the effects of regional measures, or both of the above.
4. Need for policies focusing on the potential of farming, fishing and mountain villages, regions with low-population density, etc.
when measures are introduced
It is necessary to study the policies best suited for the realization of the envisioned future for the local development sector after taking
into account the characteristics of various systems for renewable energy supply and the trade of environmental value such as that of
greening efforts, etc.
Farming, Fishing and Mountain Village Sector: Outline of Roadmap (1)
1990
2010
2012
2015
2020
• Establishing and announcing
regional zero-carbon plans for
every region
• Reducing fossil fuel-derived CO2
emissions by 20 – 30% or avg.
Benchmarks
2030
• Reducing fossil
fuel-derived CO2
emissions by 50
– 60% on avg.
• Every region achieves its
regional zero-carbon plan
• Announcing multi-criteria
regional evaluation results for
each region
Changes in social system
Studying and establishing
methods for evaluating GHG
emission/recapture for entire
regions
Establishing, implementing and evaluating
local zero-carbon plans that meet local
features
Studying /establishing methods for multi-criteria regional evaluation
Establishment, implementation and evaluation of regionalplanning (intensive investment in a model district)
Drafting guidelines for
regional planning
Reviewing systems based on
the experience of model
district
National propagation of establishment, implementation and evaluation of regional planning
Expanding dissemination of
conventional forest carbon
offsets
Studying/establishing methods
for assessing carbon footprints
of agriculture, forestry and
fisheries products
Expanding dissemination of carbon offsets
and low-carbon-footprint products
27
Establishing policy for
using lumber and
standardization
Promoting use of domestic materials
for construction
Expanding offset credits to farmland and HWP
Implementing a system for evaluation/support of low-carbon footprint products (consumption of local/seasonal products)
Studying /establishing multi-criteria evaluation methods
Implementing multi-criteria evaluation/support systems
Establishing/standardizing lifecycle carbon emission reduction for
lumber (incl. indirect emission reduction effects)
Leading the use of woods for public buildings (realize low cost)
Roadmap
Promoting use of domestic lumber for houses and mid-size buildings
Fostering distribution coordinators
Building distribution system
Providing opportunities for matching (information sharing) between producers and consumers
Promoting consumption of local and
seasonal products
Further promoting use at public facilities (for school lunches, etc.)
Regional wide promotion
Reducing CO2 emissions thoroughly
Promoting energy savings
in agriculture and forestry
Mountain forestry village
Improving fuel efficiency of forestry machinery and energy saving of woodmills (incl. boilers)
Rural farming village / rural
stock breeding village
Promoting introduction of heat pump and multi-layered covers to heated greenhouses
Fuel-efficient agricultural machinery and promoting shared use of agricultural machinery
Converting fishing lights to LED and promoting energy-saving ship operation methods
Promoting energy savings in
agriculture and forestry
Promoting mitigation measures
Rural farming village / rural stock
breeding village
Promoting reduction of nitrogen, conversion to forced fermentation and extending mid-summer drainage of rice paddies
2050
Farming, Fishing and Mountain Village Sector: Outline of Roadmap (2)
1990
2010
2012
2015
2020
2030
Active use of biomass resources
Mountain forestry
village/rural farming village
Promoting introduction of biomass boilers to lumber drying plants and heated greenhouses
Studying best collection/reuse system for the region
Common
features
Composting and making feed from waste
biomass, and converting waste biomass
into renewable energy
Promoting use of renewable energy
Developing and installing composting/feed production/energy
conversion facilities at proper sites
Rural stock
breeding village
Rural farming
village
Developing regional shared composting system
using compost production center
Fostering business entities for hydropower generation
Installing micro-hydroelectric power generators at canals
28
Roadmap
Common
features
Promoting use of waste biomass
Gathering data to assess potential value of land
Studying business models for use of renewable energy that make the
most of regional features (incl. installing solar panels on unused land)
Effective use of land as a heat source
and of businesses
Implementing model project (incl. utilizing model regions)
Fostering business entities for local energy production
Reviewing systems based
on the experience of model
project
National propagation of regional energy businesses
R&D and developing/establishing assessment methods (incl. study on feasible CO2 sinks)
Utilization of seaweed as
a new energy source or material
Using biomass energy sources/materials
Promoting active use of CO2 sinks
Conducting proper forest management
Utilization of forests, wood products and
farmland
Mountain forestry
village
Policy to promote programs for reducing GHG emissions
Rural farming village /
rural stock breeding village
Common
features
Promoting plowing of compost in farmland/using soil conditioners incl. charcoal
Promoting domestic lumber/use of cascade
Preparatory policies for introducing the policies in the left-most column
Agriculture and mountain villages
Biomass resource rich municipalities are categorized into agricultural regions on flat land, agricultural regions in mountains, and agricultural regions that have both of flat land and mountain under agricultural statistics.
Categorization
Regions with high potential of wood biomass, agricultural biomass or livestock biomass are named "mountain forestry villages", "rural agriculture villages" and "rural farming villages," respectively.
When a municipality has substantial amounts of different types of biomass resources, then programs of different types of biomass resources, such as cooperation between farming and livestock breeding, should be coordinated.
2050
Points to Keep in Mind in Implementing
Measures and Policies toward the Envisioned Future
Farming, Fishing and
Mountain Village Sub-WG
• In general, farming, fishing and mountain villages have the clean image of being located amidst natural verdure.
However, certain data suggest that their emissions per capita exceed those of urban areas, and it is believed that there
may be room for additional emissions reductions. Thus, while actively promoting emissions reduction measures
such as energy saving, it is also necessary to study measures contributing to regional revitalization.
• A zoning strategy that assigns to each plot of land and area a role (production of agricultural products, carbon
absorption, supply of renewable energy, etc.) needs to be studied in terms of and feasibility.
• While promoting the preparation of basic data, continuous study needs to be conducted on the emission mechanism
and the identification of emissions reduction potential, etc. in farming, fishing and mountain villages.
29
• As a regional development measure, the establishment of a system (legal system) for the smooth, effective use of
land is required, including such a system for the utilization of renewable energy in farming, fishing and mountain
villages. Since unused land also includes locations with relatively low utility value, the optimal utilization of renewable
energy, etc. needs to be studied in view of the environmental conditions of the land.
• In using carbon offset credits, etc., study needs to be conducted on the development of a system for maximizing
incentives for credit purchasers, the development and diffusion of methods for controlling initial investment
amounts and the establishment of a system for human resource development matching.
• In setting a purchase price for biomass power, etc., the cost for biomass collection and transportation needs to be
considered.
• The uniform promotion of measures in urban areas and farming, fishing and mountain villages is not necessarily
appropriate. Regional characteristics should be fully taken into account in implementing measures.
Energy Supply
30
Energy Supply Roadmap (Renewable Energy) 1/2
Objectives
1990
Renewable energy
capacity/share
2005
2010
2012
2015
Renewable energy as a share of the primary energy supply: 5％
Use of renewable energy: 29.00 mil. kL
2020
2030
Increasing amount of renewable
energy to between 140 and 160 mil.
kL
Renewable energy as a share of the primary energy
supply > 10％
Supporting establishment of infrastructure to disseminate renewable energy use
◆Economic measures incl. feedin tariff system
Power
Program design
feed-in tariff system to induce commercial investment*
(*IRR 8% for commercial power generation)
Heat
Issuing renewable energy certificates for heat from renewable energy
Mandatory introduction of
renewable energy
Developing thermal quantification method and constructing a system in which consumers can chose
optimal integration of backup heat source
Fuel
Common for above
◆Reducing financial risk/burden
of renewable energy business
Financial support incl. tax incentives for biofuel
Mandatory introduction of solar thermal/photovoltaic power generation for large-scale facilities
Design and test operation of availability
insurance system
Mandatory introduction (Green obligation)
Transition to commercial
insurance system
31
Debt guarantee by public institute: interest support
Study for appropriate development sites, assistance to FS, etc.
Roadmap
Studying financing systems through local financial institutes Establishing financing methods that meet local needs
Studying evaluation methods of project financing
Establishing assessment systems that incorporate local features
Reducing initial cost by incentive leasing, etc.
◆Developing database of
related information
Compiling information on potential and suitable/non-suitable (zoning) sites
Compiling statistics on renewable energy
Establishing an action plan for dissemination of renewable energy and reviewing the plan according to its progress
Information provision by developing a "one-stop-service"
◆Developing renewable energy
technology
Developing technology that meets the natural environment and local social/natural environment
Technology for inclined geothermal wells, eco-conscious facility design, bird-strike prevention technology for wind turbines,
second-generation biofuel technology and designs for these that are accepted by local community
Developing innovative technology/waste energy, conducting field experiments, accelerating practical application
Power generation by off-shore wind, wave, geothermal, hot spring heat, etc.
Easy installation to existing houses/buildings
through standardization and unification of attachments
Establishing design methods for houses/buildings and fostering installation technicians
Establishing a stable biofuel supply system
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Policy to promote programs to reduce GHG emissions
2050
Preparatory policies for introducing the policies in the left-most column
Energy Supply Roadmap (Renewable Energy) 2/2
1990
2010
2012
2015
2020
2030
2050
Policy to change the social system to meet the level of dissemination of renewable energy
◆Improving social acceptance
and awareness
Improving nation's awareness by educational activities
Promoting voluntary introduction and understanding of renewable energy use
Method to promote understanding
of renewable energy use
Program design
Information disclosure system on impact on local environment
Disclosing monitoring data of geothermal use, zoning information
Method to promote voluntary
introduction
Constructing a social system
where renewable energy is pervasive
Introducing accreditation/registration system for skilled installers, and maintenance obligations
Supporting expanding the supply channels of renewable energy equipment for houses/buildings
Fostering renewable
energy advisers and
developing tools
Providing information on optimal combinations of devices for renewable energy and energy-saving
Test introduction of new business model
Hybrid model of co-financing by large business, local business and residents, etc.
Roadmap
32
◆Introducing renewable energy
that meets the local features
Providing advice during house/building construction
Fostering coaches
Establishing an association for introducing renewable energy
that makes the most of local talent, resources and residents'
fund toward regional revitalization
Fostering local professionals of renewable energy introduction
Prefectures and
specially designated
large cities
Municipalities
◆Reviewing relevant acts and
regulations
Promoting installation to public facilities by public invitation of installation/operation
of photovoltaic power generation systems
Leading introduction of renewable energy, implementing original support systems and organizing systems in local community
Utilizing renewable energy for community development and regional revitalization
Model project by comprehensive special district
Micro- / mid-size hydropower, geothermal and biomass, biofuel, etc.
Requirements of related acts/regulations and their prospect
for enforcement; Early standardization of new technology
Electric Utility Law, etc. and early standardization of high concentration biofuel, etc.
Coordination among stakeholders
Water rights, etc.
Promoting dissemination of renewable energy by introducing the Carbon Tax
Promoting dissemination of renewable energy by introducing the domestic emissions trading system that adopts the cap-and-trade method.
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Policy to promote programs to reduce GHG emissions
Preparatory policies for introducing the policies in the left-most column
Energy Supply Roadmap (Energy Supply Infrastructure)
Objectives
1990
2010
2012
2015
2020
Energy Supply
Infrastructure
2030
Rate of introduction of
smart meters, etc.:>80%
2050
Diffusion rate of Japanese
version of smart grid: 100％
Realizing zero-carbon
power sources
◆ Measures for existing
power grids
Implementing local measures (incl. installations of distribution transformers and voltage controllers)
Analysis of empty capacity of
transmission/distribution lines
Energy carrier and conversion
systems for surplus electricity
Expanding transmission systems
Planned development of access transmission lines
Facility/demand-supply planning to reflect demand control effect
Making the most of existing infrastructure toward
introduction of large capacity for renewable energy
◆Studying the nextgeneration grid network
Establishing and developing Smart Grids
Weather information/capacity of renewable-energy-derived electricity
Establishing multi-location measurement of output
Accumulating weather data, trial estimation of power output
◆Installation and
development of Smart
Grids
Development of functions for automatic operation stop/preventing stand-alone operation
Dissemination of renewable energy power generation system w. output control
Introduction of smart meters and energy management devices
Dissemination of demand-side technology for energy storage and activation
Roadmap
33
(connectors)
Utilization of all system power supply
Reviewing operation of existing infrastructure (incl. pump-up storage power generation and inter-regional supply
Full-scale operation of power generation output/demand-supply control
Starting management
Photovoltaic power generation
that meet power demand
Output control of wind power generation
Demand
control
Advancement of output control of
photovoltaic power generation
and wind power generation
Automatic control by energy
management system
Making most of buttery charge
Buttery system, V2G（Vehicle to Grid)：
control of plug-in hybrid EV
utilization of power supply/demand
Introducing
between vehicle and grid system
buttery system
Overseas development of Japanese Smart Grids
◆Developing systems for
large-scale renewable
energy use
System design that meets diversification of stable power supplier
Developing a system for priority access to
renewable-energy-derived electricity
Other than power system
Providing incentives to power companies for
their support of users' energy saving
Common
Establishing fee
system to
control demand
Demand control: dynamic pricing
Raisinghigh voltagedistribution
Advancement of business model of power company
(Decoupling of sales/profit of power company and electricity sales)
◆Infrastructure for biofuel
supply
Financially supporting production of biofuel
◆Infrastructure for gas
supply
Developing natural gas pipelines, biogas supply via. city gas infrastructure, support utilization of smart energy
networks in which heat and electricity are effectively used, obligation of studying introduction, mandatory introduction
Providing financial assistance to make existing fuel distribution infrastructure compatible with
high-concentration biofuel
◆Infrastructure for
hydrogen supply
◆Providing incentives for
next-generation
infrastructure
development
Studying hydrogen supply concept that takes into account technology development level
Next-generation infrastructure development w. funds from the Carbon Tax
Developing next-generation energy supply infrastructure by introducing the domestic emissions trading system that adopts the cap-and-trade method.
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Policy to promote programs for reducing GHG emissions
Preparatory policies for introducing the policies in the left-most column
System power supply
Promoting infrastructure development for next-generation energy supply
Energy Supply Roadmap (Fossil Fuel and Nuclear Energy)
Objectives
1990
2010
2012
2015
2030
2020
2050
Recapturing and sequestering
90.0 to 50.00 thou. t-C/year
(3,300 to183 mil. t-CO2/year)
Fossil fuel and nuclear
energy
Realizing low-carbon use of fossil energy and increasing nuclear power supply while strictly maintaining safety
◆Disseminating low-carbon
technology for thermal power
stations
Introducing high-efficiency power generation technology to thermal power stations
Overseas development of high-efficiency thermal power generation technology
Roadmap
34
◆Introducing carbon recapture
and sequestration
Introducing CCS-related acts and regulations and technology, conducting large-scale field tests,
offering incentives for introduction
Studying CCS-compatible plants (where CCS can be installed later)
◆Low-carbon construction and
operation of power
plants/equipment
Introducing CCS
Promoting low-carbon systems taking the opportunity of introduction of the Carbon Tax
Promoting low-carbon systems by introducing the domestic emissions trading system that adopts the cap-and-trade method.
Power source plan that takes into account of prices of coal, oil and natural gas
Studying capacity of thermal power stations and reorganization
of power supply system
Reorganizing the power supply system
◆Increasing nuclear power
supply while strictly
maintaining safety
Reviewing operation systems
improving the operating rate of nuclear power plants, responding to aging of existing plants,
reviewing operation systems
FY 2011 Using the funds from the Carbon Tax, strengthening the aforementioned measures/programs
Policy to promote programs for reducing GHG emissions
Preparatory policies for introducing the policies in the left-most column
Points to Keep in Mind for Realization of the Roadmap
 Renewable energy needs to be introduced at an unprecedented speed, and the amount to be introduced as assumed in this report
cannot be achieved by a fixed-price electricity purchase system alone.
 The fixed-price purchase system is an important policy for achieving the mid-term targets, and it is necessary to consider in
advance the shift to other measures in the event that a certain degree of cost reduction in those is achieved.
 The cost for establishing a power system that supports the mass introduction of renewable power needs to be studied while
paying attention to competition with other types of energy.
 Study needs to continue on mandating the introduction of renewable energy in terms of who will be subject to mandatory
introduction, when is should be mandated, and other details.
 In view of achieving a renewable energy target of 10% of primary energy supply by the year 2020, policy support is also required
for the diffusion and expansion of heat sources and fuels other than renewable energy.
35
 In the future, many renewable energy projects suited to regional characteristics should bear fruit. It is desirable for the projects to
be voluntarily initiated in regional areas, and to this end, areas to which the governmental should provide support in the
immediate future such as the fostering of human resources in various sectors need to be steadily promoted.
 In this WG, all study is conducted from the viewpoint of the supply side. However in principle, the overall energy demand should
be surveyed. While maximizing demand control by promoting energy saving on the demand side in accordance with energy supply
capacity, energy that is truly necessary should be made low-carbon.
 Aiming at the realization of low-carbon energy supply, discussion has revolved around highly prioritized renewable energy.
However, the realization of low-carbon utilization of fossil fuels including the use of CCS and the expansion of nuclear energy use
are important policies as well, and appropriate policy measures should be enforced after sufficient consideration.
 The method for stable energy supply needs to be studied in view of the risk involved in cases such as the diffusion of renewable
energy making little progress, the slow improvement of the operation rate of nuclear power plants, or the very rare construction of
new nuclear power plants.
 Since fossil fuel supply can be secured or increased/decreased through storage or purchase from the market, study also needs to
be conducted from the viewpoint that maintaining fossil-fuel related equipment in a balanced manner is possible especially for
power generation.
 Necessary support measures should be taken for low-carbon energy technologies that are yet to be put into practical use (floating
wind power, ocean energy, hot dry rock power generation, and clean coal technology which is currently at the stage of R&D, etc.)
so that they can contribute to the realization of low-carbon society in the long run domestically and internationally.