Transcript Slide 1

WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Used to talk about a hypothesis in the past
(normally with IF + PAST PERFECT)
If I had studied more, I would have gotten a better
result.
Obs. Inverting the if-part of the sentence does not
change its meaning.
COULD / MIGHT HAVE + PAST
PARTICIPLE
Used to talk about a possibility in the past
that did not happen.
You could/might have told me you loved me.
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Used to indicate that an advisable action in
the past was not performed.
You should not have gotten all that rain
yesterday.
WISH
 PRESENT: Wish + simple past.
I wish I were at the beach. (now)
 PAST: Wish + past perfect.
I wish I had gone to the beach last year.
Obs. WERE for all the persons (to be).
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To hold out (one’s hand): To greet
someone.
To go through (a ‘bad’ situation): To
experience it.
To go away (a problem, a pain): To finish /
to disappear.
HAVE SOMETHING DONE
Used when we talk about something that someone
else is doing for us because we’ve paid or asked
for it.
IT MAY BE USED IN ANY TENSES
Next week I will have my house painted.
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To run after (someone/somenthing that
moves): To pursue.
To give up (doing something): To stop
doing it (because it is very difficult).
To give yourself up: To let the police catch
you).
The same purpose of causative form,
but now emphasizing WHO is doing it
for you. It also may be used in ANY
tenses.
Next week I’ll have John paint my house.
 The main verb (paint) is ALWAYS in
the infinitive WITHOUT to.
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Added to some verbs to form the noun that
describes the performer of an action (a
person or a tool/thing):
To write = writER
To listen = listenER
To slice = slicER
To mix = mixER
To win = winNNER (cvc rule).
To come across (something/someone)
To meet by chance.
 To go with (something): To choose
something (to eat/to dress).
 To knock (something) over: To make it fall
accidentally.
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POSITION OF DIRECT OBJECT
Direct object comes right after the verb
just preceded by an article.
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We bought a house. (article before)
To buy: (who buys, buys something).
What did we buy? A house.
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POSITION OF INDIRECT OBJECT
Indirect object needs a preposition to
precede it.
We traveled TO England last month.
To travel: (who travels, travels TO some
place). Where did you travel to? TO
England.
The usual sequence is:
Subject+verb+(article)+direct
obj.+prep+indirect obj.
Sam gave a purse for Emily.
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However, you can place the indirect object
right after the verb, in this case, the
preposition is not used:
Sam gave (no prep) Emily a purse.
Subj.+verb+Ind obj.+(article)+Dir obj.
USING DO TO AVOID REPETITION OF
A PREVIOUS VERB
- Who answered the phone?
- Sam did.
- He always does.
- Why don’t you?
HELP, LET, MAKE SOMEONE DO
SOMETHING
 TO HELP: followed either by the infitive
without TO (more common) or the full
infinitive (less common).
They helped John find his keys. (+ com)
They helped John to find his keys. (- com)
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HELP, LET, MAKE SOMEONE DO
SOMETHING
TO LET / TO MAKE: ALWAYS followed
by infinitive WITHOUT to.
Tom will let the children have a dog.
They know how to make me feel fine.
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To go along with (someone): To agree with
someone’s ideas.
To break down (something): To stop
working.
THE SUFFIXES –IZE AND –IFY
Added at the end of some nouns or
adjectives to form verbs.
American =AmericanIZE
Personal = PersonalIZE
Beauty = BeautIFY
Electric = ElectricIFY
THE PREFIXES –IM AND –DIS
Added at the beginning of some words or
adjectives to give a negative force.
Mature =IMmature
Polite = IMpolite
Like = DISlike
Honest = DIShonest
WON’T AND WOULDN’T FOR REFUSALS
WON’T: to express refusals in the present.
 He won’t forgive me for this!
WOULDN’T: to express refusals in the past.
 I tried to talk to you yesterday, but you
wouldn’t answer the phone.
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To play around with (something): To deal
carelessly with it.
To mess up: To make something very
badly. To destroy.
To live down (a mistake/bad action): To
forget it. To make it be forgotten.
VERBS OF PERCEPTION FOLLOWED
BY THE INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO
OR THE –ING FORM
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Infinitive without to/-ing form: to
feel, to hear, to look at, to notice and
to see.
I saw your sister work/working at the
library yesterday.
VERBS OF PERCEPTION FOLLOWED BY
THE INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO OR THE –
ING FORM
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Infinitive without to ONLY: to listen to
and to watch.
I always listen to you complain about life.
John watched Mary sleep.
VERBS OF PERCEPTION AND
EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY THE
–ING FORM “ONLY”
To smell, to find.
 To spend time/money; to waste time/
money; to have trouble/difficulty.
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I smell something burning!
He found J.J. trying to scape.
I’m spending my time sleeping.
Don’t waste your money buying such a
lemon.
She’s having difficulty working alone.
He had troubles asking her out.
THE PREFIX IR-
Used in the beginning of a word to
give it a negative force:
Responsible = IRresponsible
Regular = IRregular
Relevant = IRrelevant
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POLITE REQUESTS
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Asking someone to do something:
can, will (less polite), could, would
(more polite).
Do you think you could... do...
Would you mind... doing...
POLITE REQUESTS
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Asking permission to do something:
can, (less polite), could, may (more
polite).
Would it be all right if I... did...
Is it ok if I... do...
Would you mind if I... did...(+ polite)
OFFERS
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Offering something to someone:
Would you like some water?
Would you like to drink coffee?
Would you care for some tea?
OFFERS
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Offering to do something to someone:
Will, Can
I’ll find the book for you. (If you want)
Can I help you with the dinner?
I can give you a ride. (If you like)
Would you like me to bring those boxes?
Now that you’ve finished this step in your life, don’t give
up making the necessary efforts to grow up more and
more.
It was amazing how you’ve taught me during this time
together and I hope I could have helped you somehow.
Thanks for everything you’ve done for me, thanks for
being here, thanks for helping me to see how
wonderful it is to have the opportunity of growing
with you.
GOD BLESS YOU
YOU MAKE ME FEEL BRAND NEW!!!
LOVE,
TEACHERDRY