Transcript Elecro Convulsive Therapy

True or False?
1. Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme which breaks down
monoamines (serotonin and noradrenalin).
2. MAOI’s work by decreasing the availability of monoamines in
the nervous system.
3. SSRI’s work by blocking the serotonin receptors on the post
synaptic neuron.
4. Gitlin found SSRI’s were effective in reducing symptoms of
depression in around 75% of patients
5. Hollon’s research suggested that drugs are a curative
treatment.
6. People prescribed With MAOI’s must restrict their diet.
7. People who take SSRI’s are likely to experience suicidal
thoughts and violent behavior.
Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT)
Task
1 minute to write down any thing you
remember about ECT. Be prepared to
feedback to the rest of the class
ECT
Controversial form of treatment
Used for severe depression and
when other treatments have failed
Procedure
1. Patient undergoes physical
examination
2. Fasts for 6 hours
3. Lies on bed
4. Anaesthetic administered
5. Given muscle relaxants
1. Gag put in mouth
2. Electrodes put on unilaterally or
bilaterally
3. 70-130 volts for 1 – 4 seconds
4. Induces a seizure
5. Recovery position and come round
6. Approx. 6 treatments over 3 weeks
ECT in action
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9L2-BaluCE
Effectiveness of ECT- Does it work?
•Works in many patients where all
other methods have failed
•Richards & Lyness (2006) 60-70%
patients improved with ECT
•But……large proportion become
depressed again in the following year
So it does work but how????
Many different theories as to how ECT works.
•In pairs on your mini whiteboard write down
a………
1. Cognitive theory on how ECT works
2. Biological theory on how ECT works
3. Behaviourist theory on how ECT works
How does it work ?
•Biologists believe it increases levels of
serotonin and noradrenalin, reduces oxygen in
frontal temporal lobes (emotions)
•Cognitivists believe it works due to the memory
wipe
•Behaviourists believe it is seen as
punishment/negative reinforcement
•Psychodynamic?????
•We don’t actually know how it works!
Side effects
•Death 1: 10 000 the same rate as anaesthetic
•Memory loss
•Newer procedures have less side effects
Task
Cut out the evaluation points and
stick into the appropriate
category
•Effective
•Not effective
•Appropriate
•Not appropriate
Homework
Evaluate biological treatments of
depression (16 marks)