Transcript Unit 5 Enjoying Novels

Lead-in
Do you know the four classic Chinese novels?
What is the main idea of them?
Dream of the Red Chamber
Heroes of the
Marsh
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
The Pilgrimage to the West
Learning Goals
Knowledge Goals
Topic
. Talking about English literature
. Some great writers of the 19th century and
some of their novels
Words and Expressions
Words
literary, genre, recount, consensus, equality, twist,
contradiction, limitation, heroine, obstacle, ironic,
deception, explicit, hail, revelation, prenier,
ambiguous, concession, injustice, eccentric,
merchant, warehouse, burglar, sequence, dangle,
semicircle, squeak, collar, pine, squirrel, romance,
decline, arrogant, enquire, rejoice, hasty, hastily,
sensible
Expressions
in force get round
under the name of…
see through
struggle against stand out
straight away
pull oneself up
in vain
at length
against one’s will
think ill of
do everything in one’s power to
Functional Items
Expressing emotion
I understand how you feel, but…
I perfectly understand…
I think you are right in saying/ thinking/ believing
sth.
I understand your concern, but…
Why did you run away?
Why didn’t you…?
What happens if I …?
Why should I …?
What happened to you?
Tell me everything.
I couldn’t bear it any more because…
I was very frightened because…
It was very kind of you to…
Don’t send me back to…
I’m afraid that…
I hope you think I was right to…
I would like you to…
please help me.
Time sequence
I began when…
Then… Meanwhile…
Later …
Finally …
Grammar
The Nominative Absolute Construction
These women having produced works of the
highest quality, any survey of the 19th century
English literature must include them.
With the 19th century being regarded as one of
great women writers, there were also some
excellent male authors.
The three Bronte sisters adopting this practice,
Mary Ann Evans did the same and wrote under
the name of George Eliot.
Ability Goals
. Learn the new words and expressions of
the text
. Enable the students to summarize the
character’s nature in the novel
. Enable the students to use time sequence
Emotion Goals
. Cultivate the habit of reading novels in
free time
Important and Difficult Points
Important Points
. Learn the usage of the words and expressions
. Learn the usage of the nominative absolute
construction
Difficult Points
. Learn the usage of the nominative absolute
construction
Warming up
Find out which character is not in the novel.
Dream of
the Red
Chamber
Heroes of the Marsh
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
The Pilgrimage to the West
Brainstorming
傲慢与偏见
Pre-reading
Do you know some famous female writers
in England? What are the master pieces of
them?
Jane Eyre, Written by Charlotte
Bronte. Jane Eyre ranks as one of
the greatest and most perennially
popular works of English fiction.
Although the poor but plucky
heroine is outwardly of plain
appearance, she possesses an
indomitable spirit, a sharp wit and
great courage. She is forced
to battle against the exigencies
of a cruel guardian, a harsh
employer and a rigid social
order. All of which
circumscribe her life and
position when she becomes
governess to the daughter of the mysterious,
sardonic and attractive Mr. Rochester.
However, there is great kindness and warmth in
this epic love story, which is set against the
magnificent backdrop of the Yorkshire moors.
Jane Eyre
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18
July 1817) was an English novelist
whose realism, biting social
commentary and masterful use of
free indirect speech, burlesque and
irony have earned her a place as one
of the most widely read and bestloved writers in English literature.
From 1811 until 1815, with the release of Sense and
Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield
Park (1814) and Emma (1815), she achieved success as a
published writer. She wrote two additional novels,
Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published after
her death in 1817, and began a third, which was
eventually titled Sanditon, but died before completing it.
Pride and Prejudice are displayed
in every character pertaining to the
novel in some form or another. It is
pride of those of a higher economic
status which genuinely withholds
prominent relationships of those
who are of lower economic status. Darcy's pride causes
him to look down on those who are in a lower social
class, due to his mentality that he supersedes those who
are not within his social circle. Given that Elizabeth
Bennet is of a lower class than Darcy, this places
immediate restrictions to their relationship. Elizabeth
also displays significant pride. Though not influenced
by economic status, Elizabeth is most proud of her
ability of perception: although it is her ill perception
which causes her to misjudge Darcy and also Wickham.
When Elizabeth hears of Wickham's accusations of
Darcy, she trusts the negative perception of him, and
mistakenly views Darcy's confidence as conceit.
Reading
Explanation
1. At this time the only respectable career for a
woman was to marry, so the dilemma of her
heroines was also to marry but for love.
女性唯一受到尊重的事业就是嫁人，所以她
作品中的女主人公也为了无爱情的婚姻所困扰。
respectable指获得来自外人的尊敬，而respectful
是指对外人的尊敬，如：
Compared to today’s vandals, the original ones
seem very respectable.
正牌的汪达尔人跟今天的汪达尔人相比，就
显得非常可敬了。
He was respectful before his betters.
他在长者之前很是恭敬。
dilemma的意思是“两难处境”，如：
The doctor’s dilemma was whether he should tell
the patient the truth.
医生进退两难的是该不该把真情告诉患者。
They saw these questions as posing a problem,
not a dilemma.
他们认为上述问题是个难题，但并非进退两
难。
在本句中，but for是 “除了；除……以外” 的
意思，相当于except for。如：
But for one minor incident, he seemed to be in
excellent health.
他除了偶然发生过一次小病外，似乎非常健
康。
Your article is well written but for a few spelling
mistakes.
你的文章写得很好，只是有几处拼写错误。
2. It was also in her refreshingly light and ironic
style, evident from the first sentence of the novel:
“ Everyone knows that a single man with a
fortune must be in want of a wife.”
她的作品的魅力还体现在她那清新明快而
又带点讽刺的写作风格上，这从小说的第一句
就可以很清楚的看出来“众所周知，凡是有财
产的单身汉必定需要娶一位太太。”
want在这里的意思是“缺乏；不足”，如：
Go on, Mr. Bertuccio; you will supply the want
of the evening papers.
说吧，贝尔图乔先生，你可以补充晚报的
不足。
Love will make up for his want of money.
爱情会补偿他金钱的不足。
in want of是个短语，意思是“需要”，如：
I had prepared it beforehand, for I am much in
want of money today.
这张纸条是我事先准备好的，因为我今天
急需钱用。
3. David benefits from her truly generous nature,
and owes his education, wealth and happiness to
her care.
大卫得益于她真正慷慨大方的性格，在她
的关心下，大卫受到了教育，获得了财富和幸
福。
owe…to…把……归功于……。如：
We owe all our achievements to the correct
leadership of the Party.
我们的一切成就都应归功于党的正确领导。
We owe the general theory of relativity to
Einstein.
我们把相对论这个理论归功于爱因斯坦。
4. He spoke fluently, but concentrated on her
low social rank with a warmth which did not
recommend him as a husband.
他言辞流利、语气热烈，但主要是说她
的低下的社会地位，听起来可不像要做她的
丈夫。
warmth在这里的意思是“热情；热烈；亲切”。
如：
They felt a lack of warmth in his exceeding
formal congratulatory speech.
他们感到他那过于刻板的祝词缺乏热情。
The warmth of her smile belied the reproof.
她亲切的笑容表明她的斥责并非真的。
Language Points
1. Why should I …? 为什么我要……？
Why should I not confide in those that have been
so kind to me?
为什么我不该信赖那些一直待我这样好的
人呢？
2. It was very kind of you to …
……，你太客气了。
It was very kind of you to give me a tour of the
place.
谢谢你们陪我看了整个工厂。
It was very kind of you to send me the beautiful
album of photographs which arrived today.
今天收到你送我的精美相册，你太客气了。
3. I would like you to … 我希望你能……
John and I would like you to come over for a
party.
约翰和我想请你过来参加宴会。
I would like you to welcome six new members
to the club.
我希望你能欢迎6名新成员加入俱乐部。
4. I’m afraid that … 我担心……
I'm afraid that this shipment was not up to
your own standard.
我恐怕这批货达不到你们自己的标准。
I' m afraid that either of them will not agree to
this arrangement.
我担心他们两人都不会同意这样的安排的。
5. Finally … 最后……
Finally he brought forward his plan for the
experiment.
最后他提出了他的试验计划。
After a pursuit for whole day we finally caught
up with them.
经过一整天的追赶，我们终于赶上了他们。
6. Meanwhile … 与此同时……
Jane was painting the walls and meanwhile Pat
was watching T.V.
简在油漆墙壁，与此同时帕特在看电视。
Meanwhile they were preparing to seize control
by violence.
与此同时，他们还做准备以暴力夺取控制
权。
Learning about Language
Words
1. recount
vt. 详细叙述某事;讲述某事
He recounted to us his childhood adventures.
他向我们讲述了他孩提时代的种种历险。
His life story is recounted in two fascinating
volumes of autobiography.
这两卷引人入胜的自传小说详述了他的生平。
n. 重数, 重新计算选票
demands from the opposition for a recount of the
votes.
反对党提出的重新计算选票的要求。
When the Labour party candidate didn’t win the
election, he cried foul and demanded a recount.
工党候选人没有赢得选举,他声称有舞弊行
为,要求重新计票。
2. hail
n. 雹子
Hail fell with such violence that it broke windows.
冰雹猛落, 把玻璃窗也砸破了。
一阵像冰雹般袭来的事物；雹子般的一阵
There was a hail of angry words.
愤怒的话语如冰雹似地砸来。
A hail of fires from us sent the aggressor fleeing
panic – stricken.
我们一阵炮火打得侵略者惊惶逃窜。
vi. 下雹子
Sometimes it hails during a summer
thundershower.
有时候夏天的雷阵雨中会夹有冰雹。
It was so fine this morning. Who would have
thought it would hail in the afternoon!
早上天气还好好的, 不料下午竟下起雹子
来了。
vt. 致敬; 向…欢呼
We hailed them as soon as they stood on the
stage.
他们一站到台上, 我们就开始欢迎。
The people lined the streets to hail the
returning heroes.
人们夹道欢迎凯旋的英雄们。
3. decline
n. 下降, 减少, 衰退
As the protected infant industries grow, their
costs sometimes fail to decline.
当受保护的新兴工业增长时，有时成本无
法降低。
It is reported that the temperature will decline
sharply in one or two days.
据报告近日气温将明显下降。
vt. & vi. 辞谢; 谢绝(邀请等)
We asked her to come to our party, but she
declined.
我们请她来参加我们的晚会, 但是她谢绝
了。
A man may, from various motives, decline to
give his company.
一个男子出于各种动机，可以谢绝交际应
酬。
衰落
Imperialism is irretrievably on the decline.
帝国主义正在无可挽救地衰落下去。
He could only think that it marked the decline
of the Forsyte type.
他只能有一个想法，就是福尔赛的类型看
上去已经日趋衰落了。
Morphology
1. ad- = to; toward; forward
advice 建议 advocate 倡导
adjoin 临近
adjust 调整 admixture 混杂 adventure 冒险
2. af- = at; to,或表示加强意义
affright 震惊，恐惧
affix 附加，贴上
affirm 肯定，确实
3. ag- = at; to,或表示加强意义
aggrandize 增大
aggrieve 使悲痛
4. amphi- = 两、双
aggravate 加重
amphicar 水陆两用车 amphibian 水陆两栖的
amphitheatre 两边都可观看的剧场，圆形剧场
5. ante- = before
antecedent 先前的，先行的
antetype 先型，原型
anteroom 前室，接待室
antedate 比实际早的日期
anteport 前港，外港
antestomach 前胃
6. anti- = against
antipathy 反感
antiwar 反战的
antiageing 防衰老的
antifreeze 防冻
anti-imperlialist 反帝的
antitank 反坦克
Expressions
1. in force 有效地；在实施中
The testament is in force. I will join you as soon
as possible.
遗嘱已经生效，我将尽快到你那里去。
This contract shall remain in force for a period of
one year from the date of signature .
本合同自签字之日起一年内有效。
2. get round 顺利应付；克服
By relying on the masses we can get round all
sorts of difficulties.
我们依靠群众就能够克服种种困难。
Tina can always get round her father when she
wants something.
每当蒂娜要想买些东西时，她总是能说服
她父亲。
3. under the name of … 用……的名字；在……的
名字下
They registered at the hotel under the name of
macdonald.
他们以麦克唐纳（麦当劳）的名义在旅馆
登记的。
Instead of using his true name, he sent the
article to the paper under the name of Saki.
他不用真名,而用“沙奇”这个名字投稿。
4. struggle against 与……作斗争
They preferred death to surrender in their
struggle against the enemy.
他们在对敌斗争中宁死不屈。
They will only triumph by persevering in their
struggle against natural calamities.
他们只有坚持向自然灾害作斗争, 才能取
得胜利。
5. stand out 杰出
This way you won’t stand out, and you will
still feel comfortable.
如此着装你便不会太突出，自己还依然
感到舒服。
Important ideas should stand out clearly from
the minor points.
要把重要意思从次要问题中突出出来。
6. in vain 徒然；徒劳
My endeavors to bring about a settlement
were ended in vain.
我想达成和解的努力均归徒然。
In vain he made changes among the politicians
and generals.
他枉费心机地在政界人物和军事将领中间
进行一些人事更动。
7. at length 最后；详细的
At length he managed to get him into a
condition of somnolence.
他终于促使他进入昏昏欲睡的状态。
A soft tap at the door at length announced that
some one was outside.
门上轻轻的剥啄声终于提醒他们外面有人。
8. think ill of 对……评价不高
I feel no embarrassment for those who think ill
of Watts.
有些人把瓦茨想得很坏，我并不因此感
到局促不安。
As I said, I hope you understand and don’t
think ill of me.
如我所说,我希望你们理解,别把我往坏
里想。
Structures
一、独立主格的概念
独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是
由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种
独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词
或词组。
二、独立主格的构成
1.名词／代词＋分词(短语)
(1) He lay at full length upon his stomach, his
head resting upon his left forearm.
他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，
直挺挺地趴伏着。
(2) The coward was backing, his face being
deathly pale, toward another room.
那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。
2. 名词＋形容词(短语)
(1) The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept
out of the hollow wooden horse.
特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木
马里悄悄爬了出来。
(2) The wretched boy, who has recently been
dragged from the forest to scrub floors in the
barracks, is now sweeping away the snow, his
hands numb with cold.
那个可怜的小男孩最近刚刚从森林中被抓
进兵营里打扫地板，现在他正在扫雪，手都冻
麻了。
3. 名词＋副词
(1) This little excitement over, nothing was to be
done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my
mute companion.
一阵小小的兴奋过后，除了再去死死地盯
着我的哑伴外，别无它事可干了。
(2) This intermezzo over, he found himself
surrounded by several stunning, porcelainfaced Japanese women in kimonos.
这曲子过后，他发现自己身处几位穿着和
服并且有着娇好面容的日本女人的包围之中。
4. 名词＋介词短语
(1) The mayor of Hiroshima strode at a leisure
pace toward the puzzled journalist, a bunch of
flowers in his hands.
广岛市市长双手捧着一束鲜花，迈着方步
走向那个迷惑不解的记者。
(2) Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled
past the ramshackle house, a vast load of
firewood on her back.
每天下午，一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人
都会从那间东倒西歪的房屋前蹒跚着走过。
三、独立主格的特点
1. 独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分
词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
2. 这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独
立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主
句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
3. 需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之
间不能使用任何连接词。
四、独立主格的意义
在意义上，名词或代词与后面的部分构成逻
辑上的主谓关系，但在结构上独立，即与主
句不存在句法上的必然联系。现在分词表示主
动，逻辑主语发出动作；过去分词表示被动，
逻辑主语承受动作；分词的完成式表示的动作
在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。
Using Language
Speaking
1. Do you think that female can not do something
which male can do excellent?
2. What’s your opinion about the question after
you read the text?
3. Which female writer do you like best? Why?
4. Retell some of her works to your classmates
and share your feeling with them.
In this case, you will know more things about the
female writer, then, you can find that all men are
equal.
Reading and Writing
"The Canterbury story assembles " be a
Chaucerian United Kingdom writer novel. Work
depicts a group of pilgrim aggregation prepare to
get rid of Canterbury city hadj in one wife and
children of London in the inn. The shopkeeper
people suggests that on passage respectively,
pilgrims say two stories , look at had better who
says in going there and back. Story collection has
included 23 stories , the among them the most
wonderful story has had: Knight's story that the
tragedy story , the Bass woman say, sells the
love that the knight says atoning for the crime
the animal allegory story advising world
allegory story , clergyman to talk , the moving
love that family dispute story , peasant that the
businessman says say that ticket person says
compose in reply generously code of
brotherhood behavior story.
Read the summary of “The Canterbury story
assembles ”, write your own one of your
favourite novel which you have read before.
Summing up
Useful Words
literary, genre, recount, consensus, equality, twist,
contradiction, limitation, heroine, obstacle, ironic,
deception, explicit, hail, revelation, premier,
ambiguous, concession, injustice, eccentric,
merchant, warehouse, burglar, sequence, dangle,
semicircle, squeak, collar, pine, squirrel, romance,
decline, arrogant, enquire, rejoice, hasty, hastily,
sensible
Useful Expressions
I understand how you feel, but…
I perfectly understand…
I think you are right in saying/ thinking/
believing sth.
I understand your concern, but…
Why did you run away?
Why didn’t you…?
What happens if I …?
Why should I …?
What happened to you?
Tell me everything.
I couldn’t bear it any more because…
I was very frightened because…
New Grammar
独立主格结构(the absolute structure)
是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种
独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或
词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分
词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构
与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位
置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，
常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独
立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
高考链接
1. _____
C in the queue for half an hour, Tom
suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at
home. (2004北京)
A. To wait
B. Have waited
C. Having waited
D. To have waited
解析：此题考查动词的-ing形式作时间状语，
因为逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致，所以逻辑
主语Tom省去了。此题可以改为：After Tom
had waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom
suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at
home.
2. _____the
programme, they have to stay there
C
for another two weeks.(2004广东)
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having notcompleted
解析：此题考查动词的-ing形式作原因状
语，因为逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致，所
以逻辑主语they省去了，根据动作的先后关系，
因为先没有完成，所以不得不再呆2周，故用
完成时态。此题可以改为：Because they have
not completed the programme, they have to
stay there for another two weeks.
3. ____wants
to stay in a hotel has to pay their
C
own way. (2008,浙江卷)
A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who
解析：考查主语从句。从选项差别看，改
题考查的方向有两个：一是定语从句，Anyone
和The one后定语从句中缺少主要成分，而作
主语的关系代词在定语从句中式不可省略的，
所以A和B可以排除；“whoever wants to stay
in a hotel”为主语从句，whoever在主要从句中
作主语。因此处含有“无论”的含义而排除D。
Exercises
1．The thief stood before the policeman，
__________
admitting what he had done．
D
A．with his drooping head
B．drooping his head
C．raising his head
D．with his head down
2．__________
，he can't go out for a walk as
A
usual．
A．With so much work to do
B．With so much work doing
C．With so much work done
D．Without so much work to do
3．It’s quite strange that the man sleeps with
his mouth __________
and his eyes
A
__________ ．
A．closed；open
B．closed；opened
C．closing；open
D．closing；opening
4．All things __________
，the plan trip will
B
have to be called off．
A．be considered
B．considered
C．considering
D．having considering
5．__________
，we have to get down to
C
business right away．
A．As there was no time left
B．There is no time left
C．There being no time left
D．There to be no time left
6．__________
yesterday，we went out for a
C
walk．
A．As a fine day
B．It was a fine day
C．It being a fine day
D．For it was a fine day
7．The old man stood there，__________
．
B
A．with back against the wall
B．with his back against the wall
C．with back against wall
D．his back against wall
8. _____,
I had to buy a new one.
B
A. My dictionary losing
B. My dictionary having been lost
C. My dictionary had been lost
D. Because my dictionary lost
9. I used to sleep with the window _____.
B
A. opened B. open C. opening D to open