Transcript Emotion and Developmental Psychology
Michael Hoerger
Emotion
Emotion
Affect (af-ekt): the psychologist’s word for emotion, especially outwardly expressed emotion Preference for particular affects varies across people and situations Experts disagree on basic categories
Positive and Neutral Affects
+ Interest + Enjoyment Surprise
Negative Affect
Sadness Fear Anger Shame Disgust
Shame
Shame: Feeling of one’s self as bad Commonly misunderstood Embarrassment: Shame in the presence of others Guilt: Feeling that one’s actions are bad Most important negative affect?
When do we experience shame?
Shame Clips
Waiting Weatherman Billy Madison Tommy Boy Seinfeld Who Wants To Be A Millionaire National Anthem
Universal Shame Activators
Looking in the mirror Making mistakes Strangers Others’ shame Success Parents/authority After becoming angry Feeling needy/insecure
Shame-binds
Due to behaviorist principles, we learn to associate emotions with various stimuli For example, shame can become associated with other emotions, drives, or interpersonal needs
Affect-shame Binds
Some people experience shame any time expressing certain (or all) affects Anger-shame bind: “You don’t raise your voice at me” Sadness-shame bind: “We don’t cry in this family” Enjoyment-shame bind: “Wipe that smile off your face”
Drive-Shame Binds
Shame can become attached to basic drives, such as hunger, sex, etc.
Shame associated with: Sex, sexuality, sex before marriage, masturbation, eating, drinking, urinating
Need-shame Binds
Shame can also be bound to interpersonal needs: Relationships Touching/holding Identification Differentiation Being nurtured Affirmation Power
Self-esteem
Low self-esteem: Shame bound to the key aspects of one’s identity Shame bound to: Personality traits, physical appearance, gender, race/ethnicity, religion, sexuality, occupation, income, past mistakes, activities
Erikson & Shame
Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generation vs. Stagnation Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Tools
Collecting Happiness: 5 things that made you smile or feel happy Collecting Adequacy/Pride: 5 things that you accomplished or made you feel proud “Dynamics of Power: Fighting Shame and Building Self-Esteem” (1991) by Gershen Kaufman, $5 used on Amazon.com
Michael Hoerger To cite this lecture: Hoerger, M. (2007, January 31). Emotion and Developmental Psychology University.
. Presented at a PSY 220 lecture at Central Michigan