Transcript Flying the Weather - Ascension

Communication and ATC
“Breaker, Breaker One Nine, we have a
problem”
“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”
Roadmap
VHF Communication Equipment
Radio Operations at uncontrolled
fields
Radio Operations at controlled fields
Lost Communications Procedures
VHF Communication Equipment
VHF Range
 118 – 135.975 MHz
Limited to line of Sight
 Buildings, terrain, or curvature of the earth block
radio waves
Antennas
Military - UHF
Using the Radio
Professional Phraseology (AIM Pilot
Controller Glossary)
 No Slang, CB Jargon, ETC.
 Brief transmissions
State who, where, and what
English recommended by ICAO
(International Civil Aviation Organization)
 If not official language – state must make it
available
Phonetic Alphabet
Using the Radio (cont’d)
Numbers
“Niner”
Decimal point – (135.4)
N – Numbers
Combination of five letters and numbers
All registered U.S. aircraft begin with
“N”
Numbers on Radio
Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC)
 24 Hour clock system
 International standard
time (Zulu Time)
 Places entire world on
one standard time
zone
 Greenwich Mean Time
(GMT)
 If it is 1300 local in
South Bend, what time
is it in Greenwich?
Time Conversion Table
To Convert From:
To UTC (Zulu)
Eastern Standard Time
Add 5 Hours
Central Standard Time
Add 6 Hours
Mountain Standard Time
Add 7 Hours
Pacific Standard Time
Add 8 Hours
NOTE: For daylight time, subtract 1 hour
from the conversion time before
converting to UTC (Zulu).
Radio Procedures at Uncontrolled Fields
CTAF (Common Traffic Advisory
Frequency)
Receive Airport Advisories
Activate Pilot Control Lighting
Found in AF/D (Airport Facilities Directory)
Self – Announced Broadcasting of
Intentions
 Not required, but good practice
UNICOM
Privately Owned – not official
CTAF will be designated Unicom
Request:
Airport Advisory
Winds / Active Runway
Known Traffic
Services (ex. Fueling, Cab, Pizza)
Airport Advisory Area
FSS (Flight Service Station) on the
Field
Extends 10 sm
FSS contacted on CTAF (123.6)
Wind direction
Favored runway
Traffic pattern information
Self – Announcing Procedures
 Announce on
CTAF/UNICOM
 Use MULTICOM (122.9
MHz) only if there is no
tower, FSS, or
CTAF/UNICOM
 MULTICOM provides
air-to-air
communications for
pilots to self –
announce position
and intentions
CTAF Procedures
Initial call made 10 miles from airport
Use airport’s name at the beginning and
end of transmission
Report entering traffic pattern
Report departing the traffic pattern
 Communicate on CTAF taxi and departure
intentions
Use CTAF when maneuvering (in traffic
pattern)
Enroute / Overflight
Radio Procedure at Controlled Fields
Airspace?
ATC Facilities
(1) - Clearance Delivery
2 - Ground Control
3 - Control Tower
(4) - Departure / Approach Control
Departure Procedures
Controlled Airports
Receive clearance to taxi, takeoff, and
subsequently leave airspace
At large airports with heavy traffic
departure procedures can be
complex
ATIS (automated terminal
information service)
Clearance Delivery
Air Traffic Control Clearance
Authorization by ATC for you to proceed
under specific traffic condition within
controlled airspace
Prevent collisions
Must read back all clearances
Used for VFR flights in Class B and
Class C.
Always for IFR flights
Ground Control
ATC function
Directing movement of aircraft and
other vehicles on the airport surface
Must have clearance to operate on
surface
Progressive Taxi
At unfamiliar airports the controller will,
upon request, provide you with detailed
taxi instructions to where you want to
go
May be in stages
Control Tower
Takeoff/Landing
Clearance
“Taxi into position
and hold”
“Hold Short”
Specific heading
and turns after
takeoff
Departure Control
Provide radar
coverage and
sequencing of
aircraft
Radar Contact
 Aircraft identified by
ATC and flight
following will be
provided
Flight Following
 Controller observing
your progress while
you provide your own
navigation
Approach Control
 ATC function which
provides sequencing
and separation
services for inbound
aircraft
 Frequencies are
published on
sectionals and
broadcasted over
ATIS
 Multiple freqs for large
airports
Lost Comms Procedures
Can lose communications and still land at
an airport with operating control tower
Procedures:
 Squawk 7600 (transponder code)
 Determine flow of traffic
 Join the traffic pattern and maintain visual
contact with control tower to receive light gun
signals
 Acknowledge tower transmission by rocking
wings (daytime) or blinking your landing light
(night)
Light Gun Signals
Color
Type
Ground
Air
Steady
Cleared for Takeoff
Cleared to Land
Flashing
Cleared to Taxi
Return for Landing
Steady
Stop
Give way &
continue to circle
Flashing
Clear Area of
Landing
Airport Unsafe, Do
Not Land
Flashing
Return to Start
N/A
Alternating
Exercise Extreme
Caution
Exercise Extreme
Caution
Sequence of Events
“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”
Uncontrolled Field
Departing
ASOS
Announce:
Taxi (for takeoff)
Departing
Takeoff
Traffic Pattern
Clear of Airport
Arriving
ASOS
Announce:
 10NM out
Intentions
 5NM out
Entrance to pattern
 Traffic Pattern
Entering
Turning Legs
 Exiting Runway
 Taxiing to parking
Class B & C
Departing
ATIS
Clearance Delivery
Ground
Tower
Departure
Arriving
ATIS
Approach
Tower
Ground
Class D & E*
Departing
ATIS
Ground
Tower
Arriving
ATIS
Tower
Ground
* Towered Class E is extremely rare, but does exist
Example
“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”
ATIS
“South Bend airport information Kilo, 2153
zulu weather. Winds 240 @ 12. Visibility
7. Sky conditions, overcast 2,700.
Temperature 12, dewpoint 9. Altimeter
29.87. Landing and departing runways
27L and 27R. Notice to airman, there is a
100 foot crane located 2NM off the
departure end of 27R. Taxiway Lima is
closed for construction. Advise on initial
contact you have information Kilo.”
Clearance Delivery
N22ND: South Bend Clearance, N22ND.
Clearance: N22ND, South Bend Clearance.
N22ND: Clearance, 2ND would like to depart VFR to
the east heading 090, 3,500, information Kilo.
Clearance: N2ND, squawk 4316, departure
frequency 118.55, maintain VFR at or below 2,500
until advised.
N22ND: Squawk 4316, departure frequency 118.55,
maintain VFR at or below 2,500 until advised,
2ND.
Clearance: N2ND, read back correct.
Ground Control
N22ND: Ground, N22ND is at Corporate
Wings, ready for VFR taxi.
Ground: N2ND, taxi to runway 27R.
N22ND: Taxi to 27R, 2ND.
Tower Control
N22ND: Tower, 2ND is ready for takeoff at 27R.
Tower: N2ND, taxi into position and hold runway
27R.
N22ND: 27R, taxi into position and hold, 2ND.
Tower: N2ND, after departure turn right heading 070,
maintain 2,500. Runway 27R, cleared for takeoff.
N22ND: Turn right heading 070, 2,500, cleared for
takeoff 27R, 2ND.
~~
Tower: N2ND, contact departure, have a nice flight.
N22ND: Switching to departure, 2ND.
Departure Control
N22ND: South Bend Departure, N22ND, passing
1,200 for 2,500.
Departure: N22ND, climb and maintain 3,500, fly
heading 080.
N22ND: Climb and maintain 3,500, heading 080,
2ND.
~~
Departure: N2ND, traffic 3:00, 5 miles, northbound
3,000 feet.
N22ND: Traffic in sight, 2ND.
Departure: N2ND, proceed on course.
N22ND: Proceed on course, 2ND.
Any Questions?