Transcript Comparative Study of Jet
Comparative Study of Jet-Quenching Schemes
Working towards a unified approach in Jet-modification
A. Majumder, Duke University
Thanks to: N. Armesto, S. Bass, C. Gale, S. Jeon, C. Loizides, G. Moore, B. Muller, T. Renk, C. Salgado, S. Turbide, I. Vitev, U. Wiedemann, X. N. Wang.
OUTLINE
A brief history & time-line
Four schemes in four dimensions!
A comparison of extremes
A meeting ground (finding agreement)
Going beyond R AA , Space-time Profiles.
Phenomenological extensions (jet correlations)
Comprehending the landscape @ RHIC
Braaten, Pisarski HTL 1990
History, 1990 and after!!
Qiu, Sterman Higher twist 1991 GW model 1994 Aurenche, et.al.
q
Enhancement 1998 BDMPS-Zakharov 1997 Luo, Qiu, Sterman A enhancement, 1994 AMY 2001 Wiedemann 2000 GLV 2000 Guo, Wang Modified fragmentation 2000 Turbide, Jeon, Gale, - AMY 2005 ASW 2004 Wang,Wang, Zhang, Majumder HT-2002-2005 Renk,2005 Eskola, Honkanen PQM 2004-05 DGLV-2005
Q
2
Classify using scales in the problem
m 2 •
E Details of Medium
E >> Q,
m
x=E
g
/E
Difference between schemes
m
2
m
i
2
q
ˆ
i L
relation between Q and
m •
Extending schemes beyond pQCD with models
Higher Twist Approach, E >> Q >>
m • A medium with a color correlation length l << L • Highly VIRTUAL parton produced in hard collision • Parton picks up FEW SMALL transverse kicks
~
m 2 • Expand diagrams in m/ Q, transverse kick in • Formal similarity with DGLAP evolution 0 F T • Interference between diagrams leads to LPM suppression X. Guo, X. N. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85:3591 (2000); X. N. Wang, X. Guo, Nucl. Phys. A. A696:788, (2001); E. Wang, X. N. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett.87, 142301,(2001); ibid 89 162301 (2002); B. Zhang, X.N.Wang, Nucl.Phys. A720:429-451,2003 . • Entire effort is calculating the modification of D(z) • E-Loss estimate or gluon radiation intensity not needed to get spectra • Extract length enhanced contributions ( m 2 / Q 2 )L • Modification looks like DGLAP X factor L m • Medium of heavy (static) scattering centers with Yukawa like potentials • Parton picks up transverse kicks ~ m 2 • Operator formalism that sums order by order in opacity • Approximate gluon x 0 (soft gluons), ignore spins ! n L l g • Interference between different diagrams leads to the LPM effect and the L 2 length dependence of E-loss. = q n , a n z n z n q n , a n + q n , a n z n q n , a n + z n q n , a n q n , a n M. Gyulassy, P. Levai, I. Vitev, Nucl.Phys.B571:197,2000; Phys.Rev.Lett.85:5535,2000; Nucl.Phys.B594:371,2001; Phys. Lett.B538:282-288,2002. • Central quantity: radiated gluon intensity, per emission! • Gives direct measure of E-loss • Jet loses energy in multiple tries • To get Hadrons, need to get distribution of E-loss: P(E) P n n i n 1 e d dN d d i dN d ( i ) i n 1 i E jet • Used to calculate the energy shifted fragmentation function D med 2 ) 0 1 d P 1 1 D vac z 1 , Q 2 • • • • m~ Medium of heavy (static) scattering centers with Yukawa potentials Parton picks up perp. momentum from kicks in medium Path-integral in opacity Two simple limits of calculation n L l g a) Few hard scatterings (GLV ) b) Many soft scatterings (BDMPS) L 2 + + U. Wiedemann, Nucl. Phys. B.582, 409 (2000); ibid. 588, 303 (2000), Nucl. Phys. A.690 (2001); C. Salgado, U. Wiedemann, Phys.Rev. D. 68 014008 (2003); K. Eskola, H. Honkanen, C. Salgado, U. Wiedemann, Nucl. Phys. A.747, 511(2005); N. Armesto, C. Salgado, U. Wiedemann, Phys.Rev.D.72,064910 (2005). • • Central quantity: radiated gluon intensity, per emission Gives direct measure of E-loss • To get Hadrons, need to get distribution of E-loss: P(E) and use that to get a fragmentation function m>> • • • • • • Hot thermal medium of quarks and gluons at T T ∞ implies g 0 ∞ Hard parton comes in onshell E ~ T Picks up multiple soft hits, m ~ gT from hard particles of ~ T The hard lines never go off-shell by more than g 2 T Long formation time leads to multiple scattering P. Arnold, G. Moore, L. Yaffe, JHEP 0111:057,2001; ibid 0112:009,2001 ; ibid. 0206:030, 2002; S. Jeon, G. Moore Phys. Rev. C71:034901,2005; S.Turbide, C.Gale, S. Jeon, G. Moore, Phys. Rev. C72:014906,2005. • One calculates the cuts of infinite series of ladder diagrams • Gives rates of change of quark and gluon distributions Im • The shifted distributions are used to get the medium D , c modified fragmentation function ( z , Q ; r , n ) dp f z z ' P q q / c p f ; p i D / q P g / c p f ; p i D / q AA q=5-15GeV 2 /fm • ASW with fixed path length 6fm gives similar qhat as GLV • Introducing realistic geometry gives mean path length = 2 fm • R D E)=q L 2 , if L L/3, q 9q (non-reweighted) PQM q ˆ 2. 5 G . 1 q=1GeV 2 /fm AA max 2 2 2 •T ∞ Path Integral Opacity, (ASW) Medium made of heavy scattering centers Infinite number of scatterings resummed Medium scale m , a s small, Medium sampled with FF, Recursive Operator Opacity, (GLV), Finite number of scattering, Medium made of heavy scattering centers Large Q makes a s small Finite number of scattering Large Q m makes a s small, Similar models different q-hat Different models Medium scale ~ T a s small Jet scale ~ Q AMY based on Hard Thermal Loops: An effective theory of soft modes in a very hot plasma , (Braaten, Pisarski 1990) Alternate picture, A Vlasov theory of hard particles in soft fields, (Blaizot, Iancu 1992) Medium enhanced higher twist isolates near on-shell propagation in large nuclei Mean transverse momentum shift k T 2 4 2 a N c 2 S C R 1 L ds F m , a ( s ) F m , a ( 0 ) R. Fries Phys. Rev. D. 68,074013,2003 X. Guo, Phys. Rev. D. 58, 114033,1998 Propagation of a colored particle in a color field with a short distance correlation , Langevin Eqn with a lorentz force . dk T ( t ) gQ a ( E a v B a ) dt Fields have short correlation lengths Mean transverse momentum shift k T 2 4 2 a N c 2 S C R 1 L ds F m ( s ) F m ( 0 ) But radiation vertex is slightly different H-T has two kinds of contributions Original parton comes out of Off shell-ness generated later by hard scattering off shell multiple scattering And interferences First set of diagrams missing in AMY, but has multiple scattering contributions to second type How important is this difference? will need to look at differential observables Differentiating between Model differences with differential observables (More data)! • Jet-medium and multi-particle correlations • Settle questions of scheme • Phenomenological extensions to lower momenta • Use jets to probe bulk dynamics • And Microscopic degrees of freedom • Understanding q-hat is understanding the medium . • How does the medium: stop jets, turn jets, distribute lost energy Q-hat depends on space-time profile of density • Set a q-hat maximum • Modulate with space-time profile • Azimuthally dependent R AA can distinguish A. Majumder, nucl-th/0608043 • Flow can confuse the difference • Need many observables in tandem to set the gluon density • Like R AA vs centrality and back-to – back dihadrons Central events can give the same answer by adjusting qhat but actual dynamics is different, Renk!, see talk in 1.3 Q-hat is a tensor Non-Isotropic medium q ˆ a non-isotropic q-hat k T a L k • Imagine large turbulent magnetic fields produced early in plasma • B fields are transverse to the beam • • • Will deflect jets, preferentially out to large rapidities Near side correlations in h effected !! Q-hat not just from entropy carrying degrees of freedom T B See talk by M. Strickland Lead to the formation of an extended ridge on the near side AM, B. Muller, S. Bass,hep-ph/0611135 Au+Au 0-10% preliminary • Note: broadening only in eta and not in phi • Introducing a transverse momentum into the Yukawa potential or directional q-hat – ASW • GLV- no broadening, only shift !! Talks by M. Calderon, J. Putschke How does lost energy show up in bulk matter Jet correlations • Correlate a hard hadron with a another one • Hard-Hard correlations understood within p-QCD, Consistency check ! Same side Away side Majumder Renk T Also understood within pure NLO jet-quenching schemes, Higher twist calculations, NLO hard part, Full geometry Vitev, LO See talk by H. Z. Zhang, Parallel 2.2 Low pT on the away side, Mach-Cherenkov-Gluon Brem. cone • More theory that you would ever want! Cassalderry-Solana Renk & Ruppert • Including flow is better for Mach cone explanation Alternate explanations still persist and have not • Cherenkov radiation, • V. Koch, AM, X-N. Wang been ruled out Regular Gluon radiation with Sudakov form factor for no emissions! A. Polosa, C. Salgado • Not a two state problem, but more complicated ! • Not a deflected jet! From 3 particle correlations (talk by C. Pruneau), progress.. Conclusions • Jet-modification in dense matter (Well motivated and unsettled) • Different schemes, using similar physics • Differences in implementation (must be resolved!!) • Multi-particle correlations to high p T • Model extensions at lower p T. • Explore the space-time profile of the medium • Explore the many dimensions of q-hat • Need more data, need more statistics! Topics left out: Heavy-quarks, elastic energy loss, • Preliminary Comparing different ST profiles at most central events E loss formulae! D E ASW a s C R 4 n 0 m 2 L 2 log E / m D E GLV What is D AA D AA ( z T ) p T trig dE T d dE T dE T d d / dp T asso / dp T trig dp T trig D d ( dE T p E trig T T D ( ) D ( p T trig ) E T p T asso ) E T T trig AA • ASW,PQM Dainese, talk at PANIC05 How can such fundamentally different physics produce equally good description of data???, B. Cole QM2005, problem weirder than you think! • GLV and ASW are very similar in basic structure ( different qhat ) • Difference in implementation, Geometry! • AMY and HT have truly different origins ( similar qhat ) • How can they yield similar physics ??? • Deeper similarity between AMY and HT. • Within the approximation schemes, they may be similar physics • Look at Basic theory without radiation in HT and AMYGLV, Recursive Operator in Opacity E >> Q ~
ASW, Path integral in Opacity E>>
Q
AMY-Finite temperature field theory approach, E>>
Q
,
Comparing Results for R
: GLV vs ASW
Comparing Results for R
: HT vs AMY • q-hat
= 3-4 GeV
/fm •
/fm •
/fm at T = 370 MeV
The model landscape!
High p
on away side, differential
Back up!
z
= p/p
The results! Simplest thing R