Transcript The Cuyahoga County Juvenile Offender Reentry Program: A
Characteristics and Outcomes of an Innovative Ohio Juvenile Offender Reentry Program (ORP-J)
David Hussey & Rodney Thomas
, Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University
Karl Cetina
, Director of Cuyahoga County Juvenile TASC, Catholic Charities Services
Gina Mazzone
, Catholic Charities Services
Magistrate Terease Neff,
Cuyahoga County Juvenile Court
Ian Fraser
, Regional Administrator, Ohio Department of Youth Services
Abstract
The purpose of this workshop is to describe and discuss the components of an innovative juvenile offender reentry program, and explore the relationship between client characteristics, program factors, and individual outcomes related to criminal offending, mental health, and substance abuse.
RECLAIM
• Funds over 610 direct service programs throughout the State • Prevention, diversion, community based treatment, and residential treatment • Touch nearly 110,000 youth who never reach our doors ACCOMPLISHMENTS • Created a network of community-based alternatives to incarceration • Youth arrest and crime rates continue to fall • Reduced the county’s and state’s over-reliance on confinement
National Trends – Number of persons under age 21 detained, incarcerated, or placed in residential facilities (1997-2010) 120 000 110 000 105 055 107 493 104 219 100 000 96 531 92 721 90 000 86 814 80 000 70 000 70 792 60 000 50 000 1997 1999 2001 2003 2006 2007 2010
DYS Admissions 2004-2011
(ODYS Deputy Director Dies, JDAI Inter-Site Conference, 4/26/12)
National Trends – Rate of persons under age 21 detained, incarcerated, or placed in residential facilities (1997-2010) 400 350 300 356 329 355 344 344 335 316 306 320 295 339 278 250 225 227 200 150 100 United States Ohio 1997 1999 2001 2003 2006 2007 2010
2012 Cuyahoga - Documented Weapon Use
Unk 23% Yes 42% No 35%
2012 Cuyahoga - Need for Substance Abuse Services
(JASAE) Severe 59% None 24% Mild 9% Mod 8%
Cuyahoga County DYS Youth Profile
• Male: 95% • Immediate Family Member Incarcerated: 51% – 25% unknown • Youth Confirmed as Parents: 12% • Special Education Status: 39% • Prior Mental Health Treatment: 76% • DYS Mental Health Caseload: 57% – Males: 55% – Females: 100% – Currently on Psychotropics: 54%
Current Challenges
(Columbus Dispatch, The Ohio Model, 1/10/13) “Ohio now spends $38 million less than it did three years ago. One-year recidivism rates (kids who reoffended) dropped to under 23 percent.
That’s the lowest in nine years. More-compassionate punishment isn’t signaling to kids that they can get away with delinquent behavior; instead, it’s redeeming them: Ohio led the nation with the largest drop — a 74 percent plunge — in violent juvenile crime between 1995 and 2010.
The state has closed more than half of its youth prisons since 2007. The number of incarcerated youths has dropped from 2,000 to about 500. But this has left the state institutions with a core of truly incorrigible kids…Gangs are prevalent, teaching conditions are poor, and youth aren’t getting enough help for mental illnesses. Currently, 52 percent of all youths are on the mental-health caseload; 91% of the girls are. More than half require special-education services.”
ORP & TASC: Challenges and Opportunities • Treatment Accountability for Safer Communities (TASC) • Offender Reentry Project (ORP-J): Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) – Pre-Release: Engagement, Evidence-Based Assessment, Planning & Services – Post Release: Tx Dosage; Retention; MET/CBT5; Comprehensive Case Management; Relapse Prevention; Dual Disorder Awareness and Intervention – Reentry Court – Establish effective partnerships and coalitions
TASC Clinical Case Management Model • Referral • Screening or Clinical Assessment • Recommendations & Service Planning • Service Referrals, Linkage, & Placement • Monitoring, Reporting (Service Plan Adjustments) • Termination
TASC Advantages • Timely assessments • Greater treatment retention • Improves client readiness • Provides additional services
Pre-Release: Evidence-Based Assessments • Ohio Youth Assessment System (OYAS) • Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN)
Pre-Release: Ohio Youth Risk Assessment System - OYAS • Based on risk, need, responsivity principles • Low, moderate, high risk categories • Multiple versions & domains
ORP-J Population Description
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Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN)
• GAIN Background • Assessment • Client Profiles
– Demographic – Criminal – Substance Abuse – Mental Health – Victimization
• N=139 (total number of client records) – 100% male – 78% African American, 10% multiracial, 6% Caucasian, 2% any Hispanic, 1% other – Average age= 17 years (range=13-20) • 139 administered GAIN at intake – 101 with 3-month GAIN – 77 with 6-month GAIN – 33 with 12-month GAIN 18
ORP-J Client Race (N=139)
Hispanic 2% Caucasian\ White 6% Multiracial 14% Other 1% African American\Bl ack 77%
ORP-J Client Age (N=139)
18+ years 43% Less than 15 years 2% 15-17 years 55%
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Substance Use Past 90-Days in the Community (N=139)
35 13 8 36 Got Drunk or High Kept from Meeting Responsibilities Used Alcohol Used Marijuana 21
ORP Lifetime Substance Severity (N=139) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 9% No Use 25% Use 20% Abuse 14% 31% Dependence Physiological Dependence
Lifetime Substance Use Characteristics at Baseline (N=139)
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 41% 44% 35% Given up activites b/c of AOD Fights/Troubles b/c AOD AOD caused problems w/law 51% Hide AOD use 54% 33% Other complain about AOD use Used AOD where unsafe 23
Past Year Internalizing Problems (N=139) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 17% Any Past Year Internalizing Disorder 11% 9% 5% 1% Major Depression Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Suicidal Thoughts or Actions Traumatic Distress Disorder
Past Year Externalizing Problems (N=139) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 55% Any Past Year Externalizing Disorder 35% Conduct Disorder 42% Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Past Year Co-Occurring Internalizing and Externalizing Problems (N=139) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 41% Neither 42% 4% Externalizing only Internalizing only 12% Both
Lifetime Victimization (N=139) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 54% Any history of victim. or current worries 52% 22% Lifetime History of Victimization High Levels of Victimization
Violence and Illegal Activity (N=139) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 86% 78% Any Violence or Illegal Activity Acts of Physical Violence 46% Any Illegal Activity 31% 25% 14% Property crimes Interpersonal crimes Drug related crimes
ReCAPP Structure • Phase I: Begins Pre-Release – TASC worker meetings; Forward Thinking Curriculum; Magistrate specifies 1-2 Phase 2 tasks.
• Phase 2: Focus on Basic Reentry Goals; Magistrate specifies 1-2 tasks & issues rewards or sanctions; promote to level 3 (or team if not successful in 60 days).
• Phase 3: Begins when basic reentry goals attained; maintain Phase 2 progress; Magistrate specifies 1-2 tasks & issues rewards or sanctions.
– 6 month parole period = early discharge at 4 months – 9 month parole period = early discharge at 6-7 months
Forward Thinking
Pre-Release: ORP Flow
Youth receives OYAS Risk Assessment at CCJC prior to commitment. Youth identified at Reception as ORP-J candidate and given further screen/assessment. Youth agrees to be involved in ORP-J and transferred to CHJCF or IRJCF ODYS site Social Worker (SW) primary liaison with Juvenile TASC ORP-J Case Manager, Reentry Coordinator, PO from Cleveland Region. Formal Staffing meeting with youth/family may lead to referral to TASC and Reentry Court (REC); 16-week Cognitive Behavioral Forward Thinking Curriculum Final Staffing (30 days prior to release) for reentry plan (Unified Case Plan – UCP) and Reentry Court (REC) start date; GAIN-I Assessment & OYAS completed
Post Release: ORP Flow
Within 24 hours of the youth’s release to the community, the youth reports to the Juvenile Parole Officer (JPO). At this face-to-face meeting, all community stakeholders participate. TASC continues with weekly case management services back in the community for six months post-release.
Phase one of Re-Entry Court (REC) begins on the 2 necessary sanctions. Weekly drug screens begin.
nd or 4th Monday of the month. ORP-J Youth, Parent(s), JPO, TASC Case Manager, and other relevant stakeholders collaborate in order to administer appropriate incentives and The Juvenile Parole Officer maintains weekly contact with ORP-J Youth and monitors collateral services with TASC case manager and family. The GAIN Assessment, completed in the pre-release phase, helps to determine appropriate level of care.
TASC Case Manager assists youth with engaging and following through with a minimum of 5 weekly
MET/CBT-5
individual treatment sessions in non-intensive outpatient at Catholic Charities Services, and providing family sessions as needed .
Post Release Components • Parole supervision & monitoring • Drug screening • Reentry Court • Case management • Level of care services • MET/CBT-5
Case Study #1
Results
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Changes in Criminal Activity 3-Month Follow-Up (n=101)
5 4 3 2 1 0 1,6 0,5 General Crime Intake 3-Month 0,6 0,2 Property Crime 0,5 0,1 Interpersonal Crime 0,2 0,1 Drug Crime
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Changes in Criminal Activity 6-Month Follow-Up (n=77)
5 4 3 2 1 0 1,7 0,3 General Crime 0,6 0,2 Property Crime 0,5 0,1 Interpersonal Crime 0,2 0,0 Drug Crime Intake 6-Month
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Changes in Criminal Activity 12-Month Follow-Up (n=33)
5 4 3 2 1 0 1,9 0,1 General Crime 0,7 0,1 Property Crime 0,7 0,0 Interpersonal Crime 0,2 0,0 Drug Crime Intake 12-Month
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Changes in Substance Use 3-Month Follow-Up (n=94)
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4,1 0,7 Average days got drunk 37,9 7,9 Average days smoked marijuana Intake 3-Month
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Changes in Substance Use 6-Month Follow-Up (n=54)
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 3,2 0,4 Average days got drunk 34,9 8,4 Average days smoked marijuana Intake 6-Month
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Changes in Substance Use 12-Month Follow-Up (n=25)
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4,0 0,6 Average days got drunk 34,8 5,5 Average days smoked marijuana Intake 3-Month
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14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Changes in Conduct Disorder 3-Month Follow-Up (n=101)
Intake 3-Month 2,7 1,5 Conduct Disorder Symptoms
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14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Changes in Conduct Disorder 6-Month Follow-Up (n=77)
Intake 6-Month 2,7 1,3 Conduct Disorder Symptoms
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14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Changes in Conduct Disorder 12-Month Follow-Up (n=33)
Intake 3-Month 3,3 1,0 Conduct Disorder Symptoms
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14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Changes in Traumatic Stress Levels 3-Month Follow-Up (n=100)
Intake 3-Month 1,2 0,9 Traumatic Stress Levels
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14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Changes in Traumatic Stress Levels 6-Month Follow-Up (n=76)
Intake 6-Month 1,5 0,5 Traumatic Stress Levels
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14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Changes in Traumatic Stress Levels 12-Month Follow-Up (n=33)
Intake 12-Month 1,9 0,2 Traumatic Stress Levels
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14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Changes in Behavior Complexity 3-Month Follow-Up (n=101)
9,9 6,5 Intake 3-Month Behavior Complexity Levels
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14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Changes in Behavior Complexity 6-Month Follow-Up (n=77)
9,9 6,8 Intake 6-Month Behavior Complexity Levels
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14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Changes in Behavior Complexity 12-Month Follow-Up (n=33)
11,7 5,5 Intake 12-Month Behavior Complexity Levels
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Conclusions, 1 12-month Outcomes
(
For the subset of 33 individuals with 12-month GAIN data
) • Significant decreases in alcohol and marijuana use.
• Significant deceases in criminal activity, including property, interpersonal, and drug crime.
• Significant decreases in conduct disorders.
• Significant decreases in behavior complexity.
• Significant decreases in traumatic stress levels.
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Implications & Limitations • Effective reentry program designs (e.g., best practices/EBPs; behavioral criminogenic focus; etc.) must integrate an implementation science focus • Particularly salient program features: – Early Engagement: Motivation; therapeutic relationship; retention & dosage – Continuity, Coordination, & Comprehensiveness of Care: Structure; evidence-based programming; consistency of staff, monitoring, communication (messaging); and coordination • Limitations: Attrition; lack of control/comparison group
Karl M. Cetina MPA, LICDC-CS
President of the Ohio TASC Association Director of Juvenile TASC for Cuyahoga County Catholic Charities, Diocese of Cleveland 3135 Euclid Avenue- Cleveland, Ohio 44115 Phone: 216-391-2064 ext. 13 [email protected]
Gina Mazzone
LSW, MSW, LCDC III Catholic Charities 3135 Euclid Ave Cleveland, OH 44115 [email protected]
Thank you…
David Hussey, PhD.
Rodney Thomas, M.A.
The Begun Center for Violence Prevention Research & Education Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences Case Western Reserve University 11402 Bellflower Road Cleveland, Ohio 44106 Ph: 216-368-3162 [email protected]
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