Transcript The First Americans – AH
The First Americans
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Themes
Origins of Native Americans in Western Hemisphere Diversity of lifestyle Changing nature of Indian societies before European contact
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands Mississippian Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Location
Southwest Mesoamerica Pacific Northwest Mississippian Iroquois
Food Source Dwellings Interesting Facts
Native Americans and Origins
Many anthropologists and historians agree humans lived in North American about 35,000 BC How did they arrive…?
Bering Land Bridge
Map of Bering Land Bridge
Locations of Selected Native American Peoples, 1500 AD
Farming
Access to food = key Agricultural Origins 8000 B.C. Middle East 5000 B.C. Western Hemisphere
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Major Mesoamerican Cultures
Aztecs Mayans Incas
Major Mesoamerican Cultures (Aztecs)
Became dominant power by 1400s Capitals = Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000 (bigger than a city in Europe)
Religion
Polytheistic (The worship of many gods) Aztec honored over 200 deities
Aztecs
Became dominant power by 1400s Capitals = Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000 (bigger than an city in Europe) Still expanding their empire in early 1500s
Aztec Agriculture
Farming - Irrigation network created fertile cropland and access to fresh water
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Major Southwest Cultures
Anasazi Hohokam Mogollon
Southwest Civilization
Know for its dry climate but farming was important Chaco Canyon was a center for trade Constructed mud block structure and cities
Southwest Cultures
Anasazi culture declined by 12 13 th levels dropped.
th and centuries as rain Large communities most likely dissolved into smaller tribes and bands Hohokam and Mogollon cultures persist to this day
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest
Bark: used for clothing, baskets, etc.
When softened it could be fashioned into diapers for babies Lumber: Canoes, homes (longhouses), etc.
Longhouses were very large: 100 x 40 ft
Pacific Northwest Seafood/Salmon
Hunter/gatherers Seafood was the foundation of their diet Fish could be caught in many way Fish were preserved by drying and smoking Key = Abundance Clams, crabs, and other shellfish were eaten Whales were hunted in some areas
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Mississippian
Mississippian
Mississippian culture emerged about 700 AD Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis
Cahokia Mounds
Covered about 125 sq miles 20,000 residents Built platform mounds Served as temples and homes for chiefs
Mississippian
Mississippian culture emerged about 700 AD Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis After 1200 it entered a period of decline
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Iroquois
Iroquois: A Confederation of Five Separate Tribes
Confederation of tribes that number around 10,000 total Mohawks Oneidas Onondagas Cayugas Senecas
Political Structure
Council Government Each tribe in confederacy sent delegates/representatives to council meetings
Iroquois Society
Homes = Longhouses 25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length Several families would live in each longhouse Property was owned communally Division of labor between men/women: Men: hunted/fished; warriors Women: farmed and gathered A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products
Iroquois Society
Homes = Longhouses 25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length Several families would live in each longhouse Property was owned communally Division of labor between men/women: Men: hunted/fished; warriors Women: farmed and gathered A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products
Women in Iroquois Society
Descent was matrilineal; Husband moved into home of wife’s family houses were headed by women Women could divorce their husbands Women selected all delegates to the Iroquois Council and influenced policy
New England
New England
Northern New England Hunter-gathers: Very Mobile Spring and summer lived near coasts; moved inland for fall and winter to hunt game animals 15,000-20,000 population in 1600 Southern New England Hunted and Farmed (at times up to 2/3 of diet) 55,000-80,000 population in 1600
Farming Methods
Fields were cleared by girdling and with fire “Three Sisters” of agriculture Corn, beans, and squash were planted together Corn drew Nitrogen Beans added Nitrogen Farming had a major impact on the environment
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Review
Origins of Native Americans Tremendous differences among Indian Peoples Compare and contrast life; what ere some important traits of people living in different regions?
Source
http://college.cen
gage.com/history/l ecturepoints/part0 1_lecture01/part01 _lecture01.html
• Southwest Present day Mexico Longhouses • Mesoameric a Longhouses Confederacy of Five Tribes in New York • Pacific Northwest Built Mound Platforms Near present day St. Louis • Mississippian Matrilineal Society Tenochtitlan Farmed Farmed Farmed Farmed • Iroquois Built Mud Brick Homes Built mud block homes Hunter/Gather Seafood