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TURKISH EDUCATION SYSTEM 1.PRINCIPLES REGULATING THE EDUCATION SYSTEM The Turkish education system is organized on the basis of; -Constitution of the Turkish Republic -- Laws Regulating Education -- Government Programs - Development Plans - National Education Councils Based on these factors, education principles have been defined as follows; - Education - Education - Education - Education - Education equality, - Education shall shall shall shall shall be national, be Republican, be secular, have a scientific foundation, incorporate generality and shall be functional and modern. 2.Characteristics of National Education "Everyone is equal before the laws without any discrimination according to language, race, color, gender, political views, philosophical beliefs, religion, sect or similar reasons.’’ No person, family, group or class may have privileges. The general purpose of the Turkish National Education is to raise all Turkish citizens; (1) as individuals who protect and develop the national, human, moral and cultural values of the Turkish nation and human rights (2) as individuals who are developed in terms of body, mind, moral, spirit and emotions, with scientific thinking abilities and a wide worldview (3) in line with their own interests and abilities and to ensure they have a profession which will make them happy and contribute to the happiness of society. 3.ATATÜRK'S OPINIONS ABOUT EDUCATION Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( 19 May 1881–10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey. Education is the most important vision of Atatürk.With pencil or chalk in hand, he personally instructed children and adults in schoolrooms, parks, and other places. •And… • Atatürk qualified the teachers as 'the most self-sacrificing and respected people all around the world.' •Ladies, gentlemen… • The method to be applied in education and instruction is to make knowledge a practical and useful tool that ensures success in material life rather than an accessory.Education must be free from all superstitions and be of high quality. 4.GENERAL STRUCTURE OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM The education system includes two subsystems, namely "formal education and "non-formal education". Formal education includes Pre-Primary education, primary education, secondary education and higher education institutions. *Pre-primary and primary education involves the education of children between 6-14. Primary education is compulsory for all citizens, boys or girls, and is given free of charge in public schools.Primary education institutions are schools that provide eight years of uninterrupted education, at the end of which graduates receive a primary education diploma. The lessons taught in a week at primary schools are as follows: TURKISH 5 HOURS ENGLISH 4 HOURS MATHS 4 HOURS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 4 HOURS SOCIAL SCIENCES 3 HOURS EDUCATION OF RELIGION AND ETHICS 2 HOURS MUSIC 1 HOUR ART 1 HOUR PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2 HOURS TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN 2 HOURS GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING 1 HOUR THINKING ABILITIES 1 HOUR *Secondary education includes all institutions of general, vocational and technical education for a period of at least three years after primary education. The purpose of secondary education is to prepare the students for higher education, for profession, for life and for business in line with their interests and skills. *Higher education includes all education institutions at all levels for a period of at least four semesters after secondary education. Among higher education institutions are universities, faculties, institutes, higher education schools, conservatories, vocational higher education schools and applicationresearch centers. • The purpose of non-formal education is to provide education services to people who have never received the formal education system or have left the education at any level.. Services given by non-formal education are * to teach reading-writing to students who haven’t completed their education * to teach people from various professions the knowledge and skills they need to improve themselves * to provide the habit of using one's free time in a useful way. “Assurance of future is based on a solid basis in education, and education is based on teachers.” Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK